NCAP embedded using structured programming

This paper presents a network node embedded based on IEEE 1451 standard developed using structured programming to access the transducers in the WTIM. The NCAP was developed using Nios II processor and uClinux, a embedded operating system developed to features restricted hardware. Both hardware and software have dynamics features and they can be configured based in the application features. Based in this features, the NCAP was developed using the minimum components of hardware and software to that being implemented in remote environment like central point of data request. Many NCAP works are implemented with an object oriented structure. This is different from the surrounding implementations. In this project the NCAP was developed using structured programming. The tests of the NCAP were made using a ZigBee interface between NCAP and WTIM and the system demonstrated in areas of difficult access for long period of time due to need for low power consumption. © 2012 IEEE.

Potentially inappropriate medications used by the elderly: Prevalence and risk factors in Brazilian care homes

Abstract. Background: The use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) among the elderly is a serious public health problem because it is intrinsically linked to increased morbidity and mortality, causing high costs to public health systems. This study's objective was to verify the prevalence of and the factors associated with the use of PIMs by elderly Brazilians in institutional settings. Methods. We performed a transversal study, by consulting the case files of elderly people living in Long Term Care for the Elderly (LTC) in towns in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, as well as structured interviews with the nurses responsible for them.We identified PIMs using the list of recently updated Beers criteria developed by a group of specialists from the American Geriatrics Society (AGS), who reviewed the criteria based on studies with high scientific evidence levels. We defined the factors studied to evaluate the association with PIM use prior to the statistical analyses, which were the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. Results: Among the elderly who used drugs daily, 82.6% were taking at least one PIM, with antipsychotics (26.5%) and analgesics (15.1%) being the most commonly used. Out of all the medications used, 32.4% were PIMs, with 29.7% of these being PIMs that the elderly should avoid independent of their condition, 1.1% being inappropriate medication for older adults with certain illnesses or syndromes, and 1.6% being medications that older adults should use with caution. In the multivariate analysis, the factors associated with PIM use were: polypharmacy (p = 0.0187), cerebrovascular disease (p = 0.0036), psychiatric disorders (p < 0.0001) and dependency (p = 0.0404). Conclusions: The results of this study showed a high prevalence of PIM use in institutionalized elderly Brazilian patients. and the associated factors were polypharmacy, psychiatric disorders, cerebrovascular diseases and dependency. © 2013 Lima et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Changes in retirement age and fertility: their effects on economic dependency, per capita income and transfer pension systems

Includes bibliography

Textos paradidáticos e o ensino de física: uma análise das ações do professor no âmbito da sala de aula

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

PATH dependency e a transformação agrária do bioma amazônico: o sentido econômico das capoeiras para o desenvolvimento sustentável

As capoeiras - áreas alteradas por ação antrópica que se encontram em estágios de regeneração espontânea de cobertura florestal - são componentes da paisagem rural de grande significado na Amazônia. No último Censo Agropecuário, as áreas de capoeira perfaziam 4,5 milhões de hectares em toda a Região Norte. Uma literatura crescentemente importante considera tais áreas proxy de economias rurais decadentes e insustentáveis, sobre as quais se ergue uma pecuária de corte eficiente e sustentável. Este artigo procura estabelecer os diferentes tipos de capoeira que se constatam na economia rural da Amazônia, associando-as às diferentes formas de produção, cujos sistemas se expressam dinamicamente como trajetórias tecnológicas concorrentes. A partir daí a) demonstra que parte dessas áreas resulta de mudanças positivas nos sistemas produtivos que produzem capoeiras com grande capacidade de regeneração – estando associada, portanto, a inovações relevantes para o desenvolvimento da Região numa perspectiva que incorpora critérios de sustentabilidade ambiental; b) demonstra que os tipos de capoeira que indicam degradação, pela baixa capacidade de regeneração, se associam à pecuária de corte, a qual na Região tem apresentado dificuldades estruturais de modernização técnica e c) indica que o ambiente institucional, favorecendo os sistemas que produzem capoeira degradada em detrimento daqueles que produzem capoeiras de rápida recomposição, podem aprisionar (levar a um lock-in) a economia agrária da região nas piores soluções, tanto econômica, quanto social e ecologicamente.

