Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão: 30 anos registrando o avanço da Psicologia Brasileira

Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão (PCP), publicada pelo Conselho Federal de Psicologia ao longo de 30 anos, registra o avanço da Psicologia, como ciência e profissão. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar alguns aspectos que merecem destaque, a partir de 2005, quando PCP se consolida como uma revista científica, ganha a versão digital e se insere no movimento do acesso aberto. É feita também uma breve análise dos indicadores de citações da revista. As análises foram efetuadas a partir da leitura dos editoriais dos fascículos publicados do ano 2005 até o momento. Com base nos módulos de bibliometria do PePSIC e SciELO, além dos dados das referências da revista, foram levantados indicadores de citações recebidas e fornecidas por PCP. Os dados permitem afirmar que PCP vem aumentando o número de citações recebidas. A rede de revistas que mais citam PCP está publicada no PePSIC, demonstrando que publicações eletrônicas ganham maior visibilidade na comunidade científica. Ao completar 30 anos, a proposta da revista é o comprometimento com a Psicologia voltada para aliviar o sofrimento humano, mas também dedicada ao avanço da ciência psicológica. O conhecimento documentado em revistas científicas e o impacto que tais publicações representam para o saber universal é algo que deve ser abordado, discutido e entendido, assim, estudos dessa natureza devem ser incentivados.

Digital Systems for Open Access to Formal and Informal Learning

Today, Digital Systems and Services for Technology Supported Learning and Education are recognized as the key drivers to transform the way that individuals, groups and organizations “learn” and the way to “assess learning” in 21st Century. These transformations influence: Objectives - moving from acquiring new “knowledge” to developing new and relevant “competences”; Methods – moving from “classroom” based teaching to “context-aware” personalized learning; and Assessment – moving from “life-long” degrees and certifications to “on-demand” and “in-context” accreditation of qualifications. Within this context, promoting Open Access to Formal and Informal Learning, is currently a key issue in the public discourse and the global dialogue on Education, including Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) and Flipped School Classrooms. This volume on Digital Systems for Open Access to Formal and Informal Learning contributes to the international dialogue between researchers, technologists, practitioners and policy makers in Technology Supported Education and Learning. It addresses emerging issues related with both theory and practice, as well as, methods and technologies that can support Open Access to Formal and Informal Learning. In the twenty chapters contributed by international experts who are actively shaping the future of Educational Technology around the world, topics such as: - The evolution of University Open Courses in Transforming Learning - Supporting Open Access to Teaching and Learning of People with Disabilities - Assessing Student Learning in Online Courses - Digital Game-based Learning for School Education - Open Access to Virtual and Remote Labs for STEM Education - Teachers’ and Schools’ ICT Competence Profiling - Web-Based Education and Innovative Leadership in a K-12 International School Setting are presented. An in-depth blueprint of the promise, potential, and imminent future of the field, Digital Systems for Open Access to Formal and Informal Learning is necessary reading for researchers and practitioners, as well as, undergraduate and postgraduate students, in educational technology.

Modern sea surface productivity and temperature estimations off Chile as detected by coccolith accumulation rates

Recent coccoliths from 74 surface sediment samples recovered from the southeastern Pacific off Chile were examined quantitatively to investigate modern regional gradients of sea surface productivity and temperature. All findings are based on coccolith accumulation rates. Therefore an approach was designed to estimate recent sedimentation rates based on 210Pb and bulk chemistry analyses of the same set of surface samples. Highest total coccolith accumulation rates were found off north-central Chile, where seasonal upwelling takes place. Based on a multiple linear regression between calculated coccolith accumulation rates and World Ocean Atlas derived sea surface temperatures, a calibration model to reconstruct annual average temperatures of the uppermost 75 m of the water column is provided. The model was cross-validated and the SST estimates were compared with SST observed and SST estimates based on diatoms and planktonic foraminifera, showing a good correlation.

