Desenvolvimento e validação de método bioanalítico por difusão em ágar para determinação da potência do fenticonazol creme vaginal

O nitrato de fenticonazol é um derivado imidazólico de amplo espectro de ação contra patógenos dermatófitos, como Malassezia furfur e leveduras, a principal delas Candida albicans. É necessário que se possa garantir a qualidade dos medicamentos produzidos. O controle de qualidade é uma ferramenta que assegura a qualidade, eficácia e segurança desses produtos até o momento de sua utilização e faz-se necessário que métodos analíticos sejam desenvolvidos e validados para o doseamento desses fármacos. A grande importância dos métodos microbiológicos utilizados no controle de qualidade de fármacos com atividade antimicrobiana é demonstrar sua atividade biológica por meio de seu efeito inibitório no crescimento de micro-organismo. A diminuição da atividade antimicrobiana ou potência pode indicar alguma alteração sutil na molécula, que é pouco detectável em um método analítico físico-químico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e validar o método microbiológico difusão em ágar para o produto nitrato de fenticonazol creme vaginal. O método de difusão em ágar foi desenvolvido utilizando meio de cultura ágar Sabouraud e cepa de Candida albicans ATCC 64548 como micro-organismo teste. Para o ensaio foi utilizado o delineamento 3 x 3, conforme preconiza a Farmacopeia Brasileira (2010). A validação do método proposto demonstrou linearidade entre os diâmetros dos halos de inibição e o logaritmo da concentração na faixa de 50,0 a 200,0 μg/mL. O método obteve resultados precisos e lineares com r2=1. A exatidão foi comprovada pelo intervalo de tolerância de 98,83%, dentro dos limites permitidos. O método foi validado de maneira satisfatória, podendo ser utilizado em análises do Controle de Qualidade deste fármaco.

Performance da contração muscular do assoalho pélvico de primíparas que realizaram parto vaginal ou parto cesárea

Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB

Effect of short training on vaginal fluid microscopy (wet mount) learning

Objective: Is it feasible to learn the basics of wet mount microscopy of vaginal fluid in 10 hours?Materials and Methods: This is a pilot project wherein 6 students with different grades of education were invited for being tested on their ability to read wet mount microscopic slides before and after 10 hours of hands-on training. Microscopy was performed according to a standard protocol (Femicare, Tienen, Belgium). Before and after training, all students had to evaluate a different set of 50 digital slides. Different diagnoses and microscopic patterns had to be scored. kappa indices were calculated compared with the expert reading. Results: All readers improved their mean scores significantly, especially for the most important types of altered flora (p < .0001). The mean increase in reading concordance (kappa from 0.64 to 0.75) of 1 student with a solid previous experience with microscopy did not reach statistical significance, but the remaining 5 students all improved their scores from poor performance (all kappa < 0.20) to moderate (kappa = 0.53, n = 1) to good (kappa > 0.61, n = 4) concordance. Reading quality improved and reached fair to good concordance on all microscopic items studied, except for the detection of parabasal cells and cytolytic flora. Conclusions: Although further improvement is still possible, a short training course of 10 hours enables vast improvement on wet mount microscopy accuracy and results in fair to good concordance of the most important variables of the vaginal flora compared to a reference reader.

Usefulness of vaginal cytology tests in women with previous hysterectomy for benign diseases: assessment of 53,891 tests

Objective. To assess the value of vaginal screening cytology after hysterectomy for benign disease.Methods. This cross-sectional study used cytology audit data from 2,512,039 screening tests in the metropolitan region of Campinas from 2000 to 2012; the object was to compare the prevalence of abnormal tests in women who had undergone a hysterectomy for benign diseases (n = 53,891) to that of women who had had no hysterectomy. Prevalence ratios (95% confidence intervals, 95% Cl) were determined, and chi-square analysis, modified by the Cochrane-Armitage test for trend, was used to investigate the effects of age.Results. The prevalence of atypical squamous cells (ASC), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or squamous-cell carcinoma (HSIL/SCC) was 0.13%, 0.04% and 0.03%, respectively, in women who had undergone hysterectomy, and 0.93%, 0.51% and 0.26% in women who had not undergone hysterectomy. The prevalence ratios for ASC, LSIL and HSIL/SCC were 0.14(0.11-0.17), 0.08 (0.06-0.13) and 0.13 (0.08-020), respectively, in women with a hysterectomy versus those without. For HSIL/SCC, the prevalence ratios were 0.09 and 029, respectively, for women <50 or >= 50 years. The prevalence rates in women with a previous hysterectomy showed no significant variation with age.Conclusion. The prevalence rates of ASC, LSIL and HSIL/SCC were significantly lower in women with a previous hysterectomy for benign disease compared with those observed in women with an intact uterine cervix. This study reinforces the view that there is no evidence that cytological screening is beneficial for women who have had a hysterectomy for benign disease. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Type 0 open string amplitudes and the tensionless limit

