Estratégias internacionais da fruticultura do RN: o caso finobrasa processo e evolução

The present inquiry has as main objective to understand the process of formation of the international strategies of the exporting companies of fruits of the RN through the theory of the resource dependence. Aiming at to clarify as the companies they can carry through the process of internationalization through this theory had been study the behavior and economic theories of the process of internationalization of companies. Amongst the economic theories they are distinguished the eclectic paradigm of Dunning (1958), Vernon (1669) through the theory of the cycle of the product and Bucley and Casson (1979) with the theory of the international operations. In the mannering boarding they had been investigated the school of Upsala through Johanson and Valnhe (1977) with the concept of the increasing of the markets and in the distance psychic starts and the interaction of the purchaser-salesman of Hallen and Wiedersheim-Paul (1979). In this perspective it observes main the occured changes in the organization in function of this process, following the rules observed by the gradual ingression in the international market, having as base ways of entrances in the external market used by these companies, in view of the frist phase that the company presents of businesses. Ahead of you analyze of these theories the study searches to analyze the convergence of the concepts proclaimed for the theory of the dependence of resources (PFEFFER; SALANCIK, 1978). and strategies of internationalization of the companies. The research is characterized as qualitative case study which adopts and exploratory and analytical type, retrospective matrix. The adopted strategy is of case study and the unit of analysis consisting of the Finobrasa, pertaining company to the Vicunha Group. The main method of collection of data was halfstructuralized interview allied the documentary research that together had presented an empirical perspective of the internationalization process. The analysis and quarrel of the results understand the description and the interpretation of the one of the information through the technique of analyzes of content. Initially the historical of the exportation of fruits of the Rio Grande do Norte with the focus in the region Açu/Mossoró is presented and after that the information of the Finobrasa are presented as base of the study. The main events are identified that had constituted the phases of the strategical model of the company. It was observed that the dimensions most excellent amongst those proclaimed by the School of Uppsala had been the learning, staffs and the step-starts is sufficiently gifts in the reality of the company, as well as the aspects of strategical alliances since the consolidated relationship of the Vicunha Group create a more solid trajectory in the international market allied the conditions created windows of marked . One understands, therefore, that the investigated process still has base the theoretical theories of the internationalization strategies corroborating for the theoretical convergence of the rules proclaimed for the theory of the dependence of resources.

Analyse des conséquences sociales québécoises de l’exportation d’eau en vrac du Québec vers les États-Unis

L’eau est un enjeu majeur en environnement autant d’un point de vue de sa qualité que de sa quantité. Cependant, des pénuries d’eau douce se font de plus en plus sentir à travers le monde. Par ailleurs, les États-Unis n’en sont pas exemptés. En effet, l’ouest du pays constate que les réserves diminuent constamment. Dans le passé, une compagnie californienne s’était déjà tournée vers le Canada afin d’en acheter une certaine quantité en vrac dans le dessein d’en assurer son approvisionnement. Le Québec, étant un voisin des Américains, ne peut se permettre d’écarter la question de l’exportation d’eau en vrac, d’autant plus qu’il est évident qu’une activité de cette envergure crée des impacts sur l’environnement et la société. C’est pourquoi cet essai a pour objectif d’identifier si la vente de l’eau douce en vrac du Québec vers les États-Unis implique des conséquences pour les citoyens québécois. Une analyse multicritère a été réalisée afin d’atteindre l’objectif principal de cet l’essai. Cette dernière consiste en l’évaluation des différents aspects de l’exportation d’eau douce selon une optique sociale. Ainsi, neuf critères ont été créés. Ils sont répartis en quatre catégories, soit sociale, économique, législative et les relations internationales. Suite aux résultats obtenus lors de l’évaluation des critères, il est possible d’affirmer que la vente de l’eau québécoise aurait des incidences sur la population. Cette analyse nous permet de conclure que, d’un côté, les citoyens accordent une grande valeur à la ressource et qu’ils seraient plutôt d’accord à exporter l’eau. Néanmoins, d’un autre côté, les critères concernant la relation de pouvoir entre le pays amont et celui aval ainsi que les conséquences qu’implique l’Accord de libre-échange nord-américain viennent causer des répercussions négatives pour les citoyens. Les principales conséquences négatives concernent davantage le milieu international. Par contre, le Québec a peu ou pas d’influence à ce niveau, c’est pourquoi l’ensemble des recommandations effectuées porte sur des dispositions que la province pourrait envisager à l’interne afin de limiter les incidences sur sa population et son environnement. L’accent est donc mis sur des mesures permettant de mieux gérer la ressource et de la consommer de manière responsable. Ainsi, il est recommandé de mettre en place une gestion intégrée de l’eau par bassin versant, de fixer une quantité maximale pour l’exportation, d’installer des compteurs d’eau, de revoir la facturation de l’eau et, finalement, communiquer l’information aux citoyens dans l’optique de les renseigner, mais aussi de les impliquer dans la protection de l’eau au Québec.

