998 resultados para ddc: 658.3124


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A predictive and self-consistent mathematical model incorporating the electrochemical, chemical and ionic migration processes characterizing the propagation stage of crevice and pitting corrosion in metals is described. The model predicts the steady-state solution chemistry and electrode kinetics (and hence metal penetration rates) within an active corrosion cavity as a function of the many parameters on which these depend, such as external electrode potential and crevice dimensions. The crevice is modelled as a parallel-sided slot filled with a dilute sodium chloride solution. The cavity propagation rates are found to be faster in the case of a crevice with passive walls than one with active walls. The distribution of current over the internal surface of a crevice with corroding walls can be assessed using this model, giving an indication of the future shape of the cavity. The model is extended to include a solid hydroxide precipitation reaction and considers the effect of consequent changes in the chemical and physical environment within the crevice on the predicted corrosion rates. In this paper, the model is applied to crevice and pitting corrosion in carbon steel.

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在纸坊沟流域不同退耕年限的区域采集表层0~20 cm土样274个,分析了不同植被及其退耕年限下的土壤养分变化规律。结果表明,退耕后林草覆盖下的土壤有机质和全氮含量有所增加,特别是刺槐林地增加幅度较大,全磷含量变化不显著,草地覆盖下土壤的速效氮含量低于农田速效氮含量;土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、硝态氮和铵态氮随退耕年限增加呈现出先减少后增加的趋势;退耕年限与土壤有机质和全氮存在显著的正相关性。

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利用修正的Thornthwaite最大蒸发力公式,计算了辽西地区不同市的水分亏缺量。各市最大潜在蒸发散计算结果是:朝阳1180.6 mm,锦州1146.0 mm,葫芦岛1140.1 mm,阜新1030.3 mm;水分亏缺量计算结果为:朝阳-658.3 mm,锦州-538.4 mill,葫芦岛-544.8 mm,阜新-626.9 mm。利用美国spss数理统计软件计算了油松与蒙古栎的胸径连年生长量和对应的各年1—12月份的月均温、月降雨量、平均相对湿度的回归关系,表明油松生长与温度紧密,蒙古栎生长与水分关系紧密。

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<正> 1 引言沈阳地区位于辽宁省中北部,属中温带受季风影响的半湿润大陆性气候。该地区地貌类型多样,东北和西南紧靠长白山余脉千山山脉,属低山丘陵,中西部是辽阔平原地貌由东北向西南倾斜。全地区有大小河流15余条,大部向西南的辽中、新民等地汇集再出境入海,上游是旱坡地,而且林地的森林覆盖率较低。1995年7~8月,沈阳地区连降大雨,达658.3mm,相当于27a的全年平均降雨量的总和,造成百年不遇的特大洪水,致使平原地区大片农田被淹达20d左右,面积达6.67×10~5hm~2。这次洪水源于天然降雨并汇集上游地区地表径流而形成的,水体混浊,悬浮物

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实验室条件下用远紫外线 (UV BC)光源照射紫杉幼苗 ,随照射时间延长 ,针叶的离子渗出率、膜脂过氧化水平、组织自动氧化速率及H2 O2 含量显著增加 ,可溶性蛋白、抗坏血酸、类胡萝卜素和叶绿素含量下降 ,叶绿体光系统II电子传递活性显著下降 ,外源活性氧清除剂苯甲酸钠和抗坏血酸对针叶膜脂过氧化有抑制作用 ;甲基紫精和DDC对针叶膜脂过氧化有促进效果 ,远紫外线引起的紫杉伤害可能和针叶树的越冬光氧化伤害有类似之处 .紫杉苗对紫外辐射的抗性远高于一般农作物 .

