Research on color matching of LED backlight for large-color-gamut LCD application - art. no. 68410Y

Comparing with the conventional CCFL (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp) backlight, three-basic-color LEDs backlight has some advantages such as good color reproduction, long life and lead free etc. Theoretically, the color gamut is determined by x, y coordinates of the three basic colors in CIE chromaticity diagram, and the x, y coordinates of each basic color can derived from the relative spectrum distribution (RSD) of the LED. In this paper, the red, green and blue LEDs' RSD models are established to calculate and analyze the color gamut of a backlight. By simulating those models, the relationships that the color gamut of a LED backlight varies with each color are analyzed, and the optimum combination of three colors is obtained within the given wavelengths ranges. Moreover, the combinations of three colors for the gamut of 115% NTSC and 110% NTSC are plotted in pictures, respectively.

A Novel CMOS Color Pixel for Vision Chips

This paper presents a novel CMOS color pixel with a 2D metal-grating structure for real-time vision chips. It consists of an N-well/P-substrate diode without salicide and 2D metal-grating layers on the diode. The periods of the 2D metal structure are controlled to realize color filtering. We implemented sixteen kinds of the pixels with the different metal-grating structures in a standard 0.18 mu m CMOS process. The measured results demonstrate that the N-well/P-substrate diode without salicide and with the 2D metal-grating structures can serve as the high speed RGB color active pixel sensor for real-time vision chips well.

Two-color quantum well infrared photodetector simultaneously working at 10-14 mu m

We have demonstrated a two-color quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) exhibiting simultaneous photoresponse with cutoff wavelengths at 11.8 and 14.5 mu m, respectively. Strong photocurrent signals are observed at temperature of 77 K. The simultaneous two-color photoresponse is achieved by utilizing a simple design by broadening the width of the quantum well and selecting an appropriate doping density. The two peaks are attributed to the intersubband transitions from the ground state to the first excited state (bound state) and to the fifth excited state (continuum state), respectively.

Radiation-matter oscillations in attosecond polarization beats using twin color-locked noisy lights

Based on the phase-conjugate polarization interference between two one-photon processes. When the laser has broadband linewidth, the sum-frequency polarization beat (SFPB) signal shows the autocorrelation of SFPB exhibits hybrid radiation-matter detuning terahertz damping oscillation. As an attosecond ultrafast modulation process, it can be extended intrinsically to any sum-frequency of energy-levels. It hits been also found that the asymmetric behaviors of the polarization beat signals result from the unbalanced dispersion effects, (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Two-photon asymmetric color-locking second-order stochastic correlation of attosecond polarization beats

Based on the phase-conjugation polarization interference between two two-photon processes, we theoretically investigated the attosecond scale asymmetry sum-frequency polarization beat in four-level system (FASPB). The field correlation has weak influence on the FASPB signal when the laser has narrow bandwidth. Conversely, when the laser has broadband linewidth, the FASPB signal shows resonance-nonresonance cross correlation. The two-photon signal exhibits hybrid radiation-matter detuning terahertz; damping oscillation, i.e., when the laser frequency is off resonance from the two-photon transition, the signal exhibits damping oscillation and the profile of the two-photon self-correlation signal also exhibits zero time-delay asymmetry of the maxima. We have also investigated the asymmetry of attosecond polarization beat caused by the shift of the two-photon self-correlation zero time-delay phenomenon, in which the maxima of the two two-photon signals are shifted from zero time-delay point to opposite directions. As an attosecond ultrafast modulation process, FASPB can be intrinsically extended to any level-summation systems of two dipolar forbidden excited states.

Color center conversion by femtosecond pulse laser irradiation in LiF : F-2 crystals

We report the observation of intense spontaneous emission of green light from LiF:F-2:F-3(+) centers in active channel waveguides generated in lithium fluoride crystals by near-infrared femtosecond laser radiation. While irradiating the crystal at room temperature with 405 nm light from a laser diode, yellow and green emission was seen by the naked eye. Stripe waveguides were fabricated by translating the crystal along the irradiated laser pulse, and their guiding properties and fluorescence spectra at 540 nm demonstrated. This single-step process inducing a waveguide structure offers a good prospect for the development of a waveguide laser in bulk LiF crystals.

A voltage-controlled tunable two-color infrared photodetector using GaAs/AlAs/GaAlAs and GaAs/GaAlAs stacked multiquantum wells

A voltage-controlled tunable two-color infrared detector with photovoltaic (PV) and photoconductive (PC) dual-mode operation at 3-5 mu m and 8-14 mu m using GaAs/AlAs/AlGaAs double barrier quantum wells (DBQWs) and bound-to-continuum GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells is demonstrated. The photoresponse peak of the photovoltaic GaAs/AlAs/GaAlAs DBQWs is at 5.3 mu m, and that of the photoconductive GaAs/GaAlAs quantum wells is at 9.0 mu m. When the two-color detector is under a zero bias, the spectral response at 5.3 mu m is close to saturate and the peak detectivity at 80 K can reach 1.0X10(11) cmHz(1/2)/W, while the spectral photoresponsivity at 9.0 mu m is absolutely zero completely. When the external voltage of the two-color detector is changed to 2.0 V, the spectral photoresponsivity at 5.3 mu m becomes zero while the spectral photoresponsivity at 9.0 mu m increases comparable to that at 5.3 mu m under zero bias, and the peak detectivity (9.0 mu m) at 80 K can reach 1.5X10(10) cmHz(1/2)/W. Strictly speaking, this is a real bias-controlled tunable two-color infrared photodetector. We have proposed a model based on the PV and PC dual-mode operation of stacked two-color QWIPs and the effects of tunneling resonance with narrow energy width of photoexcited electrons in DBQWs, which can explain qualitatively the voltage-controlled tunable behavior of the photoresponse of the two-color infrared photodetector. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics.

Flower color chimera and abnormal leaf mutants induced by C-12(6+) heavy ions in Salvia splendens Ker-Gawl.

The effect of C-12(6+) heavy ions bombardment on mutagenesis in Salvia splendens Ker-Gawl. was studied. Dose-response studies indicated that there was a peak of malformation frequency of S. splendens at 200 Gy. Abnormal leaf mutants of the bileaf, trileaf and tetraleaf conglutination were selected. Meanwhile, a bicolor flower chimera with dark red and fresh red flower was isolated in M1 generation of S. splendens. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis demonstrated that DNA variations existed among the wild-type, fresh and dark red flower shoots of the chimera. The dark red flower shoots of the chimera were conserved and cultivated at a large-scale through micropropagation. MS supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BA and 0.3 mg/L NAA was the optimal medium in which the maximum proliferation ratio (5.2-fold) and rooting rate (88%) were achieved after 6 weeks. Our findings provide an important method to improve the ornamental quality of S. splendens.