COGNITIVE IMPACT OF INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA

Technology has been gradually introduced in heath education. One of the most attractive features of this technology-based education is the use of multimedia. In this article we explore the research evidence about the role that multimedia is playing in education. From that analysis we describe the most relevant features of this technology to prepare a common ground of discussion about the evaluation of its impact on educational outcomes. As part of this analysis, we organize current research evidence on the use of technology in medical education, distinguishing diverse variables involved in the process, like knowledge (declarative, procedural), learner characteristics, curricular scenario, etc. This article presents an overview of the Distributed Representations theory and its relationship with research on educational outcomes and multimedia. Next we discuss the relationship between media and diverse learning theories, proposing a theory based taxonomy for educational multimedia.

Cohort Profile: The Interdisciplinary Study of Inequalities in Smoking (ISIS)

The Interdisciplinary Study of Inequalities in Smoking (ISIS) is a cohort study investigating the joint effects of residents' socio-demographic characteristics and neighbourhood attributes on the social distribution of smoking in a young adult population. Smoking is a behaviour with an increasingly steep social class gradient; smoking prevalence among young adults is no longer declining at the same rate as among the rest of the population, and there is evidence of growing place-based disparities in smoking. ISIS was established to examine these pressing concerns. The ISIS sample comprises non-institutionalized individuals aged 18-25 years, who are proficient in English and/or French and who had been living at their current address in Montréal, Canada, for at least 1 year at time of first contact. Two waves of data have been collected: baseline data were collected November 2011-September 2012 (n = 2093), and a second wave of data was collected January-June 2014 (n = 1457). Data were collected from respondents using a self-administered questionnaire, developed by the research team based on sociological theory, which includes questions concerning social, economic, cultural and biological capital, and activity space as well as smoking behaviour. Data are available upon request from [katherine.frohlich@umontreal.ca].

Towards a spatial understanding of trade-offs in sustainable development: A meso-scale analysis of the nexus between land use, poverty, and environment in the Lao PDR

In land systems, equitably managing trade-offs between planetary boundaries and human development needs represents a grand challenge in sustainability oriented initiatives. Informing such initiatives requires knowledge about the nexus between land use, poverty, and environment. This paper presents results from Lao PDR, where we combined nationwide spatial data on land use types and the environmental state of landscapes with village-level poverty indicators. Our analysis reveals two general but contrasting trends. First, landscapes with paddy or permanent agriculture allow a greater number of people to live in less poverty but come at the price of a decrease in natural vegetation cover. Second, people practising extensive swidden agriculture and living in intact environments are often better off than people in degraded paddy or permanent agriculture. As poverty rates within different landscape types vary more than between landscape types, we cannot stipulate a land use–poverty–environment nexus. However, the distinct spatial patterns or configurations of these rates point to other important factors at play. Drawing on ethnicity as a proximate factor for endogenous development potentials and accessibility as a proximate factor for external influences, we further explore these linkages. Ethnicity is strongly related to poverty in all land use types almost independently of accessibility, implying that social distance outweighs geographic or physical distance. In turn, accessibility, almost a precondition for poverty alleviation, is mainly beneficial to ethnic majority groups and people living in paddy or permanent agriculture. These groups are able to translate improved accessibility into poverty alleviation. Our results show that the concurrence of external influences with local—highly contextual—development potentials is key to shaping outcomes of the land use–poverty–environment nexus. By addressing such leverage points, these findings help guide more effective development interventions. At the same time, they point to the need in land change science to better integrate the understanding of place-based land indicators with process-based drivers of land use change.