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A curcumin-loaded liquid crystal precursor mucoadhesive system for the treatment of vaginal candidiasis

Women often develop vaginal infections that are caused primarily by organisms of the genus Candida. The current treatments of vaginal candidiasis usually involve azole-based antifungals, though fungal resistance to these compounds has become prevalent. Therefore, much attention has been given to molecules with antifungal properties from natural sources, such as curcumin (CUR). However, CUR has poor solubility in aqueous solvents and poor oral bioavailability. This study attempted to overcome this problem by developing, characterizing, and evaluating the in vitro antifungal action of a CUR-loaded liquid crystal precursor mucoadhesive system (LCPM) for vaginal administration. A low-viscosity LCPM (F) consisting of 40% wt/wt polyoxpropylene-(5)-polyoxyethylene-(20)-cetyl alcohol, 50% wt/wt oleic acid, and 10% wt/wt chitosan dispersion at 0.5% with the addition of 16% poloxamer 407 was developed to take advantage of the lyotropic phase behavior of this formulation. Notably, F could transform into liquid crystal systems when diluted with artificial vaginal mucus at ratios of 1:3 and 1:1 (wt/wt), resulting in the formation of F30 and F100, respectively. Polarized light microscopy and rheological studies revealed that F behaved like an isotropic formulation, whereas F30 and F100 behaved like an anisotropic liquid crystalline system (LCS). Moreover, F30 and F100 presented higher mucoadhesion to porcine vaginal mucosa than F. The analysis of the in vitro activity against Candida albicans revealed that CUR-loaded F was more potent against standard and clinical strains compared with a CUR solution. Therefore, the vaginal administration of CUR-loaded LCPMs represents a promising platform for the treatment of vaginal candidiasis.

Avaliação proteômica do conteúdo vaginal em resposta ao tratamento da vaginose bacteriana

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Carcinoma de células escamosas em assoalho vaginal de um bovino nelore associado a metástase em pulmão: relato de caso

The squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a neoplasm that affect pets and production animals and it’s very common in tropical countries like Brazil; develops in sparsely pigmented, stratified squamous epithelium and in mucosal surfaces exposed Ultraviolet action. The SCC is quite infiltrative but rarely causes metastases. Its occurrence in the female reproductive tract is recognized in the literature on cattle breeds from Europe. This case was a female bovine, Nelore, adult, who was referred to the "Hospital Veterinário Luiz Quintiliano de Oliveira" with dark brown fluid leakage and putrid odor, associated with ulcerative growth of the vagina. Because the extent of injury, the animal was euthanized and taken to the necropsy, which was observed on board structure, ulcerated and pus in the vaginal floor, infiltrated into the pelvic cavity to the serosa of the uterine body. The microscopic findings were detected neoplastic proliferation of epithelial cells in the floor and vaginal metastases in the lung parenchyma, and classified the primary tumor and metastasis as squamous cell carcinoma moderately differentiated.

Prevalência de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e de alterações da microbiota vaginal e fatores associados em mulheres que fazem sexo com mulheres

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estudo e desenvolvimento de filmes espessos de CeO2 obtidos por tape casting

Tape Casting proved to be an effective method for the production of thick films of CeO2 pure and doped with La. For this study, the nanoparticles used to form the slurry were synthesizes by the H-M method, at 100°C for 8 minutes, using KOH mineralizer. The slurry was made in aqueous solvent, requiring optimal control of surroundings conditions so that the produced tape has conditions to be studied. However, there's no toxicity or flammability in the film made by such solvent, being pleasing to the environment. The structural, optical and electrical properties of the films obtained by the Tape Casting process were studied by the methods of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area, Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and voltage-current measures, varying the electric field and frequency. From the results obtained by laboratory experiments, based on the literature, it was possible to reveal and understand some CeO2 features pure and doped with La

