742 resultados para raccomandazione e-learning privacy tecnica rule-based recommender suggerimento
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Linguistic modelling is a rather new branch of mathematics that is still undergoing rapid development. It is closely related to fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic, but knowledge and experience from other fields of mathematics, as well as other fields of science including linguistics and behavioral sciences, is also necessary to build appropriate mathematical models. This topic has received considerable attention as it provides tools for mathematical representation of the most common means of human communication - natural language. Adding a natural language level to mathematical models can provide an interface between the mathematical representation of the modelled system and the user of the model - one that is sufficiently easy to use and understand, but yet conveys all the information necessary to avoid misinterpretations. It is, however, not a trivial task and the link between the linguistic and computational level of such models has to be established and maintained properly during the whole modelling process. In this thesis, we focus on the relationship between the linguistic and the mathematical level of decision support models. We discuss several important issues concerning the mathematical representation of meaning of linguistic expressions, their transformation into the language of mathematics and the retranslation of mathematical outputs back into natural language. In the first part of the thesis, our view of the linguistic modelling for decision support is presented and the main guidelines for building linguistic models for real-life decision support that are the basis of our modeling methodology are outlined. From the theoretical point of view, the issues of representation of meaning of linguistic terms, computations with these representations and the retranslation process back into the linguistic level (linguistic approximation) are studied in this part of the thesis. We focus on the reasonability of operations with the meanings of linguistic terms, the correspondence of the linguistic and mathematical level of the models and on proper presentation of appropriate outputs. We also discuss several issues concerning the ethical aspects of decision support - particularly the loss of meaning due to the transformation of mathematical outputs into natural language and the issue or responsibility for the final decisions. In the second part several case studies of real-life problems are presented. These provide background and necessary context and motivation for the mathematical results and models presented in this part. A linguistic decision support model for disaster management is presented here formulated as a fuzzy linear programming problem and a heuristic solution to it is proposed. Uncertainty of outputs, expert knowledge concerning disaster response practice and the necessity of obtaining outputs that are easy to interpret (and available in very short time) are reflected in the design of the model. Saatys analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is considered in two case studies - first in the context of the evaluation of works of art, where a weak consistency condition is introduced and an adaptation of AHP for large matrices of preference intensities is presented. The second AHP case-study deals with the fuzzified version of AHP and its use for evaluation purposes particularly the integration of peer-review into the evaluation of R&D outputs is considered. In the context of HR management, we present a fuzzy rule based evaluation model (academic faculty evaluation is considered) constructed to provide outputs that do not require linguistic approximation and are easily transformed into graphical information. This is achieved by designing a specific form of fuzzy inference. Finally the last case study is from the area of humanities - psychological diagnostics is considered and a linguistic fuzzy model for the interpretation of outputs of multidimensional questionnaires is suggested. The issue of the quality of data in mathematical classification models is also studied here. A modification of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) method is presented to reflect variable quality of data instances in the validation set during classifier performance assessment. Twelve publications on which the author participated are appended as a third part of this thesis. These summarize the mathematical results and provide a closer insight into the issues of the practicalapplications that are considered in the second part of the thesis.