Matching Social and Ecological Systems in Complex Ocean Fisheries

This paper considers ocean fisheries as complex adaptive systems and addresses the question of how human institutions might be best matched to their structure and function. Ocean ecosystems operate at multiple scales, but the management of fisheries tends to be aimed at a single species considered at a single broad scale. The paper argues that this mismatch of ecological and management scale makes it difficult to address the fine-scale aspects of ocean ecosystems, and leads to fishing rights and strategies that tend to erode the underlying structure of populations and the system itself. A successful transition to ecosystem-based management will require institutions better able to economize on the acquisition of feedback about the impact of human activities. This is likely to be achieved by multiscale institutions whose organization mirrors the spatial organization of the ecosystem and whose communications occur through a polycentric network. Better feedback will allow the exploration of fine-scale science and the employment of fine-scale fishing restraints, better adapted to the behavior of fish and habitat. The scale and scope of individual fishing rights also needs to be congruent with the spatial structure of the ecosystem. Place-based rights can be expected to create a longer private planning horizon as well as stronger incentives for the private and public acquisition of system relevant knowledge.

Uncertainty analysis of cost effectiveness in a tailored intervention to promote screening for colorectal cancer

Background. Screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered cost effective but screening compliance in the US remains low. There have been very few studies on economic analyses of screening promotion strategies for colorectal cancer. The main aim of the current study is to conduct a cost effectiveness analysis (CEA) and examine the uncertainty involved in the results of the CEA of a tailored intervention to promote screening for CRC among patients of a multispeciality clinic in Houston, TX. ^ Methods. The two intervention arms received a PC based tailored program and web based educational information to promote CRC screening. The incremental cost of implementing a tailored PC based program was compared to the website based education and the status quo of no intervention for each unit of effect after 12 months of delivering the intervention. Uncertainty analysis in the point estimates of cost and effect was conducted using nonparametric bootstrapping. ^ Results. The cost of implementing a web based educational intervention was $36.00 per person and the cost of the tailored PC based interactive intervention was $43.00 per person. The additional cost per person screened for the web-based strategy was $2374 and the effect of the tailored intervention was negative. ^

Sistemas de Gestión de la Calidad. Metodología para implementar proyectos de mejora continua para la reducción de los defectos de construcción en edificación de viviendas

