Les gravures françaises du XVIIIe siècle; ou, Catalogue raisonné des estampes, caux-fortes, pièces en coleur, au bistre et au lavis, de 1700 à 1800,

Rensignements bibliographiques" at beginning of each volume.

A century sermon, preached before the First Church in Windham, December 10, A.D. 1800. In commemoration of its institution, December 10, A.D. 1700. Containing historical facts, relative to its settlement and progress. /

Sabin

VOLUMES RELIES du Cabinet des titres : recherches de noblesse, armoriaux, preuves, histoires généalogiques. « Mémoires de la Généralité de Paris, par M. PHELYPEAUX, intendant de cette Généralité en 1700 ».

Contient : « Mémoire pour Mrs les Maîtres des requestes, commissaires départis dans les provinces »

Suuresta suvusta pieneen perheeseen : itäsuomalainen perhe 1700-luvulla

Summary: From joint family to nuclear family

Suomen suruisen kansan, ynnä Pohjan peräläisten, Waikia walitus-runo...

Teos kuulunut Turun Akatemian kirjastolle; pelastunut Turun palosta 1827.

St. Petersburg Court Chant and the Tradition of Eastern Slavic Church Singing

The present study examines the repertory of liturgical chant known as St. Petersburg Court Chant which emerged within the Imperial Court of St. Petersburg, Russia, and appeared in print in a number of revisions during the course of the 19th century, eventually to spread throughout the Russian Empire and even abroad. The study seeks answers to questions on the essence and composition of Court Chant, its history and liturgical background, and most importantly, its musical relationship to other repertories of Eastern Slavic chant. The research questions emerge from previous literary accounts of Court Chant (summarized in the Introduction), which have tended to be inaccurate and generally not based on critical research. The study is divided into eight main chapters. Chapter 1 provides a survey of the history of Eastern Slavic chant and the Imperial Court Chapel of St. Petersburg until 1917, with special emphasis on the history of singing traditional chant in polyphony, the status of the Court Chapel as a government authority, and its endeavours in publishing church music. Chapter 2 deals with the liturgical background of Eastern chant, the chant genres, and main repertories of Eastern Slavic chant. Chapter 3 concentrates on chant sources: it introduces the musical notations utilised, after which a typology of chant books is presented. The discussion continues with a survey of the sources of Court Chant and their content, the specimens selected for closer analysis, the comparative materials from other repertories, and ends with a commentary on some chant sources that have been excluded. The comparative sources include a specimen from around the beginning of the 12th century, a few manuscripts from the 17th century, and printed and manuscript chant books from the early 18th to early 20th century, covering the geographical area that delimits to the western Ukraine, Astrakhan, Nizhny Novgorod, and the Solovetsky Monastery. Chapter 4 presents the approach and methods used in the subsequent analytical comparisons. After a survey of the pitch organization of Eastern Slavic chant, the customary harmonization strategy of traditional chant polyphony is examined, according to which a method for meaningful analysis of the harmony is proposed. The method is based on the observation that the harmonic framework of chant polyphony derives from the standard pitch collection of monodic chant known as the Church Gamut, specific pitches of which form eight harmonic regions that behave like the usual tonalities of major and harmonic minor. Because of the considerable quantity of comparative chant forms, computer-assisted statistical methods are applied to the analysis of chant melodies. The primary chant forms and their respective comparative forms have been pre-processed into reduced chant prototypes and divided into redactions. The analyses are carried out by measuring the formal dissimilarities of the primary chant forms of the Court Chant repertory against each comparative form, and also by measuring the reciprocal dissimilarities of all chant versions in a redaction, the results of which are subjected to agglomerative hierarchical clustering in order to find out how the chant forms relate to each other. The dissimilarities are determined by applying a metric dissimilarity function that is based on the Levenshtein Distance. Chapter 5 provides the melodic and harmonic analyses of generic chants (chants used for multiple texts of different lengths), i.e., chants for stichera samoglasny and troparia, Chapter 6 of pseudo-generic chants (chants that are used for multiple texts but with certain restrictions), i.e., chants for heirmoi, prokeimena, and three other hymns, and Chapter 7 of non-generic chants, covering nine chants that in the Court repertory are not shared by multiple texts. The results are summarized and evaluated in Chapter 8. Accordingly, it can be established that, contrary to previous conceptions, melodically, Court Chant is in effect a full part of the wider Eastern Slavic chant tradition. Even if it is somewhat detached from the chant versions of the Synodal square-note chant books and the local tradition of Moscow, it is particularly close to chant forms of East Ukraine and some vernacular repertories from Russia. Respectively, the harmonization strategies of Court Chant do not show significant individuality in comparison with those of the available polyphonic comparative sources, the main difference being the part-writing, which generally conforms to western common practice standard, whereas the deviations from this tend to be more significant in other analysed repertories of polyphonic chant. Thus, insofar as the subsequent prevalence of Court Chant is not based on its forceful dissemination by authorities (as suggested in previous literature but for which little tangible evidence could be found in Chapter 1), in the present author’s interpretation, Court Chant attained its dominance principally because musically it was considered sufficiently traditional, and as a chant body supported by the government, was conveniently available in print in serviceable harmonizations.