Burocracia e comércio exterior: os desafios à exportação sob a ótica das micro e pequenas empresas exportadoras do Rio Grande do Norte

As micro e pequenas empresas, ao mesmo tempo em que exercem um papel extremamente relevante na estrutura produtiva da economia brasileira pelo grande número de empreendedores existentes e expressivo volume de pessoal ocupado, perdem competitividade ao se deparar com entraves ao seu desenvolvimento, sejam eles em âmbito gerencial, financeiro, burocrático ou estrutural. Com base nesse contexto, o estudo procura identificar em que medida, na percepção das MPEs exportadoras do Rio Grande do Norte, as exigências burocráticas do processo exportador afetam o seu desempenho no comércio exterior. Como exigências burocráticas compreende-se o conjunto de normas, regras e procedimentos e documentos que disciplinam o processo exportador, enquanto desempenho é entendido como os resultados da atividade econômica medido através do crescimento das vendas para o mercado externo; das demandas de produtos exportados não atendidas e da ampliação do mercado internacional. A pesquisa realizada é de caráter censitário, desenvolvida junto a quatorze MPEs do estado, atuantes regularmente no comércio exterior nos últimos três anos (2009-2011), utilizando aplicação de questionário, assim como uma consulta a dados secundários disponíveis. A análise dos dados levantados revelou que, efetivamente, na percepção dos respondentes, fatores externos como o custo do processo de exportação, falta de incentivo do governo, excesso de controle dos órgãos públicos e a infraestrutura logística do estado exercem influência na pequena participação das MPEs nas exportações do Brasil e do Nordeste, enquanto o bom desempenho exportador destas relaciona-se a fatores gerenciais, com destaque para investimentos na estrutura organizacional da empresa, conhecimento do mercado internacional e bom relacionamento com clientes e mercados

Imprensa brasileira no ocaso da belle époque

A Grande Guerra foi o acontecimento ápice de tensões acumuladas entre as potências da Europa ainda no começo da segunda década do século XX. O conflito deflagrado no verão de 1914 expandiu-se e envolveu nações de outros continentes, tornando-o mundial, com repercussões que extrapolaram os mais de quatro anos de batalhas oficiais – atualmente pode-se concluir que a Segunda Guerra Mundial nada mais foi do que a segunda parte de um conflito que não acabou de forma a contentar todos os países beligerantes. Entretanto, a Grande Guerra também demarcou o final de uma era conhecida como belle époque, um tempo que simbolicamente representava o apogeu cultural, econômico e social na Europa, inspirador do modelo civilizador em nações no novo mundo, inclusive no Brasil. Na Amazônia, sobretudo na capital do Estado do Pará, Belém, vivia-se ainda sob o imaginário da era da abundância provocada pela exportação da borracha nativa, cujo inicio ocorreu no final do século XIX e na primeira década do século passado. Nesse cenário, desenvolveu-se um jornalismo forte e muito sintonizado com as questões nacionais, regionais e de além-mar. Formado por intelectuais, políticos e escritores, o jornalismo paraense cobriu de forma sistemática os acontecimentos em torno da Grande Guerra, desde a morte do herdeiro do trono do Império Austro-húngaro, Francisco Ferdinando, até a paz ser selada. Com base neste panorâma, o objetivo desta investigação centra-se no esforço para compreender a natureza da cobertura jornalística dos jornais paraenses acerca da Primeira Guerra Mundial, tendo como objeto de análise três jornais diários que circulavam à época: Estado do Pará, Folha do Norte e A Tarde. Os dois primeiros eram jornais generalistas e de longo período de circulação. O terceiro foi um jornal vespertino, publicado entre setembro de 1915 e setembro de 1916, portanto, de caráter ocasional. Para alcançar esse objetivo, a metodologia usada compreende as análises quantitativa e qualitativa de conteúdo, conforme descrito por Sousa (2006). A primeira parte das análises centra-se em avaliar os dados relativos ao número de peças, de espaços dedicados ao tema da guerra, entre outros aspectos quantificáveis. Na segunda parte usou-se a análise qualitativa com base no estudo do diálogo establecido entre os aspectos da historiografia e os achados jornalísticos nos três jornais.