La mejora continua debería estar presente siempre en las empresas, dispongan o no de sistemas de gestión. Sin embargo, su aplicación en el sector de la construcción es especialmente difícil debido a las características particulares del mismo. Por este motivo se plantea el objetivo principal de esta Tesis Doctoral: “Establecer una metodología de trabajo que permita a las empresas constructoras implantar proyectos de mejora continua para incrementar la calidad de las viviendas entregadas a los usuarios”. En la investigación llevada a cabo se han inspeccionado 818 viviendas, recogiendo un total de 82.550 incidencias, las cuales se han analizado aplicando cuatro de las siete herramientas estadísticas básicas de la mejora continua (Hoja de recogida de datos, Estratificación, Histograma y Diagrama de Pareto), concluyendo que los tres oficios que concentran el 80% de los defectos, en los que convendría actuar para reducir de manera significativa los fallos de construcción en la fase de pre-entrega, son: Carpintería de Madera, Revestimientos Cerámicos e Instalación de Electricidad. De entre estos tres oficios se ha seleccionado el de Revestimientos Cerámicos para poner en práctica un proyecto de mejora continua. Analizando los datos relativos a este oficio se elabora un listado de 25 defectos tipo en los que se pueden agrupar todas las incidencias detectadas. Aplicando de nuevo las cuatro herramientas básicas de la calidad se destacan los 10 defectos tipo con mayor impacto en volumen de incidencias y en coste de reparación, para focalizar los esfuerzos de mejora. Con esta información se elabora un documento de criterios técnicos para la ejecución de los Revestimientos Cerámicos que se implanta, en parte, en varias obras para tratar de reducir los defectos detectados en las viviendas antes de la entrega a sus propietarios, y se definen unos Índices de Calidad para medir los resultados. Se toman datos de nuevo a 6 y 20 meses desde la implantación del protocolo, se analizan y se calculan los resultados del proyecto de mejora, concluyendo que se está avanzando positivamente. En base a toda la información recogida a lo largo del proceso de la investigación y de la experiencia del proyecto de mejora implantado, se presenta una propuesta de metodología para implementar proyectos de mejora, así como la documentación recomendada para su puesta en práctica, además de la documentación técnica específica para la prevención de los defectos de construcción en Revestimientos Cerámicos incluyendo las fichas de control para la recepción de materiales, control de ejecución y control de recepción del revestimiento terminado. ABSTRACT Continuous improvement should always be a core value in firms of all kinds, whether or not they implement management systems. Nevertheless, its application in the construction sector seems especially difficult due to its inherent intricacies and complexity. The study of this phenomenon is the main aim of the hereby presented PhD dissertation "Establishment of a working methodology that allows construction (related) firms to carry out projects of continuous improvement in order to increase the quality of housing upon delivery to the client". In the present research 818 housing units have been inspected, collecting a total of 82550 incidence entries, which have been analyzed by means of 4 out of the 7 basic statistical tools of continuous improvement: Data collection sheets, stratification, histogram, and Pareto diagram. The data shows that the 3 main trades where special actions should be taken in order to significantly reduce construction defects are: carpentry, ceramic cladding, and electricity systems. These trades combined account for the 80% of the total defects detected during the inspections. Among the mentioned works, ceramic tiling is selected as a continuous improvement case study project. Analysing data relative to this specific trade, a list of 25 defect types is developed. These types gather all detected defects under this group. Further applying the four statistical tools referred to above, the 10 most significant events are highlighted as to clearly determine the improvement measures. These events have the most impact on both volume of defects and reparation costs. This information is then put together in a document of technical criteria for the correct execution of ceramic tiling that is implemented in various ongoing projects under construction as to minimize the defects prior to the final delivery to the client. Also, a series of Quality Index are defined as criteria for execution suitability. 6 to 20 months after the implementation of this control protocol, the same process is repeated with the purpose of comparing results. It is concluded that a positive evolution takes place. Based both on the information collected throughout the research process and the experience of the case study, the dissertation proposes a methodology to successfully implement improvement projects along with reference documentation and specific technical documents for the prevention of construction defects in ceramic tiling, including (i) material reception control sheets, (ii) an execution control sheet, and a sheet relative to the (iii) control of the finished cladding.

A flexible open source web platform to facilitate Learning Object evaluation

Systematic evaluation of Learning Objects is essential to make high quality Web-based education possible. For this reason, several educational repositories and e-Learning systems have developed their own evaluation models and tools. However, the differences of the context in which Learning Objects are produced and consumed suggest that no single evaluation model is sufficient for all scenarios. Besides, no much effort has been put in developing open tools to facilitate Learning Object evaluation and use the quality information for the benefit of end users. This paper presents LOEP, an open source web platform that aims to facilitate Learning Object evaluation in different scenarios and educational settings by supporting and integrating several evaluation models and quality metrics. The work exposed in this paper shows that LOEP is capable of providing Learning Object evaluation to e-Learning systems in an open, low cost, reliable and effective way. Possible scenarios where LOEP could be used to implement quality control policies and to enhance search engines are also described. Finally, we report the results of a survey conducted among reviewers that used LOEP, showing that they perceived LOEP as a powerful and easy to use tool for evaluating Learning Objects.

Transformaciones urbanas en torno a las reales puertas de la Villa de Madrid (1656-1860)

