Detection of changes of the optic disc in glaucomatous eyes:Clinical examination and image analysis with the Topcon Imagenet system

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the clinical agreement in the detection of optic disc changes and the ability of computerized image analysis to detect glaucomatous deterioration of the optic disc. Methods: Pairs of stereophotographs of 35 glaucomatous optic discs taken 5 years apart and of 5 glaucomatous discs photographed twice on the same day. Two glaucoma specialists examined the pairs of stereophotographs (35 cases and 5 controls) in a masked manner and judged whether the optic disc showed changes in the optic disc compatible with progression of glaucomatous damage. The stereophotographs of the five optic discs photographed twice on the same day (which by definition did not change) and of five cases judged to have deteriorated by both glaucoma specialists were analyzed by computerized image analysis with the Topcon ImageNet system. Intra- and inter-observer agreement in the detection of optic disc changes (evaluated using kappa statistic), and changes in the rim area to disc area ratio (evaluated using descriptive statistics and paired t-test). Results: Intra-observer agreement had a kappa value of 0.75 for observer 1 and 0.60 for the observer 2. Inter-observer agreement between the glaucoma specialists had a kappa value of 0.60. The image analyzer did not discriminate between controls and cases with clinically apparent glaucomatous change of the optic disc. Conclusion: Clinical agreement in detecting changes in the optic disc was moderate to substantial. Computerized image analysis with the Topcon ImageNet system appeared not to be useful in detecting glaucomatous changes of the optic disc.

Exploration of the visual system : Part 2. In vivo analysis methods : virtual-reality optomotor system, fundus examination and fluorescent angiography

The mouse has emerged as an animal model for many diseases. At IRO, we have used this animal to understand the development of many eye diseases and treatment of some of them. Precise evaluation of vision is a prerequisite for both these approaches. In this unit we describe three ways to measure vision: testing the optokinetic response, and evaluating the fundus by direct observation and by fluorescent angiography.

Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE): a new scoring system for scientific and clinical needs

A new scoring system, the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE), has been designed to provide a simple tool for use in general practice and to allow comparison to other more discriminative indices. The most severely affected surface in each sextant is recorded with a four level score and the cumulative score classified and matched to risk levels which guide the management of the condition. The BEWE allows re-analysis and integration of results from existing studies and, in time, should initiate a consensus within the scientific community and so avoid continued proliferation of indices. Finally, this process should lead to the development of an internationally accepted, standardised and validated index. The BEWE further aims to increase the awareness of tooth erosion amongst clinicians and general dental practitioners and to provide a guide as to its management.

Dental erosive wear assessment among adolescents and adults utilizing the basic erosive wear examination (BEWE) scoring system.

OBJECTIVES To investigate erosive tooth wear and related variables among adolescents and adults in Israel, utilizing the new basic erosive wear examination (BEWE) scoring system, in an attempt to contribute to the ongoing review, evaluation, and further development of an international standardized index. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytic survey was conducted among 500 subjects of five age groups. Dental erosion was measured according to the new BEWE scoring system. Independent variables included gender, age, origin, education, employment status, and diet. A backward stepwise linear regression model was applied to identify significantly associated variables. RESULTS Fifty percent of the survey subjects demonstrated erosive tooth wear; among them, 10 % had distinct erosion of over 50 % of the dental surface. Total BEWE score differences by age groups were statistically significant; as the age increased, the mean total BEWE scores increased (p < 0.001). The association between acidic foods and erosion was evident among the younger population (p = 0.038). In a multiple regression model, age (p < 0.001) and diet (p = 0.044) achieved statistical significance as variables associated with dental erosive wear. CONCLUSIONS Our study is one of the first to use the BEWE scoring system in an epidemiological survey among adolescents and adults. It was found that the BEWE index is straightforward, easy to conduct, and comfortably accepted by the examinees. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The present findings, together with further international research, should contribute toward continued evaluation of the BEWE system as an international standard and thereby, toward more optimal understanding, evidence-based treatment, and prevention of dental erosive wear.

A treatise on diet : with a view to establish, on practical grounds, a system of rules for the prevention and cure of the diseases incident to a disordered state of the digestive functions.

Mode of access: Internet.

A system of natural philosophy : in which the principles of mechanics, hydrostatics, hydraulics, pneumatics, acoustics, optics, astronomy, electricity, and magnetism, are familiarly explained, and illustrated by more than two hundred engravings : to which are added, questions for the examination of pupils : designed for the use of schools and academies /

Mode of access: Internet.

A system of natural philosophy : in which the principles of mechanics, hydrostatics, hydraulics, pneumatics, acoustics, optics, astronomy, electricity, magnetism, steam engine, and electro-magnetism, are familiarly explained, and illustrated by more than two hundred engravings : to which are added questions for the examination of pupils : designed for the use of schools and academies /

Includes index.

A system of natural philosophy : in which the principles of mechanics, hydrostatics, hydraulics, pneumatics, acoustics, optics, astronomy, electricity, and magnetism, are familiarly explained, and illustrated by more than two hundred engravings. To which are added, questions for the examination of pupils, designed for the use of schools and academies /

Spine title: Comstock's philosophy.

An examination of the new system of society / Showing its insufficiency to reform mankind. With observations on the operation of the principle of virtue in the mand of man.

Mode of access: Internet.

An examination of the banking system of Massachusetts : in reference to the renewal of the bank charters.

Microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich., Xerox University Microfilms, 1974. 35 mm. (American Culture Series, reel 589.15)

A treatise on diet: with a view to establish, on practical grounds, a system of rules, for the prevention and cure of the diseases incident to a disordered state of the digestive functions.

Mode of access: Internet.

A review of Edwards's Inquiry into the freedom of the will : containing, I. Statement of Edwards's system, II. The legitimate consequences of this system, III. An examination of the arguments against a self-determining will /

A combined edition of Tappan's three books on the will was printed at Glasgow under the title: A treatise on the will, 1857.

The philosophy of Herbert Spencer. Being an examination of the First principles of his system.

Mode of access: Internet.

A system of natural philosophy : in which the principles of mechanics, hydrostatics, hydraulics, pneumatics, acoustics, optics, astronomy, electricity, and magnetism, are familiarly explained, and illustrated by more than two hundred engravings : to which are added, questions for the examination of the pupils : designed for the use of schools and academies /

Mode of access: Internet.