Optimization of osmotic dehydration of papaya followed by air-drying

FERNANDES, Fabiano A. N. et al. Optimization of Osmotic Dehydration of Papaya of followed by air-drying. Food Research Internation, v. 39, p. 492-498, 2006.

Algunas consideraciones para la preparación de la pequeña y mediana empresa exportadora

El artículo describe el escenario comercial actual en que actúan las pequeñas y medianas empresas y señala los tipos de exportación que pueden utilizar las compañías que deseen insertarse en los mercados externos. Explica las condiciones subjetivas y objetivas que debe considerar las firmas al prepararse para participar en el proceso exportador, tales como los recursos financieros y humanos, las alianzas, la tecnología, la logística, la información, la producción, la gestión de la organización, la capacitación técnica, la experiencia y la infraestructura, entre otros, así como las ventajas y desafíos que enfrentan las empresas en las actividades comerciales internacionales. Abstract This article describes the current trade scenario where small and mid enterprises acts and emphasizes on the types of exportations companies can use to be part in international markets. At the same time, this scenario explains the subjective and objective conditions must be taken into account all firms to prepare themselves to participate in export processes, such as financial resources, strategic alliances, technology, information, production, organization process, technical training, expertise and infraestructure, among others as advantages and challenges enterprises faces in all international trade activities.

Produção de biomassa e exportação de nutrientes de Eucalyptus grandis e E. urophylla

Scientific research in forest production technology area search techniques that increase production per unit area, with high economic viability and reducing environmental impacts. When dealing with forest plantations, studies are needed in the production of biomass and its nutrient content, and these are data parameters for planning the environmental implications of different intensities of forest harvesting. Given the above, this study aimed to elucidate the production and export of biomass and nutrients for two species of the genus Eucalyptus (E. grandis and E. urophylla) grown in the southwestern region of Parana. For this, it was evaluated: the stock of biomass and nutrients in eucalyptus (wood, bark, branches and leaves) at 60 months of age; the export rate of nutrients; the calorific value and economic viability. The biomass and the largest eucalyptus nutrient stocks are predominantly allocated to the stem (wood + bark). The components of biomass showed different chemical compositions, generally being higher in the leaves and bark and lower in wood and branches components. As for the calorific value, the leaves had its calorific value statistically superior than the other fractions, followed by branches, wood and bark. The organic carbon content (C.O.) is directly connected to the calorific value, and the calorific value increases as its content increase. The wood had the highest nutrient use efficiency values, something highly desirable and of great interest to forestry. The leaves showed smaller nutrient utilization efficiency values, with the exception of Ca and Mg that were smaller in the bark, indicating the importance of maintaining these components in the soil after harvest. The wood fraction presents the biomass lower cost when considering the replacement of nutrients exported by its biomass. On the other hand, the leaf fraction showed NPK higher cost of replacement.