La estructura urbana de Madrid comenzó a dibujarse con los primeros asentamientos fortificados del siglo IX. Sus posteriores ampliaciones estuvieron acotadas por los sucesivos recintos que delimitaron los contornos de una capital en constante expansión. De carácter inicialmente defensivo, luego fiscal y sanitario, estas estructuras estuvieron articuladas en torno a las puertas de acceso a la Villa, estableciendo un sistema general de cerramiento y comunicación que permitiera el control de personas y mercancías en su tránsito hacia el interior de la ciudad. La modestia inicial con que las puertas y tapias del recinto edificado en tiempos de Felipe IV desempeñaron sus funciones de espaldas al exterior de la Villa fue remplazada por un creciente protagonismo, de carácter simbólico y ornamental, que trascendió a su propia arquitectura para inspirar algunas de las importantes transformaciones urbanas operadas en su entorno. Relacionada principalmente con el ideal ilustrado de embellecimiento de la ciudad, la renovación de sus puertas principales se completaba con la reedificación y regularización de sus cercas, y la conformación de nuevos paseos en las afueras de la capital, cuyo trazado vertebrará en buena medida la ocupación de la periferia y la consiguiente definición de la trama urbana del Madrid de hoy. El presente trabajo de investigación indaga sobre la significación urbana de las Reales Puertas de la Villa de Madrid, a partir de la revisión de su establecimiento en los sucesivos recintos de la capital, con especial atención a las transformaciones urbanas operadas en ella desde la definición de su último límite hasta la proyección futura del Madrid ampliado según el anteproyecto de Carlos Mª de Castro. La observación conjunta de las componentes arquitectónica y urbana de las puertas de la Villa de Madrid se ofrece a partir de un relato cronológico de los hechos, fundamentado en su justificación documental y la secuencia visual registrada en la cartografía histórica de la ciudad. La incorporación de aportaciones gráficas de nueva elaboración, de carácter y alcance diversos, proporciona una superposición espacio-temporal que posibilita la lectura comparada de las arquitecturas de las Reales Puertas de la Villa de Madrid y de las transformaciones urbanas operadas a partir de ellas, determinantes en gran medida la configuración de la ciudad actual. ABSTRACT Madrid’s current urban structure has its roots in the first fortified settlements of the IX century. Its subsequent expansions due to the capital’s constant growth were limited by successive enclosures, built originally as a defense mechanism, but later used for fiscal and sanitary purposes as well. The construction of these structures pivoted around the gates that gave access to the city, establishing an enclosure that allowed control of both people and goods on their way into the city. The gates and walls originally built by Felipe IV performed their purpose with a modesty that was later replaced by an increasing symbolic and ornamental prominence, eventually surpassing their own architecture to inspire profound urban changes around them. With the purpose of embellishing the city, the main gates were renovated, the walls were rebuilt and standardized, and new avenues were laid out outside the city. These changes dictated in large part the settling on the suburbs and the resulting configuration of Madrid’s urban scene as we know it today. This research explores the urban significance of the Royal Gates of Madrid through the study of the enclosures that marked the limits of the city. Special attention is given to the urban changes since the last enclosure was established through to Carlos Mª de Castro’s draft for Madrid’s future projection. The architectonic and urban facets of Madrid’s gates are examined simultaneously in a series of chronological events, based on relevant documentation and the graphical record found in Madrid’s historic cartography. This thesis includes new graphic contributions, which allow the comparison of the architecture of the Royal Gates of Madrid as they evolved in time and space. These documents are essential in order to understand the urban transformations that took place based on the Gates, having largely determined the city’s current configuration.

Entre cahiers et biberons : les enjeux de la conciliation études/famille des mères adolescentes au Gabon