Nova & accuratissima totus terrarum orbis tabula nautica variationum magneticarum index juxta observationes anno 1700 habitas

Julkaisussa: Atlas van zeevaert en koophandel door de geheele weereldt

Tabula totius orbis terrarum exhibens declinationes magneticas, ad annum 1700 composita ab Edmundo Halleyo simul cum inclinationibus a poundio observatis et ventis universalibus

Nimeketiedot nimiönkehyksissä

”Highlandman, show me the way”: Skotlannin ylämaiden klaanien värväytyminen Ison- Britannian armeijan ylämaalaisrykmentteihin 1700-luvulla

Skotlannin ylämaiden klaaneista värvättiin ylämaalaisrykmenttejä Ison-Britannian armeijaan 1700-luvulta alkaen. Tutkimuksessa selvitetään rykmenttien vaikutusta ylämaiden sotilasperinteisiin, yhteiskuntaan ja kansallisen identiteetin luomiseen. Tutkimus keskittyy ylämaalaisrykmenttien muodostamisen ja vakiinnuttamisen vaiheeseen, joka päättyy Napoleonin sotiin. Loppupäätelmänä esitetään, että ylämaalaisrykmenteillä oli merkittävä vaikutus Skotlannin kansalliseen identiteettiin.Aineistona käytetään 1700-luvulla ja 1800-luvun alussa kirjoitettuja kuvauksia ylämaalaisista sotilaina. Etupäässä sotilaskirjoittajien kirjoittamat tekstit käsittelevät ylämaalaisten luonnetta, taktiikoita ja soveltuvuutta sodankäyntiin. Merkittävin yksittäinen lähde on eversti David Stewartin kaksiosainen teos Sketches of the Character, Manners, and Present State of the Highlanders of Scotland. Alkuperäisaineistoa vertaillaan aikaisempaan sotahistoriaa, Skotlannin ylämaita ja Ison-Britannian kansallisuusajattelua käsittelevään tutkimukseen. Tutkimuksen tuloksena todetaan, että ylämaiden poikkeavat taistelutavat olivat ongelma Ison-Britannian armeijalle. Ylämaalaisten värväämisellä omiin rykmentteihinsä integroitiin ylämaiden aatelistoa osaksi valtiokoneistoa ja suunnattiin levottoman seudun miesvoimaa ulkopuolisia vihollisia vastaan. Ylämaiden klaanien perinteiset sotilastaktiikat muuttuivat Ison-Britannian armeijan mukaisiksi, mutta henkilökohtaisen urheuden arvostus ja innokkuus käydä lähitaisteluun säilyivät. Klaanien eduksi katsottu nopea strateginen liikkuvuus kuitenkin katosi osana raskasliikkeisempää armeijaa.Osana Ison-Britannian armeijaa Skotlannin ylämaihin liitetyt piirteet, kuten mielikuvat klaaneista, tartaaneista ja säkkipilleistä, levisivät kaikkialle Ison-Britannian toiminnan alueille. Mielikuvien lisäksi osa rykmenttien sotilaista asettui asumaan siirtomaihin, vieden mukanaan ylämaiden kulttuuria. Ylämaiden kulttuurin saadessa kansainvälistä näkyvyyttä Skotlannin perinteinen kulttuurinen jako ylä- ja alamaihin alkoi hälvetä, ja ylämaalaisen kulttuurin ulkoisista piirteistä tuli skotlantilaisen kulttuurin tunnusmerkkejä. Ison-Britannian armeijan osaksi siirtyminen kitki klaanien sotilasperinteitä pois, mutta tarjosi mahdollisuuden ilmaista skotlantilaista identiteettiä poikkeavalla asepuvulla. Ylämaalaisrykmenttien perustaminen sitoi entisen rajaseudun Ison-Britannian osaksi, mutta oli myös osaltaan luomassa skotlantilaista identiteettiä.