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Human activity recognition in everyday environments is a critical, but challenging task in Ambient Intelligence applications to achieve proper Ambient Assisted Living, and key challenges still remain to be dealt with to realize robust methods. One of the major limitations of the Ambient Intelligence systems today is the lack of semantic models of those activities on the environment, so that the system can recognize the speci c activity being performed by the user(s) and act accordingly. In this context, this thesis addresses the general problem of knowledge representation in Smart Spaces. The main objective is to develop knowledge-based models, equipped with semantics to learn, infer and monitor human behaviours in Smart Spaces. Moreover, it is easy to recognize that some aspects of this problem have a high degree of uncertainty, and therefore, the developed models must be equipped with mechanisms to manage this type of information. A fuzzy ontology and a semantic hybrid system are presented to allow modelling and recognition of a set of complex real-life scenarios where vagueness and uncertainty are inherent to the human nature of the users that perform it. The handling of uncertain, incomplete and vague data (i.e., missing sensor readings and activity execution variations, since human behaviour is non-deterministic) is approached for the rst time through a fuzzy ontology validated on real-time settings within a hybrid data-driven and knowledgebased architecture. The semantics of activities, sub-activities and real-time object interaction are taken into consideration. The proposed framework consists of two main modules: the low-level sub-activity recognizer and the high-level activity recognizer. The rst module detects sub-activities (i.e., actions or basic activities) that take input data directly from a depth sensor (Kinect). The main contribution of this thesis tackles the second component of the hybrid system, which lays on top of the previous one, in a superior level of abstraction, and acquires the input data from the rst module's output, and executes ontological inference to provide users, activities and their in uence in the environment, with semantics. This component is thus knowledge-based, and a fuzzy ontology was designed to model the high-level activities. Since activity recognition requires context-awareness and the ability to discriminate among activities in di erent environments, the semantic framework allows for modelling common-sense knowledge in the form of a rule-based system that supports expressions close to natural language in the form of fuzzy linguistic labels. The framework advantages have been evaluated with a challenging and new public dataset, CAD-120, achieving an accuracy of 90.1% and 91.1% respectively for low and high-level activities. This entails an improvement over both, entirely data-driven approaches, and merely ontology-based approaches. As an added value, for the system to be su ciently simple and exible to be managed by non-expert users, and thus, facilitate the transfer of research to industry, a development framework composed by a programming toolbox, a hybrid crisp and fuzzy architecture, and graphical models to represent and con gure human behaviour in Smart Spaces, were developed in order to provide the framework with more usability in the nal application. As a result, human behaviour recognition can help assisting people with special needs such as in healthcare, independent elderly living, in remote rehabilitation monitoring, industrial process guideline control, and many other cases. This thesis shows use cases in these areas.
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The new Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy programmes, based in the Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University (Hamilton, Ontario) are unique. The teaching and learning philosophies utilized are based on learner-centred and selfdirected learning theories. The 1991 admissions process of these programmes attempted to select individuals who would make highly qualified professionals and who would have the necessary skills to complete such unique programmes. In order to: 1 . learn more about the concept of self-directed learning and its related characteristics in health care professionals; 2. examine the relationship between various student characteristics - personal, learner and those assessed during the admissions process - and final course grades, and 3. determine which, if any, smdent characteristics could be considered predictors for success in learner-centred programmes requiring self-directed learning skills, a correlational research design was developed and carried out. Thirty Occupational Therapy and thirty Physiotherapy smdents were asked to complete 2 instruments - a questionnaire developed by the author and the Oddi Continuing Learning Inventory (Oddi, 1986). Course grades and ratings of students during the admissions process were also obtained. Both questionnaires were examined for reliability, and factor analyses were conducted to determine construct validity. Data obtained from the questionnaires, course grades and student ratings (from the admissions process) were analyzed and compared using the Contingency Co-efficient, the Pearson's product-moment correlation co-efficient, and the multiple regression analysis model. The research findings demonstrated a positive relationship (as identified by Contingency Coefficient or Pearson r values) between various course grades and the following personal and learner characteristics: field of smdy of highest level of education achieved, level of education achieved, sex, marital stams, motivation for completing the programmes, reasons for eru-oling in the programmes, decision to enrol in the programmes, employment history, preferred learning style, strong selfconcept and the identification of various components of the concept of self-directed learning. In most cases, the relationships were significant to the 0.01 or 0.(X)1 levels. Results of the multiple regression analyses demonstrated that several learner and admissions characteristic variables had R^ values that accounted for the largest proportion of the variance in several dependent variables. Thus, these variables could be considered predictors for success. The learner characteristics included: level of education and strong self-concept. The admissions characteristics included: ability to evaluate strengths, ability to give feedback, curiosity and creativity, and communication skills. It is recommended that research continue to be conducted to substantiate the relationships found between course grades and characteristic variables in more diverse populations. "Success in self-directed programmes" from the learner's perspective should also be investigated. The Oddi Continuing Learning Inventory should continue to be researched. Further research may lead to refinement or further development of the instrument, and may provide further insight into self-directed learner attributes. The concept of self-directed learning continues to be incorporated into educational programmes, and thus should continue to be explored.