Les zones industrielles d’exportation : Le cas de la Tunisie

Ce mémoire compte deux parties distinctes, chacune étant toutefois rattachée à une étude du régime des entreprises entièrement exportatrices de la Tunisie, à laquelle nous avons participé. Ce régime instauré en 1972, avec des modifications depuis, avait pour but d'établir des conditions favorables à la venue d'investissements étrangers dans les secteurs d'exportation. Ce type de régime correspond, dans ses grandes lignes, à ce qu'il est convenu d'appeler les zones industrielles d'exportation. La première partie de ce mémoire est une revue de la littérature sur le sujet, une étude du pour et du contre autant d'un point de vue théorique que pratique. Nous tenterons par la suite d'en dégager des points de réflexion sur l'expérience tunisienne. Celle-ci a-t-elle rencontré des conditions qui favorisait sa réussite? Toujours dans le cadre de l'étude du régime tunisien, il a été nécessaire d'utiliser le concept de "taux de change de référence"(TCR), afin d'évaluer les avantages et les coûts de l'établissement de tels incitatifs. Il s'agit en quelque sorte de calculer le prix de référence (shadow price) des devises utilisées dans ce régime ou générées par lui. La seconde partie de ce mémoire consiste, dans un premier temps, à expliquer les bases théoriques du taux de change de référence, c'est-à-dire à en établir la définition selon deux différentes approches, et à en donner les formes d'évaluation. Dans un deuxième temps, nous tentons d'estimer le TCR de la Tunisie. Cet exercice avait déjà été tenté par l'Institut d'Économie Quantitative de la Tunisie en 1988 sur la base de la protection commerciale existante en 1983. Cependant, la fiabilité du résultat pouvait être améliorée en ce qui concerne l'estimation de l'élasticité des demandes d'importation. Nous avons refait ces estimations en utilisant un plus grand nombre de données. De plus nous avons basé nos calculs du TCR sur la base de la protection existante en 1990.

Dévaluation et commerce international : une étude sur quelques pays de la zone CFA

Le travail examine le rôle des prix dans le processus d’ajustement de la balance commerciale des pays de la zone CFA et vérifie la pertinence de la condition Marshall Lerner. Nous avons dérivé des fonctions d'importation et d'exportation à partir d'un problème d'optimisation dynamique puisé dans l'article de Reinhart (1994). Nous nous sommes servis des tests de cointégration. L'étude est calibrée sur le Cameroun, la Côte d'Ivoire, le Gabon et le Togo. Les résultats laissent croire qu'il n'existe pas de relation de long terme entre les prix, les exportations et les importations. La condition Marshall Lerner s'est révélée non valable à court terme. La révision des hypothèses sous-jacentes à cette condition a mis en exergue les élasticités des importations dans les possibilités de réussite de cette dévaluation.

Caracterização da fração de óleo de café extraido de grãos sadios, verdes e preto-verdes, e a influência na adição deste na sensorial de café liofilizado

The application of roasted coffee oil directly on freeze dried soluble coffee is used to minimize the formation of fine poder which adhere on the glass packaging, which results in a negative visual appearance, as well as contributes to the aromatic impact when opening the packaging. The coffee oil is considered a high cost product obtained from Arabica coffee beans, previosly selected and roasted, by mechanical press. In Brazil the coffee culture and marketing results in the selection of the beans by type of defects and beverage, the volume of exportation works with types of coffee beans with low quantity of defects resulting in a large volume of defective coffee beans trading on the domestic market. Nevertheless, coffees which present defective grains like green, black-green beans present differences in the final flavor of the roasted coffees. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of the oils extracted from grains classified as normal, green and black-green, at natural and roasted conditions. The oil was obtained by cold extraction using solvents of different polarities, and yield was calculated as well as its fatty acid composition. The oil of the roasted defective coffee grains was also used to prepare drinks of lyophilized soluble coffee in order to verify if jugdes were able to differenciate the sensory caracteristics of the beverages, in comparison to the product prepared using commercial oil obtained by mechanical pressing. Samples of oil obtained from defective grains showed similar extraction yields compared to hot extraction. Cromatographs of oils of the deffective grains did not showed differences compared to normal grains. In relation to the sensory analysis of the soluble coffee beverages, it was verified that when applying oils of light roasted black-green beans or oils of medium and dark roasted green beans obtained with rapid process, judges had more difficulties to distinguish differences between samples. Economic viability demonstrated that with the actual prices of the coffee beans, the use of defective beans could reduce in 64% the costs of the raw beans.