Ce travail de recherche s’est intéressé aux mères adolescentes du Gabon, pays d’Afrique Centrale. S’inscrivant en faux contre l’idée préconçue selon laquelle les grossesses à l’adolescence conduisent inéluctablement au décrochage scolaire, les résultats de recherche présentés dans ce document rendent plutôt compte d’expériences inverses, à savoir celles des mères adolescentes qui parviennent à persévérer dans leurs études. Le présent mémoire vise à comprendre et à analyser le vécu des jeunes filles mères scolarisées. Il questionne le parcours de vie de ces « mamans ados » et conséquemment les mécanismes qui leur permettent de concilier études et maternité. La démarche repose sur une méthode qualitative. Des entretiens semi-directifs auprès de 18 jeunes filles mères scolarisées ont été conduits à Libreville, capitale gabonaise. Les jeunes filles rencontrées étaient âgées de 15 à 19 ans. Les entrevues ont été enregistrées et retranscrites. Quels sont les facteurs favorisant la conciliation études/maternité chez les jeunes filles ? Nos données ont permis de mettre en évidence quatre facteurs cruciaux à cet égard. Ces facteurs sont premièrement, une capacité d’organisation et un degré d’auto-responsabilisation très poussés chez ces jeunes filles ; deuxièmement, l’activation d’un soutien important de la part du réseau familial ; troisièmement, une implication et des aides importantes apportées par le père de l’enfant ; enfin, une valorisation affirmée de l’éducation de la part des parents de la jeune mère. Il ressort aussi de nos analyses que moyennant au moins l’un, sinon plusieurs, de ces facteurs, les jeunes mères adolescentes à Libreville parviennent à mener de front études et maternité. Cela veut dire que le décrochage scolaire chez les mères adolescentes n’est pas une fatalité si des formes d’accompagnement et de soutien existent.

Entre cahiers et biberons : les enjeux de la conciliation études/famille des mères adolescentes au Gabon

Ce travail de recherche s’est intéressé aux mères adolescentes du Gabon, pays d’Afrique Centrale. S’inscrivant en faux contre l’idée préconçue selon laquelle les grossesses à l’adolescence conduisent inéluctablement au décrochage scolaire, les résultats de recherche présentés dans ce document rendent plutôt compte d’expériences inverses, à savoir celles des mères adolescentes qui parviennent à persévérer dans leurs études. Le présent mémoire vise à comprendre et à analyser le vécu des jeunes filles mères scolarisées. Il questionne le parcours de vie de ces « mamans ados » et conséquemment les mécanismes qui leur permettent de concilier études et maternité. La démarche repose sur une méthode qualitative. Des entretiens semi-directifs auprès de 18 jeunes filles mères scolarisées ont été conduits à Libreville, capitale gabonaise. Les jeunes filles rencontrées étaient âgées de 15 à 19 ans. Les entrevues ont été enregistrées et retranscrites. Quels sont les facteurs favorisant la conciliation études/maternité chez les jeunes filles ? Nos données ont permis de mettre en évidence quatre facteurs cruciaux à cet égard. Ces facteurs sont premièrement, une capacité d’organisation et un degré d’auto-responsabilisation très poussés chez ces jeunes filles ; deuxièmement, l’activation d’un soutien important de la part du réseau familial ; troisièmement, une implication et des aides importantes apportées par le père de l’enfant ; enfin, une valorisation affirmée de l’éducation de la part des parents de la jeune mère. Il ressort aussi de nos analyses que moyennant au moins l’un, sinon plusieurs, de ces facteurs, les jeunes mères adolescentes à Libreville parviennent à mener de front études et maternité. Cela veut dire que le décrochage scolaire chez les mères adolescentes n’est pas une fatalité si des formes d’accompagnement et de soutien existent.

Sea surface productivity and temperature detected by coccolith accumulation rates from the southeastern Pacific off Chile

Recent coccoliths from 74 surface sediment samples recovered from the southeastern Pacific off Chile were examined quantitatively to investigate modern regional gradients of sea surface productivity and temperature. All findings are based on coccolith accumulation rates. Therefore an approach was designed to estimate recent sedimentation rates based on 210Pb and bulk chemistry analyses of the same set of surface samples. Highest total coccolith accumulation rates were found off north-central Chile, where seasonal upwelling takes place. Based on amultiple linear regression between calculated coccolith accumulation rates andWorld Ocean Atlas derived sea surface temperatures, a calibrationmodel to reconstruct annual average temperatures of the uppermost 75 mof thewater column is provided. Themodelwas cross-validated and the SST estimateswere compared with SST observed and SST estimates based on diatoms and planktonic foraminifera, showing a good correlation.

Lodging cluster /

Project staff: Marie French [and] Ivan Matsunaga. Cf. p. [2] of cover.