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In this thesis, I examined the relevance of dual-process theory to understanding forgiveness. Specifically, I argued that the internal conflict experienced by laypersons when forgiving (or finding themselves unable to forgive) and the discrepancies between existing definitions of forgiveness can currently be best understood through the lens of dual-process theory. Dual-process theory holds that individuals engage in two broad forms of mental processing corresponding to two systems, here referred to as System 1 and System 2. System 1 processing is automatic, unconscious, and operates through learned associations and heuristics. System 2 processing is effortful, conscious, and operates through rule-based and hypothetical thinking. Different definitions of forgiveness amongst both lay persons and scholars may reflect different processes within each system. Further, lay experiences with internal conflict concerning forgiveness may frequently result from processes within each system leading to different cognitive, affective, and behavioural responses. The study conducted for this thesis tested the hypotheses that processing within System 1 can directly affect one's likelihood to forgive, and that this effect is moderated by System 2 processing. I used subliminal conditioning to manipulate System 1 processing by creating positive or negative conditioned attitudes towards a hypothetical transgressor. I used working memory load (WML) to inhibit System 2 processing amongst half of the participants. The conditioning phase of the study failed and so no conclusions could be drawn regarding the roles of System 1 and System 2 in forgiveness. The implications of dual-process theory for forgiveness research and clinical practice, and directions for future research are discussed.
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Les socits modernes dpendent de plus en plus sur les systmes informatiques et ainsi, il y a de plus en plus de pression sur les quipes de dveloppement pour produire des logiciels de bonne qualit. Plusieurs compagnies utilisent des modles de qualit, des suites de programmes qui analysent et valuent la qualit d'autres programmes, mais la construction de modles de qualit est difficile parce qu'il existe plusieurs questions qui n'ont pas t rpondues dans la littrature. Nous avons tudi les pratiques de modlisation de la qualit auprs d'une grande entreprise et avons identifi les trois dimensions o une recherche additionnelle est dsirable : Le support de la subjectivit de la qualit, les techniques pour faire le suivi de la qualit lors de l'volution des logiciels, et la composition de la qualit entre diffrents niveaux d'abstraction. Concernant la subjectivit, nous avons propos l'utilisation de modles baysiens parce qu'ils sont capables de traiter des donnes ambigus. Nous avons appliqu nos modles au problme de la dtection des dfauts de conception. Dans une tude de deux logiciels libres, nous avons trouv que notre approche est suprieure aux techniques dcrites dans l'tat de l'art, qui sont bases sur des rgles. Pour supporter l'volution des logiciels, nous avons considr que les scores produits par un modle de qualit sont des signaux qui peuvent tre analyss en utilisant des techniques d'exploration de donnes pour identifier des patrons d'volution de la qualit. Nous avons tudi comment les dfauts de conception apparaissent et disparaissent des logiciels. Un logiciel est typiquement conu comme une hirarchie de composants, mais les modles de qualit ne tiennent pas compte de cette organisation. Dans la dernire partie de la dissertation, nous prsentons un modle de qualit deux niveaux. Ces modles ont trois parties: un modle au niveau du composant, un modle qui value l'importance de chacun des composants, et un autre qui value la qualit d'un compos en combinant la qualit de ses composants. L'approche a t teste sur la prdiction de classes fort changement partir de la qualit des mthodes. Nous avons trouv que nos modles deux niveaux permettent une meilleure identification des classes fort changement. Pour terminer, nous avons appliqu nos modles deux niveaux pour l'valuation de la navigabilit des sites web partir de la qualit des pages. Nos modles taient capables de distinguer entre des sites de trs bonne qualit et des sites choisis alatoirement. Au cours de la dissertation, nous prsentons non seulement des problmes thoriques et leurs solutions, mais nous avons galement men des expriences pour dmontrer les avantages et les limitations de nos solutions. Nos rsultats indiquent qu'on peut esprer amliorer l'tat de l'art dans les trois dimensions prsentes. En particulier, notre travail sur la composition de la qualit et la modlisation de l'importance est le premier cibler ce problme. Nous croyons que nos modles deux niveaux sont un point de dpart intressant pour des travaux de recherche plus approfondis.