O ouro branco abre caminho: o algodão e a modernização do espaço urbano da Cidade da Parahyba (1850-1924)

The present research deals with the modernization process of the Cidade da Parahyba2, between 1850 and 1924, and its relation with the cotton economy, which represented the main source of wealth accumulation for both the private and the public sectors throughout the First Republic. This study on urban history was developed by focusing on the understanding of the city s spatial formation, and despite its emphasis on the economic aspects involved, other factors that also contribute to the development of the social life were not put aside. The modernization process of the Cidade da Parahyba was also analyzed during the period established for the study according to a chronological and thematic approach that established comparisons with the financial situation of the State, whenever this was necessary, with special attention to the contribution of the cotton economy to the State´s revenues. It was possible to detect a lack of financial help and loans from the federal and municipal administrations for finishing several public works already underway in the capital, since the federal funds allocated to the State of Parahyba do Norte were rather employed in emergency works against droughts and in agricultural development. One can then conclude that the financial resources required for the urban interventions were withdrawn from the State s treasury itself, resources that were collected mainly from activities such as cotton exportation and cotton trading. Another factor shows the interdependence between the urban remodeling and the cotton economy: during the years marked by great droughts or by hard plagues on the cotton plantations, cotton production decreased, as well as the State s finances. The first measures taken by the State s administrators were to halt all projects of urban remodeling in progress in the Cidade da Parahyba, which was, clearly, the most privileged city by the State s presidents during the period analyzed. 2 The city of João Pessoa was named Cidade da Parahyba, a designation that remained until September 1930, when it received its present-day name in order to pay homage to the president of the State, João Pessoa Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, murdered in the city of Recife in August of that same year. At that time, the State of Paraíba was known as Parahyba do Norte. Since this work is limited to a period of time comprised within the First Republic, the names employed respect the terms used in those days

Defining a management strategy for the azorean natural thermal resources : valuing criteria identification

Dissertação de Mestrado, Gestão de Empresas (MBA), 23 de Maio de 2016, Universidade dos Açores.

Estratégias internacionais da fruticultura do RN: o caso finobrasa processo e evolução

The present inquiry has as main objective to understand the process of formation of the international strategies of the exporting companies of fruits of the RN through the theory of the resource dependence. Aiming at to clarify as the companies they can carry through the process of internationalization through this theory had been study the behavior and economic theories of the process of internationalization of companies. Amongst the economic theories they are distinguished the eclectic paradigm of Dunning (1958), Vernon (1669) through the theory of the cycle of the product and Bucley and Casson (1979) with the theory of the international operations. In the mannering boarding they had been investigated the school of Upsala through Johanson and Valnhe (1977) with the concept of the increasing of the markets and in the distance psychic starts and the interaction of the purchaser-salesman of Hallen and Wiedersheim-Paul (1979). In this perspective it observes main the occured changes in the organization in function of this process, following the rules observed by the gradual ingression in the international market, having as base ways of entrances in the external market used by these companies, in view of the frist phase that the company presents of businesses. Ahead of you analyze of these theories the study searches to analyze the convergence of the concepts proclaimed for the theory of the dependence of resources (PFEFFER; SALANCIK, 1978). and strategies of internationalization of the companies. The research is characterized as qualitative case study which adopts and exploratory and analytical type, retrospective matrix. The adopted strategy is of case study and the unit of analysis consisting of the Finobrasa, pertaining company to the Vicunha Group. The main method of collection of data was halfstructuralized interview allied the documentary research that together had presented an empirical perspective of the internationalization process. The analysis and quarrel of the results understand the description and the interpretation of the one of the information through the technique of analyzes of content. Initially the historical of the exportation of fruits of the Rio Grande do Norte with the focus in the region Açu/Mossoró is presented and after that the information of the Finobrasa are presented as base of the study. The main events are identified that had constituted the phases of the strategical model of the company. It was observed that the dimensions most excellent amongst those proclaimed by the School of Uppsala had been the learning, staffs and the step-starts is sufficiently gifts in the reality of the company, as well as the aspects of strategical alliances since the consolidated relationship of the Vicunha Group create a more solid trajectory in the international market allied the conditions created windows of marked . One understands, therefore, that the investigated process still has base the theoretical theories of the internationalization strategies corroborating for the theoretical convergence of the rules proclaimed for the theory of the dependence of resources.