Estudo e desenvolvimento de filmes espessos de CeO2 obtidos por tape casting

Tape Casting proved to be an effective method for the production of thick films of CeO2 pure and doped with La. For this study, the nanoparticles used to form the slurry were synthesizes by the H-M method, at 100°C for 8 minutes, using KOH mineralizer. The slurry was made in aqueous solvent, requiring optimal control of surroundings conditions so that the produced tape has conditions to be studied. However, there's no toxicity or flammability in the film made by such solvent, being pleasing to the environment. The structural, optical and electrical properties of the films obtained by the Tape Casting process were studied by the methods of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area, Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and voltage-current measures, varying the electric field and frequency. From the results obtained by laboratory experiments, based on the literature, it was possible to reveal and understand some CeO2 features pure and doped with La

EVALUATION OF PHOTODEGRADABLE TAPE ON GRAFTING IN CITRUS NURSERY TREES

The use of a photodegradable tape was evaluated on 'Valencia' sweet orange nursery trees budded both on Rangpur lime and Swingle citrumelo in a greenhouse in Bebedouro-SP, Brazil, from September to November 2009. On both rootstocks three wrapping procedures were evaluated: i) conventional polyethylene tape wrapped around the bud eye; ii) photodegradable tape wrapped around the bud eye, and iii) photodegradable tape wrapped around the graft junction without covering the bud eye. The following variables were measured: time spent for wrapping, percentage of bud sprouting, length and stem diameter of the scion shoot, and percentage of commercially valuable nursery trees. The trial was conducted following a randomized complete block design, with six treatments, four replications and 12 trees per plot. The use of photodegradable tape, with or without covering the bud eye, anticipated bud sprouting; despite of the longer time spent with wrapping when the photodegradable tape was used. Plants grafted onto the less vigorous Swingle citrumelo rootstock showed lower bud sprout percentages when the bud eye was covered with the photodegradable tape.

VIP expression in vessels of the vaginal wall: relationship with estrogen status

Objective Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide with elevated expression in regions that control urogenital functions. Estrogen appears to modulate VIP expression in various organs, but this effect has not been demonstrated in the vaginal wall. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of estrogen status on VIP expression in vessels of the vaginal wall. Methods Surgical specimens were removed from the vaginal walls of 18 premenopausal women and 12 postmenopausal women who were given surgery for genital prolapse grade I or II. Vaginal specimens were stained with estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha) and VIP antibodies. Levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, prolactin, fasting glucose and serum thyroxine stimulating hormone were also measured. Estrogen status was assessed on the basis of FSH and ER-alpha scores. Results The vaginal walls of premenopausal women had significantly higher ER-alpha scores than those of menopausal women (premenopausal group, 3.6 +/- 2.2; menopausal group, 1.4 +/- 1.8; p = 0.01). Premenopausal women also had significantly higher levels of VIP in the vaginal wall than menopausal women (p = 0.02). Increasing age was associated with lower level of VIP staining (odds ratio 0.88; 95% confidence interval 0.78-0.99). Conclusion Levels of ER-alpha and VIP expression in the posterior vaginal wall were higher in premenopausal than in menopausal women, but VIP expression was not associated with estrogen status. Age was an independent predictor of VIP staining in vaginal wall biopsies.

Extended regimens of the contraceptive vaginal ring versus hormonal oral contraceptives: effects on lipid metabolism

Background: Combined oral contraceptives used in an extended regimen have been studied because of their potential benefits; however, there have been few publications on extended regimens of contraceptive vaginal rings. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of these two extended regimens on the lipid metabolism of women using these contraceptive methods during 1 year. Study Design: This prospective study enrolled 150 women: 75 used a vaginal contraceptive ring (11.7 mg etonogestrel and 2.7 mg ethinyl estradiol), and 75 used oral contraceptives (30 mcg ethinyl estradiol and 150 mg desogestrel). Both groups used their respective method for 84 days followed by a 7-day pause during I year. At baseline and every 3 months during the study period, blood was collected to assess total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and B. The analysis of variance test was used to analyze differences in the results of these exams over time. Results: A total of 62 vaginal ring and 61 oral contraceptive users completed the study. There were no significant differences in the discontinuation rate, mean total cholesterol and fraction levels, apo B concentration or apo A-I/apo B ratio. Vaginal ring users had significantly higher apo A-I levels than oral contraceptive users. Conclusion: Despite the vaginal route of administration, the steroids released by the ring had the same effects on the lipid metabolism and lipoprotein levels typically seen with ethinyl estradiol given either by oral or parenteral routes. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.