Old and new neotropical sarcophagidae (Diptera)

Cattasoma mcalpinei n. sp., Sarothromyia indivisa Lopes, Tolucamyia schrameli (Dodge) and Eucelimyia palenguensis n. sp., from México; Aphelomyia welchi (Hall) from Jamaica; Thomazomyia adunca n. sp. from Ecuadro; Eucelimyia aurigena Lopes from Chile and Thomazomyia fluminensis n. sp. from Brazil, are studied.

Three new species of neotropical Sarcophagidae (Diptera)

Three new species of Neotropical Sarcophagidae are described. Miltogrammatinae: Oebalia costarica sp. n (Costa Rica) and Senotainia trifida sp. n. (Chile), of which the latter is the first representative of the subfamily with a tripartite phallotreme. Sarcophaginae: Johnsonia woodorum sp. n. (Costa Rica, Panama).

Classificação de Phaonia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) da região neotropical: I. Considerações sobre a sinonímia de Bigotomyia Malloch, com descrição de uma espécie nova

Some considerations about the synonym of Bigotomyia Malloch, 1922 and Phaonia R.-D, 1830 are made. A new species, P. hugonis sp. n. is described from Peru and Equador.

Polynomial functors and trees

We explore the relationship between polynomial functors and trees. In the first part we characterise trees as certain polynomial functors and obtain a completely formal but at the same time conceptual and explicit construction of two categories of rooted trees, whose main properties we describe in terms of some factorisation systems. The second category is the category Ω of Moerdijk and Weiss. Although the constructions are motivated and explained in terms of polynomial functors, they all amount to elementary manipulations with finite sets. Included in Part 1 is also an explicit construction of the free monad on a polynomial endofunctor, given in terms of trees. In the second part we describe polynomial endofunctors and monads as structures built from trees, characterising the images of several nerve functors from polynomial endofunctors and monads into presheaves on categories of trees. Polynomial endofunctors and monads over a base are characterised by a sheaf condition on categories of decorated trees. In the absolute case, one further condition is needed, a projectivity condition, which serves also to characterise polynomial endofunctors and monads among (coloured) collections and operads.

New synonymy and new species in neotropical chloropidae (Diptera)

An ephydrid, Hyadina porteri Brèthes, 1919, is found to be a senior synonym of Hippelates australis Sabrosky, 1955. New combination: Liohippelates porteri (Brèthes). Two new species, Pseudogaurax souzalopesi from Peru and P. silbergliedi from Panama are described and placed in the synopsis by Sabrosky (1966).

The neotropical genus Opeatocerata Melander (Díptera, Empididae)

The Neotropical empidid genus Opeatocerata Melander, hitherto known from only a sigle female from Mexico, is redefined in the light of new material, including males. Three new species are described and illustrated, a key provided and the presence of the genus now additionally established in Costa Rica, Panama, Bolivia, Ecuador, Trinidad and Brazil.

The neotropical biting midges related to Culicoides paraensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

Culicoides paraensis (Goeldi), a common and widespread American bloodsucking midge that has been incriminated in the transmission of Mansonellosis and Oropouche Fever of humans in South America, is redescribed and figured. All published records are listed and new distribution is based on examination of extensive collections from throughout its range. Three closely related species of the subgenus Haematomyidium that have been confused with C. paraensis are briefly redescribed and figured, and a key is presented for their identification.

Two new neotropical species of predaceous midges of the tribe sphaeromiini (Diptera: ceratopogonidae)

Two new Neotropical species of the tribe Sphaeromiini are described and illustrated, Mallochohelea limitrofe from Argentina and Uruguay, and Neobezzia wirthi from Argentina. The first species is only known from the female sex, being the second one described from both, female and male specimens.

Sphaerohelea, a new neotropical predaceous nidge genus of the tribe Sphaeromiini (Diptera: ceratopogonidae)

Sphaerohelea, a new Neotropical genus of predaceous midges related to Lanehelea, Spnaeromias, Chelohelea, Phaenobezzia and Leehelea is described and illustrated and ilustrated from female specimens. This new genus includes only one species, Sphaerohelea biestroi n. sp. from northeastern Argentina as a type-species.

Life history studies of heterophyid Trematodes in the neotropical region: Ascocotyle (Leighia) hadra sp.n

The life cycle of Ascocotyle (Leighia) hadra n.sp. was experimentally reproduced, starting from cercariae from naturally infected Littoridina parchappei, collected from Los Ranchos stream, near Mercedes city, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Metacercariae were found encysted in the liver and mesentery of experimentally and naturally infected fishes Cnesterodon decemmaculatus and Jenynsia lineata. Adults were obtained experimentally in chicks and mice. The natural host is unknown. The new species is compared with Ascocotyle (Leighia) mcintoshi Price 1936 as described by Leigh, 1974, differing in behavior and morphology of cercarial, metacercarial and adult stages

Downeshelea bicornis, a new neotropical predaceous midge from Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

A new Brazilian species of Downeshelea Wirth & Grogan, D. bicornis, is described and illustrated from a male specimen

Two new neotropical species of Monohelea Kieffer and Downeshelea Wirth & Grogan (Diptera: Ceratipogonidae)

Two new Neotropical predaceous midges are described and illustrated, Downeshelea charrua from Uruguay, and Monohelea bidenata from Argentina. The first species is described from female and male specimens; only one male is know from the second.

Level-wise node size distribution of randomly generated regular trees

"Vegeu el resum a l'inici del document del fitxer adjunt."

The use of classification and regression trees to predict the likelihood of seasonal influenza.

Background Individual signs and symptoms are of limited value for the diagnosis of influenza. Objective To develop a decision tree for the diagnosis of influenza based on a classification and regression tree (CART) analysis. Methods Data from two previous similar cohort studies were assembled into a single dataset. The data were randomly divided into a development set (70%) and a validation set (30%). We used CART analysis to develop three models that maximize the number of patients who do not require diagnostic testing prior to treatment decisions. The validation set was used to evaluate overfitting of the model to the training set. Results Model 1 has seven terminal nodes based on temperature, the onset of symptoms and the presence of chills, cough and myalgia. Model 2 was a simpler tree with only two splits based on temperature and the presence of chills. Model 3 was developed with temperature as a dichotomous variable (≥38°C) and had only two splits based on the presence of fever and myalgia. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCC) for the development and validation sets, respectively, were 0.82 and 0.80 for Model 1, 0.75 and 0.76 for Model 2 and 0.76 and 0.77 for Model 3. Model 2 classified 67% of patients in the validation group into a high- or low-risk group compared with only 38% for Model 1 and 54% for Model 3. Conclusions A simple decision tree (Model 2) classified two-thirds of patients as low or high risk and had an AUROCC of 0.76. After further validation in an independent population, this CART model could support clinical decision making regarding influenza, with low-risk patients requiring no further evaluation for influenza and high-risk patients being candidates for empiric symptomatic or drug therapy.