Burocracia e comércio exterior: os desafios à exportação sob a ótica das micro e pequenas empresas exportadoras do Rio Grande do Norte

As micro e pequenas empresas, ao mesmo tempo em que exercem um papel extremamente relevante na estrutura produtiva da economia brasileira pelo grande número de empreendedores existentes e expressivo volume de pessoal ocupado, perdem competitividade ao se deparar com entraves ao seu desenvolvimento, sejam eles em âmbito gerencial, financeiro, burocrático ou estrutural. Com base nesse contexto, o estudo procura identificar em que medida, na percepção das MPEs exportadoras do Rio Grande do Norte, as exigências burocráticas do processo exportador afetam o seu desempenho no comércio exterior. Como exigências burocráticas compreende-se o conjunto de normas, regras e procedimentos e documentos que disciplinam o processo exportador, enquanto desempenho é entendido como os resultados da atividade econômica medido através do crescimento das vendas para o mercado externo; das demandas de produtos exportados não atendidas e da ampliação do mercado internacional. A pesquisa realizada é de caráter censitário, desenvolvida junto a quatorze MPEs do estado, atuantes regularmente no comércio exterior nos últimos três anos (2009-2011), utilizando aplicação de questionário, assim como uma consulta a dados secundários disponíveis. A análise dos dados levantados revelou que, efetivamente, na percepção dos respondentes, fatores externos como o custo do processo de exportação, falta de incentivo do governo, excesso de controle dos órgãos públicos e a infraestrutura logística do estado exercem influência na pequena participação das MPEs nas exportações do Brasil e do Nordeste, enquanto o bom desempenho exportador destas relaciona-se a fatores gerenciais, com destaque para investimentos na estrutura organizacional da empresa, conhecimento do mercado internacional e bom relacionamento com clientes e mercados

Estratégias de internacionalização das micro e pequenas empresas do sector de moda praia de Salvador

Este estudo tem por objectivo conhecer as estratégias de internacionalização das micro e pequenas empresas do sector de moda praia de Salvador, procurando compreender e desenvolver as condições para promover uma cultura de internacionalização. O estudo caracteriza-se por uma abordagem mista, conciliando uma análise qualitativa, com uma quantitativa, sendo o inquérito, o método utilizado para a recolha de dados. Pretende-se obter informações sobre as características destas empresas com intuito de analisa-las e identificar a etapa em que se encontram relativamente ao processo de internacionalização. Como resultado verificou-se que estas empresas ainda estão num processo muito inicial de internacionalização, a exportação configura-se apenas como uma actividade acessória, aquém de uma estratégia consolidada de internacionalização. Estas empresas acabam por não dispor de uma estrutura e dimensão que permita encetar esses esforços sem o apoio de conjunto de políticas de incentivo e suporte à internacionalização. ABSTRACT: The objective of this study is to identify the intemationalization strategies of Salvador's micro and small enterprises of Beachwear, seeking to comprehend and develop the conditions to promote a culture of internationalization. The study is characterized by a mixed approach, combining a qualitative analysis with a quantitative, being the inquiry, the method used to collect the data The aim is to obtain information's about the characteristics of this enterprises, with the goal to analyse them and identify in which stage of the internationalization process their situated in. As a result, it was verified that this enterprise are still in a very primary stage of internationalization, the exportation is viewed only has an accessory activity, lacking in a consolidated strategy of internationalization. This enterprises end up with having no structure and dimension to enable them to accomplish those efforts, without a set of internationalization incentive and support policies.