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Mmoire numris par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Universit de Montral
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Rapport de stage prsent la Facult des sciences infirmires en vue de lobtention du grade de Matre s sciences (M. Sc.) en sciences infirmires option formation en sciences infirmires
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La scoliose idiopathique de ladolescent (SIA) est une dformation tri-dimensionelle du rachis. Son traitement comprend lobservation, lutilisation de corsets pour limiter sa progression ou la chirurgie pour corriger la dformation squelettique et cesser sa progression. Le traitement chirurgical reste controvers au niveau des indications, mais aussi de la chirurgie entreprendre. Malgr la prsence de classifications pour guider le traitement de la SIA, une variabilit dans la stratgie opratoire intra et inter-observateur a t dcrite dans la littrature. Cette variabilit saccentue dautant plus avec lvolution des techniques chirurgicales et de linstrumentation disponible. Lavancement de la technologie et son intgration dans le milieu mdical a men lutilisation dalgorithmes dintelligence artificielle informatiques pour aider la classification et lvaluation tridimensionnelle de la scoliose. Certains algorithmes ont dmontr tre efficace pour diminuer la variabilit dans la classification de la scoliose et pour guider le traitement. Lobjectif gnral de cette thse est de dvelopper une application utilisant des outils dintelligence artificielle pour intgrer les donnes dun nouveau patient et les vidences disponibles dans la littrature pour guider le traitement chirurgical de la SIA. Pour cela une revue de la littrature sur les applications existantes dans lvaluation de la SIA fut entreprise pour rassembler les lments qui permettraient la mise en place dune application efficace et accepte dans le milieu clinique. Cette revue de la littrature nous a permis de raliser que lexistence de black box dans les applications dveloppes est une limitation pour lintgration clinique ou la justification base sur les vidence est essentielle. Dans une premire tude nous avons dvelopp un arbre dcisionnel de classification de la scoliose idiopathique bas sur la classification de Lenke qui est la plus communment utilise de nos jours mais a t critique pour sa complexit et la variabilit inter et intra-observateur. Cet arbre dcisionnel a dmontr quil permet daugmenter la prcision de classification proportionnellement au temps pass classifier et ce indpendamment du niveau de connaissance sur la SIA. Dans une deuxime tude, un algorithme de stratgies chirurgicales bas sur des rgles extraites de la littrature a t dvelopp pour guider les chirurgiens dans la slection de lapproche et les niveaux de fusion pour la SIA. Lorsque cet algorithme est appliqu une large base de donne de 1556 cas de SIA, il est capable de proposer une stratgie opratoire similaire celle dun chirurgien expert dans prt de 70% des cas. Cette tude a confirm la possibilit dextraire des stratgies opratoires valides laide dun arbre dcisionnel utilisant des rgles extraites de la littrature. Dans une troisime tude, la classification de 1776 patients avec la SIA laide dune carte de Kohonen, un type de rseaux de neurone a permis de dmontrer quil existe des scoliose typiques (scoliose courbes uniques ou double thoracique) pour lesquelles la variabilit dans le traitement chirurgical varie peu des recommandations par la classification de Lenke tandis que les scolioses a courbes multiples ou tangentielles deux groupes de courbes typiques taient celles avec le plus de variation dans la stratgie opratoire. Finalement, une plateforme logicielle a t dveloppe intgrant chacune des tudes ci-dessus. Cette interface logicielle permet lentre de donnes radiologiques pour un patient scoliotique, classifie la SIA laide de larbre dcisionnel de classification et suggre une approche chirurgicale base sur larbre dcisionnel de stratgies opratoires. Une analyse de la correction post-opratoire obtenue dmontre une tendance, bien que non-statistiquement significative, une meilleure balance chez les patients oprs suivant la stratgie recommande par la plateforme logicielle que ceux aillant un traitement diffrent. Les tudes exposes dans cette thse soulignent que lutilisation dalgorithmes dintelligence artificielle dans la classification et llaboration de stratgies opratoires de la SIA peuvent tre intgres dans une plateforme logicielle et pourraient assister les chirurgiens dans leur planification propratoire.