Avaliação do programa de HIV/Aids na concepção dos usuários: o caso em um hospital de referência em Belém-PA

Estudo referente a avaliação do Programa de HIV/aids em um hospital de referência, na concepção dos usuários. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi descrever a concepção dos usuários na unidade de internação e ambulatorial, sobre o programa de HIV/aids em um hospital universitário de referência na cidade de Belém-PA. Para o estudo foram traçados como objetivos específicos: apresentar as sugestões dos usuários do programa para a melhoria no desenvolvimento das atividades do programa e fornecer as ferramentas mínimas para a construção de um modelo de avaliação para o programa. No referencial foi utilizado o panorama da epidemia de HIV/AIDS, políticas de saúde no Brasil e a aids, e a avaliação de programas e serviços em saúde. O método e a abordagem foram qualitativo, descritivo do tipo estudo de caso. Foi utilizado um roteiro de entrevistas semi-estruturado sobre a temática. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida nas dependências do HUJBB, mais especificamente nos serviços do Programa de HIV/aids, em que foram entrevistados usuários do SAE e os internados na clínica de doenças infecto-parasitárias. Através da análise dos dados, foram divididas as falas em quatro categorias: caracterização do usuário quanto ao acesso ao serviço; a motivação do usuário pela qualidade do serviço; dificuldades frente às atividades e orientações do serviço; expectativas para a melhoria do programa. O resultado da pesquisa esclarece as restrições e qualidades do programa; a insatisfação do usuário no acesso ao serviço; o alto grau de motivação bem como a ausência da mesma; as principias dificuldades dos usuários em aderir as orientações e atividades do programa, como o medo de encarar a morte, a falta de recurso para chegar ao serviço, o preconceito vivido pelas pessoas com HIV/aids e a promiscuidade sexual; e as expectativas dos usuários para o programa: rapidez no atendimento, melhor infraestrutura. Conclui-se com as melhorias que podem contribuir para a qualidade de vida dos usuários, subsidiar demanda suficiente de profissionais para atender no programa e oferecer tratamento completo às pessoas que vivem com HIV/aids atendidas no programa do HUJBB.

Aspectos psicossociais e condições bucais em dependentes químicos internados para desintoxicação

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA

Global optimization using a genetic algorithm with hierarchically structured population

This paper applies a genetic algorithm with hierarchically structured population to solve unconstrained optimization problems. The population has individuals distributed in several overlapping clusters, each one with a leader and a variable number of support individuals. The hierarchy establishes that leaders must be fitter than its supporters with the topological organization of the clusters following a tree. Computational tests evaluate different population structures, population sizes and crossover operators for better algorithm performance. A set of known benchmark test problems is solved and the results found are compared with those obtained from other methods described in the literature, namely, two genetic algorithms, a simulated annealing, a differential evolution and a particle swarm optimization. The results indicate that the method employed is capable of achieving better performance than the previous approaches in regard as the two criteria usually employed for comparisons: the number of function evaluations and rate of success. The method also has a superior performance if the number of problems solved is taken into account. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

O processo de elaboração de saberes por professores-pesquisadores de educação física em uma comunidade colaborativa

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Human development and data envelopment analysis: a structured literature review

Given the importance the concept of productive efficiency has on analyzing the human development process, which is complex and multidimensional, this study conducts a literature review on the research works that have used the data envelopment analysis (DEA) to measure and analyze the development process. Therefore, we researched the databases of Scopus and Web of Science, and considered the following analysis dimensions: bibliometrics, scope, DEA models and extensions used, interfaces with other techniques, units analyzed and depth of analysis. In addition to a brief summary, the main gaps in each analysis dimension were assessed, which may serve to guide future researches. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Synthesis of Structured Lipids by Enzymatic Interesterification of Milkfat and Soybean Oil in a Basket-Type Stirred Tank Reactor

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O brincar para conhecer o desenvolvimento de crianças com implante coclear

This research analyses the development of children presented with profound deafness and benefited by the cochlear implant, discovery of great significance in hearing health. The work is based, theoretically, on Winnicott, and methodologically, in anamnesis data and playing on a set of ludic scenes, systematically organized. Ten pre-school children with implants, selected by hospital and homogenization eligibility criteria participate in this study encompassing interviews with parents and playful observation sessions with the children, besides Lynn´s Dolls Structured Game. In the children, the results show immaturity, regression to earlier stages of their development, dependency and behavioral disorders, in particular, those related to language, interrelationship and anxiety. In the parents, family disorientation, partly overcome. The children and family participating are assisted by a multidisciplinary health team, at the hospital where they are attended.