Récit de visites faites à MM. Du Guet et Boileau, en 1700, par une visionnaire, Catherine d'Almayrac, du diocèse de Rodez, appelée aussi Mlle Rose, ou Mlle de Ste-Croix.

Contient : Lettres relatives à une autre visionnaire, Marie Benoist, ou Bucaille, de Cherbourg (1699)

Detrital Zircon Evidence for Mixing of Mazatzal Province Age Detritus With Yavapai Age (ca. 1700-1740 Ma) and Older Detritus in the ca. 1650 Ma Mazatzal Province of Central New Mexico, USA

Preliminary detrital zircon age distributions from Mazatzal crustal province quartzite and schist exposed in the Manzano Mountains and Pedernal Hills of central New Mexico are consistent with a mixture of detritus from Mazatzal age (ca. 1650 Ma), Yavapai age (ca. 1720 Ma.), and older sources. A quartzite sample from the Blue Springs Formation in the Manzano Mountains yielding 67 concordant grain analyses shows two dominant age peaks of 1737 Ma and 1791 Ma with a minimum peak age of 1652 Ma. Quartzite and micaceous quartzite samples from near Pedernal Peak give unimodal peak ages of ca. 1695 Ma and 1738 Ma with minimum detrital zircon ages of ca. 1625 Ma and 1680 Ma, respectively. A schist sample from the southern exposures of the Pedernal Hills area gives a unimodal peak age of 1680 Ma with a minimum age of ca. 1635 Ma. Minor amounts of older detritus (>1800 Ma) possibly reflect Trans-Hudson, Wyoming, Mojave Province, and older Archean sources and aid in locating potential source terrains for these detrital zircon. The Blue Springs Formation metarhyolite from near the top of the Proterozoic section in the Manzano Mountains yields 71 concordant grains that show a preliminary U-Pb zircon crystallization age of 1621 ¿ 5 Ma, which provides a minimum age constraint for deposition in the Manzano Mountains. Normalized probability plots from this study are similar to previously reported age distributions in the Burro and San Andres Mountains in southern New Mexico and suggest that Yavapai Province age detritus was deposited and intermingled with Mazatzal Province age detritus across much of the Mazatzal crustal province in New Mexico. This data shows that the tectonic evolution of southwestern Laurentia is associated with multiple orogenic events. Regional metamorphism and deformation in the area must postdate the Mazatzal Orogeny and ca. 1610 Ma ¿ 1620 Ma rhyolite crystallization and is attributed to the Mesoproterozoic ca. 1400 ¿ 1480 Ma Picuris Orogeny.