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Article
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They present a Rule based in the Principle of Indifference to represent the formation of beliefs in conditions of uncertainty.
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The country has witnessed tremendous increase in the vehicle population and increased axle loading pattern during the last decade, leaving its road network overstressed and leading to premature failure. The type of deterioration present in the pavement should be considered for determining whether it has a functional or structural deficiency, so that appropriate overlay type and design can be developed. Structural failure arises from the conditions that adversely affect the load carrying capability of the pavement structure. Inadequate thickness, cracking, distortion and disintegration cause structural deficiency. Functional deficiency arises when the pavement does not provide a smooth riding surface and comfort to the user. This can be due to poor surface friction and texture, hydro planning and splash from wheel path, rutting and excess surface distortion such as potholes, corrugation, faulting, blow up, settlement, heaves etc. Functional condition determines the level of service provided by the facility to its users at a particular time and also the Vehicle Operating Costs (VOC), thus influencing the national economy. Prediction of the pavement deterioration is helpful to assess the remaining effective service life (RSL) of the pavement structure on the basis of reduction in performance levels, and apply various alternative designs and rehabilitation strategies with a long range funding requirement for pavement preservation. In addition, they can predict the impact of treatment on the condition of the sections. The infrastructure prediction models can thus be classified into four groups, namely primary response models, structural performance models, functional performance models and damage models. The factors affecting the deterioration of the roads are very complex in nature and vary from place to place. Hence there is need to have a thorough study of the deterioration mechanism under varied climatic zones and soil conditions before arriving at a definite strategy of road improvement. Realizing the need for a detailed study involving all types of roads in the state with varying traffic and soil conditions, the present study has been attempted. This study attempts to identify the parameters that affect the performance of roads and to develop performance models suitable to Kerala conditions. A critical review of the various factors that contribute to the pavement performance has been presented based on the data collected from selected road stretches and also from five corporations of Kerala. These roads represent the urban conditions as well as National Highways, State Highways and Major District Roads in the sub urban and rural conditions. This research work is a pursuit towards a study of the road condition of Kerala with respect to varying soil, traffic and climatic conditions, periodic performance evaluation of selected roads of representative types and development of distress prediction models for roads of Kerala. In order to achieve this aim, the study is focused into 2 parts. The first part deals with the study of the pavement condition and subgrade soil properties of urban roads distributed in 5 Corporations of Kerala; namely Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Kochi, Thrissur and Kozhikode. From selected 44 roads, 68 homogeneous sections were studied. The data collected on the functional and structural condition of the surface include pavement distress in terms of cracks, potholes, rutting, raveling and pothole patching. The structural strength of the pavement was measured as rebound deflection using Benkelman Beam deflection studies. In order to collect the details of the pavement layers and find out the subgrade soil properties, trial pits were dug and the in-situ field density was found using the Sand Replacement Method. Laboratory investigations were carried out to find out the subgrade soil properties, soil classification, Atterberg limits, Optimum Moisture Content, Field Moisture Content and 4 days soaked CBR. The relative compaction in the field was also determined. The traffic details were also collected by conducting traffic volume count survey and axle load survey. From the data thus collected, the strength of the pavement was calculated which is a function of the layer coefficient and thickness and is represented as Structural Number (SN). This was further related to the CBR value of the soil and the Modified Structural Number (MSN) was found out. The condition of the pavement was represented in terms of the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) which is a function of the distress of the surface at the time of the investigation and calculated in the present study using deduct value method developed by U S Army Corps of Engineers. The influence of subgrade soil type and pavement condition on the relationship between MSN and rebound deflection was studied using appropriate plots for predominant types of soil and for classified value of Pavement Condition Index. The relationship will be helpful for practicing engineers to design the overlay thickness required for the pavement, without conducting the BBD test. Regression analysis using SPSS was done with various trials to find out the best fit relationship between the rebound deflection and CBR, and other soil properties for Gravel, Sand, Silt & Clay fractions. The second part of the study deals with periodic performance evaluation of selected road stretches representing National Highway (NH), State Highway (SH) and Major District Road (MDR), located in different geographical conditions and with varying traffic. 