Contributions of demography and dispersal parameters to the spatial spread of a stage-structured insect invasion

Stage-structured models that integrate demography and dispersal can be used to identify points in the life cycle with large effects on rates of population spatial spread, information that is vital in the development of containment strategies for invasive species. Current challenges in the application of these tools include: (1) accounting for large uncertainty in model parameters, which may violate assumptions of ‘‘local’’ perturbation metrics such as sensitivities and elasticities, and (2) forecasting not only asymptotic rates of spatial spread, as is usually done, but also transient spatial dynamics in the early stages of invasion. We developed an invasion model for the Diaprepes root weevil (DRW; Diaprepes abbreviatus [Coleoptera: Curculionidae]), a generalist herbivore that has invaded citrus-growing regions of the United States. We synthesized data on DRW demography and dispersal and generated predictions for asymptotic and transient peak invasion speeds, accounting for parameter uncertainty. We quantified the contributions of each parameter toward invasion speed using a ‘‘global’’ perturbation analysis, and we contrasted parameter contributions during the transient and asymptotic phases. We found that the asymptotic invasion speed was 0.02–0.028 km/week, although the transient peak invasion speed (0.03– 0.045 km/week) was significantly greater. Both asymptotic and transient invasions speeds were most responsive to weevil dispersal distances. However, demographic parameters that had large effects on asymptotic speed (e.g., survival of early-instar larvae) had little effect on transient speed. Comparison of the global analysis with lower-level elasticities indicated that local perturbation analysis would have generated unreliable predictions for the responsiveness of invasion speed to underlying parameters. Observed range expansion in southern Florida (1992–2006) was significantly lower than the invasion speed predicted by the model. Possible causes of this mismatch include overestimation of dispersal distances, demographic rates, and spatiotemporal variation in parameter values. This study demonstrates that, when parameter uncertainty is large, as is often the case, global perturbation analyses are needed to identify which points in the life cycle should be targets of management. Our results also suggest that effective strategies for reducing spread during the asymptotic phase may have little effect during the transient phase. Includes Appendix.

Implementing the Objective Structured Clinical Examination in a Geriatrics Fellowship Program-A 3-Year Experience

The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) appears to be an effective alternative for assessing not only medical knowledge, but also clinical skills, including effective communication and physical examination skills. The purpose of the current study was to implement an OSCE model in a geriatrics fellowship program and to compare the instrument with traditional essay examination. Seventy first- and second-year geriatric fellows were initially submitted to a traditional essay examination and scored from 0 to 10 by a faculty member. The same fellows subsequently underwent an OSCE with eight 10-minute stations covering a wide range of essential aspects of geriatric knowledge. Each OSCE station had an examiner responsible for its evaluation according to a predefined checklist. Checklist items were classified for analysis purposes as clinical knowledge items (CKI) and communication skills items (CSI); fellow responses were scored from 0 to 10.Although essay examinations took from 30 to 45 minutes to complete, 180200 minutes were required to evaluate fellows using the proposed OSCE method. Fellows scored an average of 6.2 +/- 1.2 on the traditional essay examination and 6.6 +/- 1.0 on the OSCE (P < .001). Subanalyses of OSCE scores indicated that average performance on CKI was lower than the average on CSI (6.4 +/- 1.1 vs. 8.4 +/- 1.1; P < .001). Fellow performance on the essay examination was similar to their performance on CKI (P = .13). Second-year fellows performed better than first-year fellows on the essay examination (P < .001) and CKI (P = .05), but not on CSI (P = .25).The OSCE was successfully implemented as an educational strategy during a geriatrics fellowship program. Combining different testing modalities may provide the best assessment of competence for various domains of knowledge, skills, and behavior.