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回顾了中国化学肥料生产、应用的发展历程,探讨了由于化肥施用所引起的土壤养分平衡的变化;着重对稳定型肥料、复合肥和包膜肥三项新型肥料技术的研究进展进行了较为翔实的综述;基于我国化肥产业的现状,指出了我国化肥存在着品种结构不合理、投入量低、化肥资源配置不合理、养分投入比例不平衡、新型高效肥料发展缓慢等一系列问题,并对这些问题进行了分析;最后展望了我国肥料发展的趋势。

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利用20世纪90年代中国1:10万土地利用动态变化数据,利用单元自动机和人工神经网络模型对中国农村居民点用地进行了区划。在此基础上,研究了90年代中国农村居民点用地动态变化时空格局。研究表明,农村居民点用地受区域位置、经济发展和国家政策的影响。90年代前5年,受沿海开放政策和经济高速发展的影响,长江三角洲、珠江三角洲和华北平原农村居民点用地扩展较快,中西部地区农村居民点用地扩展较慢;90年代后5年,在沿海地区经济发展速度放慢和国家实施耕地资源保护条例的情况下,沿海地区农村居民点用地扩张受到抑制,西部地区扩展加快。90年代中国经济体制处于由计划经济向市场经济转轨的过程中,农村居民点用地的动态变化格局受到经济发展和土地利用政策的深刻影响。

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近年来,涡度相关技术的进步使陆地生态系统CO2通量的长期和连续观测成为可能。目前,涡度相关技术是全球通量观测网络(FLUXNET)测定植被/大气间CO2通量的主要技术手段,但绝大部分CO2通量观测站点都处于非典型的理想条件下,不能完全满足涡度相关技术的基本假设条件,从而导致基于涡度相关技术估算植被/大气间净生态系统CO2交换量的不确定性。系统介绍了涡度相关技术的基本假设,基本理论公式和误差的类型与特征等理论问题,重点阐述了通量测定中仪器本身的物理限制、二维和三维的气流运动、数据处理的方法和夜间通量的低估等

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运用已建立的景观尺度生态系统生产力过程模型EPPML对长白山自然保护区地表径流量的季节动态和空间分布特征进行了模拟,对其与环境因子间的相互关系进行了分析.模拟结果表明,长白山自然保护区地表径流量的季节进程表现出明显的三峰型,6月和9月出现低谷,8月达最大(2.58mm·d-1),与土壤含水量的季节变化趋势十分相似.1995年地表径流量的模拟值平均为0.203m·年-1,空间分布随海拔升高呈现明显增加的趋势,最高为高山流砾滩(0.619m·年-1),最低为阔叶红松林(0.081m·年-1).年地表径流量与叶

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A templateless, surfactantless, electrochemical route is proposed to directly fabricate hierarchical spherical cupreous microstructures (HSCMs) on an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. The as-prepared HSCMs have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

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In the presence of NH3-Ag+-NH3, the calix[4]arenes can be induced into dimeric nanocapsules, which can be used as building units constructing a 3D molecular architecture with the appropriate secondary ligands and metal ions.

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一种内火道炼焦炉,包括炉墙〔13〕,油道〔21〕,炼焦煤层〔18〕、火道〔16〕、引火层〔14〕,其特征在于炼焦煤层与引火层间增设有供热层〔15〕,火道是内火道,油道上设置有油道盖砖〔20〕,油道出口处的导出管上设置有闸板〔25〕。该炼焦炉污染环境小,焦炭收率高、炼焦速度快、煤种适应范围广,特别适用于煤炭资源丰富地区发展中小型炼焦工业。

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Discrete wavelets transform (DWT). was applied to noise on removal capillary electrophoresis-electrochemiluminescence (CE-ECL) electropherograms. Several typical wavelet transforms, including Haar, Daublets, Coiflets, and Symmlets, were evaluated. Four types of determining threshold methods, fixed form threshold, rigorous Stein's unbiased estimate of risk (rigorous SURE), heuristic SURE and minimax, combined with hard and soft thresholding methods were compared. The denoising study on synthetic signals showed that wave Symmlet 4 with a level decomposition of 5 and the thresholding method of heuristic SURE-hard provide the optimum denoising strategy. Using this strategy, the noise on CE-ECL electropherograms could be removed adequately. Compared with the Savitzky-Golay and Fourier transform denoising methods, DWT is an efficient method for noise removal with a better preservation of the shape of peaks.