8 road sections divided into 15 homogeneous sections were selected for the study and 6 sets of continuous periodic data were collected. The periodic data collected include the functional and structural condition in terms of distress (pothole, pothole patch, cracks, rutting and raveling), skid resistance using a portable skid resistance pendulum, surface unevenness using Bump Integrator, texture depth using sand patch method and rebound deflection using Benkelman Beam. Baseline data of the study stretches were collected as one time data. Pavement history was obtained as secondary data. Pavement drainage characteristics were collected in terms of camber or cross slope using camber board (slope meter) for the carriage way and shoulders, availability of longitudinal side drain, presence of valley, terrain condition, soil moisture content, water table data, High Flood Level, rainfall data, land use and cross slope of the adjoining land. These data were used for finding out the drainage condition of the study stretches. Traffic studies were conducted, including classified volume count and axle load studies. From the field data thus collected, the progression of each parameter was plotted for all the study roads; and validated for their accuracy. Structural Number (SN) and Modified Structural Number (MSN) were calculated for the study stretches. Progression of the deflection, distress, unevenness, skid resistance and macro texture of the study roads were evaluated. Since the deterioration of the pavement is a complex phenomena contributed by all the above factors, pavement deterioration models were developed as non linear regression models, using SPSS with the periodic data collected for all the above road stretches. General models were developed for cracking progression, raveling progression, pothole progression and roughness progression using SPSS. A model for construction quality was also developed. Calibration of HDM4 pavement deterioration models for local conditions was done using the data for Cracking, Raveling, Pothole and Roughness. Validation was done using the data collected in 2013. The application of HDM-4 to compare different maintenance and rehabilitation options were studied considering the deterioration parameters like cracking, pothole and raveling. The alternatives considered for analysis were base alternative with crack sealing and patching, overlay with 40 mm BC using ordinary bitumen, overlay with 40 mm BC using Natural Rubber Modified Bitumen and an overlay of Ultra Thin White Topping. Economic analysis of these options was done considering the Life Cycle Cost (LCC). The average speed that can be obtained by applying these options were also compared. The results were in favour of Ultra Thin White Topping over flexible pavements. Hence, Design Charts were also plotted for estimation of maximum wheel load stresses for different slab thickness under different soil conditions. The design charts showed the maximum stress for a particular slab thickness and different soil conditions incorporating different k values. These charts can be handy for a design engineer. Fuzzy rule based models developed for site specific conditions were compared with regression models developed using SPSS. The Riding Comfort Index (RCI) was calculated and correlated with unevenness to develop a relationship. Relationships were developed between Skid Number and Macro Texture of the pavement. The effort made through this research work will be helpful to highway engineers in understanding the behaviour of flexible pavements in Kerala conditions and for arriving at suitable maintenance and rehabilitation strategies. Key Words: Flexible Pavements Performance Evaluation Urban Roads NH SH and other roads Performance Models Deflection Riding Comfort Index Skid Resistance Texture Depth Unevenness Ultra Thin White Topping
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Many examples for emergent behaviors may be observed in self-organizing physical and biological systems which prove to be robust, stable, and adaptable. Such behaviors are often based on very simple mechanisms and rules, but artificially creating them is a challenging task which does not comply with traditional software engineering. In this article, we propose a hybrid approach by combining strategies from Genetic Programming and agent software engineering, and demonstrate that this approach effectively yields an emergent design for given problems.
