979 resultados para minutes 25.4


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In this paper a hydrodynamic approach is used to analyse carefully the flow field inChandler loop--the artificial thrombus formation. The results obtained show that near thelower meniscus where the thrombus is formed, there is a back flow accompanied with asecondary flow and its mainflow is toward the meniscus, thus providing a favourable condi-tion for corpuscle aggregation. Our finding is valuable for studying the mechanism ofthrombus formation in artificial organ and in vivo.

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针对引发振动的流与置于砂基上的管道淘蚀的相互作用问题,应用小尺度模型进行了试验研究。作为试验模型的管段由弹簧悬挂,管段淹没在水流中,并可在水平和垂直方向自由移动,依此研究管道系统的振动特性与淘蚀发展的关系。结合工程实践中的典型情况,应用相似比理论,建立起可在水槽中进行的试验模型。由这项研究所建立的方法不仅给出了管道下砂基动态淘蚀的机理,而且可为海底管道的概念设计提供参考性依据。

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针对裸露悬跨海底管道,考虑线弹性海床刚度,利用梁的小挠度理论,研究管道在自重作用下的变形和内力,推导给出了未脱离海床的管道段和悬跨管道段的变形和内力公式。在跨度较大的悬跨情况下,悬跨管道段较大的向下弯曲变形可能引起海床上管道脱离海床而翘起。建立管道翘起的判定准则,对于翘起情况推导相应的计算公式,通过算例给出翘起情况下管道的变形和内力。通过计算分析发现:工程上多数悬跨是翘起情况,没有翘起的计算公式只适应于跨度较小的悬跨管道。同时翘起情况下不同海床刚度对悬跨管道无量纲内力影响不大。

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在哈密顿体系下建立曲线形水中悬浮隧道的运动方程,即哈密顿正则方程.用哈密顿混合能变分原理处理曲线形水中悬浮隧道的两端边界条件以及径向布设的张力腿弹性支承,建立满足边界条件的线性方程组,采用分离变量法和本征向量展开法求解哈密顿正则方程.为曲线形水中悬浮隧道的动力响应分析提供一类方法.最后结合案例,运用辛方法分析波浪作用下曲线形水中悬浮隧道的弯矩和扭矩,结果表明,可以忽略扭矩对弯矩的影响.

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在化学氧碘激光的混合喷管内发生的是一个气体动力学、化学反应动力学以及光学等相互耦合的复杂过程,每个过程都对COIL性能有着至关重要的影响.利用三维CFD技术,通过求解层流Navier-Stokes方程与组分输运方程,对简化后的化学氧碘激光RADICL模型进行数值模拟与分析,对COIL的气动和增益特性进行探讨.在不同的射流穿透条件下,计算COIL混合喷管中的混合与化学反应过程,发现穿透深度决定了增益的分布特性以及过度穿透条件下的非定常结构,

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"第四届世界生物力学大会"(4~(th)World Congress on Biomechanics)于2002年8月3~11日在加拿大卡尔加里(Calgary,Canada)召开.会议主办单位为卡尔加里大学,参会人数约1 600人.参加会议的主要国家包括:美、英、德、日、加、意、法、中国和中国香港等50余国家和地区.会议交流的论文篇数约为1680篇(含口头报告及墙展).中国中科院力学所、中日友好医院、四川大学、重庆大学等6位学者参加了本次会议.所发表的工作分别涉及细胞与分子生物力学、假肢生物力学、白细胞力学-生物学耦合、血流动力学等方面,其研究工作在整体上符合当前本领域的发展方向,有的工作具有国际竞争性,会议的反响是肯定的.作者在"分子与细胞生物力学"(Molecular and Cellular Biomechanics)分会上做了口头报告和墙报展讲.

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采用三维离散元方法,模拟含节理岩块的单轴受压试验。并针对节理空间分布,给出了解析解与数值计算比较的结果,验证了数值模拟的正确性。当节理正交时,离散元与有限元的计算结果一致。计算结果定量地说明了岩体的各向异性和尺寸效应。

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从液滴平衡条件推导出严格意义的Kelvin方程,验证了其在宏观尺度可以转化为经典形式.利用Tolman方程,在考虑表面张力与曲率半径关系的条件下,给出在液体压缩性可忽略时,饱和蒸气压、蒸气密度、蒸气摩尔体积和曲率半径等关系;液体压缩性不可忽略时,得出以等温压缩系数和Tolman长度表示的饱和蒸气压与液滴半径的关系.

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Adhesive contact model between an elastic cylinder and an elastic half space is studied in the present paper, in which an external pulling force is acted on the above cylinder with an arbitrary direction and the contact width is assumed to be asymmetric with respect to the structure. Solutions to the asymmetric model are obtained and the effect of the asymmetric contact width on the whole pulling process is mainly discussed. It is found that the smaller the absolute value of Dundurs' parameter beta or the larger the pulling angle theta, the more reasonable the symmetric model would be to approximate the asymmetric one.

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4 p.

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Self-trapping, stopping, and absorption of an ultrashort ultraintense linearly polarized laser pulse in a finite plasma slab of near-critical density is investigated by particle-in-cell simulation. As in the underdense plasma, an electron cavity is created by the pressure of the transmitted part of the light pulse and it traps the latter. Since the background plasma is at near-critical density, no wake plasma oscillation is created. The propagating self-trapped light rapidly comes to a stop inside the slab. Subsequent ion Coulomb explosion of the stopped cavity leads to explosive expulsion of its ions and formation of an extended channel having extremely low plasma density. The energetic Coulomb-exploded ions form shock layers of high density and temperature at the channel boundary. In contrast to a propagating pulse in a lower density plasma, here the energy of the trapped light is deposited onto a stationary and highly localized region of the plasma. This highly localized energy-deposition process can be relevant to the fast ignition scheme of inertial fusion.

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这篇文章回顾了近20以来激光冷却原子气体的发展历史,同时概述了激光冷却的各种物理机制,还介绍了超冷原子物理在量子物理学和高科技应用中所取得的重要成就,包括气体原子的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚、原子钟和原子干涉仪。

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在飞秒抽运一探测光谱技术中,空间分辨的探测光信号反映了在不同空间位置的材料的非线性效应。当抽运光强度增大时,探测光信号中会出现明显的高阶特别是五阶非线性效应。利用劈裂算子方法直接解决了一维非线性传播方程的问题。在数值模拟中,研究了在不同抽运强度和位置下的抽运一探测过程中的五阶非线性效应。在足够高的抽运场下,探测信号出现清晰的振荡,显示了三阶和五阶非线性效应之间的干涉。当空间位置离抽运场中心足够远时,五阶比三阶非线性效应的衰减快得多,对其物理机制和趋势进行了定性的讨论。

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在用大口径、长焦距平行光管模拟激光远场特性时,其光组透镜在重力作用下的变形不能忽略,为了分析对出射光束质量的影响,采用有限元分析软件“ANSYS”建立了平行光管光组中声400mm平凸透镜的有限元模型,给出一种分析透镜轴向变形引起的波像差的方法,在不同工况下,计算了平凸透镜在重力作用下轴向变形的峰谷值和均方根值,对轴向变形量均方根值最小工况画出了透镜表面变形的等值线图,计算了声350mm通光口径内的波像差峰谷值和均方根值,对平行光管光组的波像差做出估计,验证了设计的合理性。