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Mit aktiven Magnetlagern ist es mglich, rotierende Krper durch magnetische Felder berhrungsfrei zu lagern. Systembedingt sind bei aktiv magnetgelagerten Maschinen wesentliche Signale ohne zustzlichen Aufwand an Messtechnik fr Diagnoseaufgaben verfgbar. In der Arbeit wird ein Konzept entwickelt, das durch Verwendung der systeminhrenten Signale eine Diagnose magnetgelagerter rotierender Maschinen ermglicht und somit neben einer kontinuierlichen Anlagenberwachung eine schnelle Bewertung des Anlagenzustandes gestattet. Fehler knnen rechtzeitig und urschlich in Art und Gre erkannt und entsprechende Gegenmanahmen eingeleitet werden. Anhand der erfassten Signale geschieht die Gewinnung von Merkmalen mit signal- und modellgesttzten Verfahren. Fr den Magnetlagerregelkreis erfolgen Untersuchungen zum Einsatz modellgesttzter Parameteridentifikationsverfahren, deren Verwendbarkeit wird bei der Diagnose am Regler und Leistungsverstrker nachgewiesen. Unter Nutzung von Simulationsmodellen sowie durch Experimente an Versuchsstnden werden die Merkmalsverlufe im normalen Referenzzustand und bei auftretenden Fehlern aufgenommen und die Ergebnisse in einer Wissensbasis abgelegt. Diese dient als Grundlage zur Festlegung von Grenzwerten und Regeln fr die berwachung des Systems und zur Erstellung wissensbasierter Diagnosemodelle. Bei der berwachung werden die Merkmalsausprgungen auf das berschreiten von Grenzwerten berprft, Informationen ber erkannte Fehler und Betriebszustnde gebildet sowie gegebenenfalls Alarmmeldungen ausgegeben. Sich langsam anbahnende Fehler knnen durch die Berechnung der Merkmalstrends mit Hilfe der Regressionsanalyse erkannt werden. ber die bisher bei aktiven Magnetlagern bliche berwachung von Grenzwerten hinaus erfolgt bei der Fehlerdiagnose eine Verknpfung der extrahierten Merkmale zur Identifizierung und Lokalisierung auftretender Fehler. Die Diagnose geschieht mittels regelbasierter Fuzzy-Logik, dies gestattet die Einbeziehung von linguistischen Aussagen in Form von Expertenwissen sowie die Bercksichtigung von Unbestimmtheiten und ermglicht damit eine Diagnose komplexer Systeme. Fr Aktor-, Sensor- und Reglerfehler im Magnetlagerregelkreis sowie Fehler durch externe Krfte und Unwuchten werden Diagnosemodelle erstellt und verifiziert. Es erfolgt der Nachweis, dass das entwickelte Diagnosekonzept mit beherrschbarem Rechenaufwand korrekte Diagnoseaussagen liefert. Durch Kaskadierung von Fuzzy-Logik-Modulen wird die Transparenz des Regelwerks gewahrt und die Abarbeitung der Regeln optimiert. Endresultat ist ein neuartiges hybrides Diagnosekonzept, welches signal- und modellgesttzte Verfahren der Merkmalsgewinnung mit wissensbasierten Methoden der Fehlerdiagnose kombiniert. Das entwickelte Diagnosekonzept ist fr die Anpassung an unterschiedliche Anforderungen und Anwendungen bei rotierenden Maschinen konzipiert.
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Cross sections for double photoionization of the Ne L shell into the 2s2p{^5 3}P^0} and ^1P^0 and the 2s^02p^6 ^1S^e states were measured for energies from threshold up to 150 eV, using photon induced fluorescence spectroscopy. Both 2s2p^5 channels were observed with comparable magnitude in contradiction to a propensity rule based on the Wannier-Peterkop-Rau theory. A comparison of the summed ^3P^0 and ^1P^0 cross sections with MBPT calculations results in a deviation of 50%.
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Genetic Programming can be effectively used to create emergent behavior for a group of autonomous agents. In the process we call Offline Emergence Engineering, the behavior is at first bred in a Genetic Programming environment and then deployed to the agents in the real environment. In this article we shortly describe our approach, introduce an extended behavioral rule syntax, and discuss the impact of the expressiveness of the behavioral description to the generation success, using two scenarios in comparison: the election problem and the distributed critical section problem. We evaluate the results, formulating criteria for the applicability of our approach.
