Motivation of german entrepreneurs to seek equity via crowdfunding: an exploratory study

Equity crowdfunding, ou financiamento de um projeto ou empreendimento através de diversos pequenos investimentos ou um grande grupo de investidores, tem recebido uma crescente atenção da mídia e acadêmicos. A discussão questiona se crowdfunding pode de uma forma geral transformar a maneira como as pessoas captam capital para os seus negócios. Enquanto que pesquisas tem até então focado em explorar porque crowdinvestors têm motivação em financiar empreitadas, este estudo foca em revelar o que motiva empreendedores a procurar soluções de crowdfund. Para isso, o estudo investigou a motivação de 11 empreendedores que usaram plataformas alemãs de crowdfunding. Como estudos existentes sobre a motivação de empreendedores são na sua grande maioria superficiais, este estudo utiliza uma nova abordagem de pesquisa na área de financiamento de projetos, a abordagem de means-end. Sob essa abordagem a forma de pensar dos empreendedores em relação ao uso de equity crowdfunding foi estudada de forma holística, revelando todo o processo de raciocínio até a decisão final de optar por uma estratégia de crowdfunding. Uma das descobertas é que empreendedores usam equity crowdfunding para arrecadar fundos de crowdinvestors consideravelmente não-racionais (emocionais) para financiar o crescimento futuro de seus negócios e também sinalizar viabilidade de investimento para futuros investidores. Além disso, empreendedores esperam que crowdinvestors sejam engajados e ajudem tanto a promover o negócio como a dar feedback. Crowdfunding também possibilita que empreendedores mantenham o poder de decisão sobre a empresa mais facilmente se comparado a outras fontes tradicionais de financiamento. As descobertas indicam que crowdfunding atrai empreendedores que não conseguiriam arrecadar investimentos a partir de outras fontes de capital assim como empreendedores que entendem os benefícios adicionais que esta oferece em relação à outras fontes.

An evaluation of the Business Model Canvas by technology-oriented startups in Brazil : a qualitative study about the usage of the tool by Brazilian entrepreneurs

The following paper was conducted with the support of several entrepreneurs and startups from Brazil. The aim of the research was to find out which impact the Business Model Canvas, further abbreviated as BMC, has on technology-oriented startups in Brazil. The first step of the study was identify some general concepts of entrepreneurship, as well as the conditions and environment of the country. Afterwards, it was focused on defining and comparing different business model tools and concepts to the BMC. After the literature review and meeting with several professionals in the area of entrepreneurship and startups, a questionnaire was formulated in order to conduct the qualitative study and identify the main impact of the tool. The questionnaire was answered by ten startups. In order to check the validity and credibility of the research outcomes, theory and investigator triangulation was used. As a result, the usage of the BMC could be evaluated by obtaining the outcomes and the theory, which showed that Brazilian tech startups are using Osterwalder’s model for the reason of idea creation and testing, validating and pivoting their business model. Interestingly, the research revealed that the entrepreneurs are using the tool often not in the traditional way of printing it, but rather applying it as a thinking approach. Besides, the entrepreneurs are focusing mostly on developing a strong Value Proposition, Customer Segment and sustainable Revenue Streams, while afterwards the remaining building blocks are built. Moreover, the research showed that the startups are using also other concepts, such as the Customer Development Process or Build-Measure-Learn Feedback Loop. These methodologies are often applied together with the BMC and helps to identify the most sustainable components of the business idea. Keywords: Business

De consumidora a empreendedora institucional: um estudo de caso sobre o uso de estratégias discursivas na indústria de moda

A indústria criativa de moda está sendo impactada pela ação de consumidores que utilizam novos meios de comunicação como forma de interação, tais como blogs, Instagram e Twitter. Os consumidores que, nesse contexto, assumiram o papel de empreendedores, não estavam insatisfeitos com o mercado, apenas queriam compartilhar suas ideias e aquisições com outros usuários da rede. Com o decorrer do tempo, no entanto, essa ação, inicialmente despretensiosa, alcançou popularidade e captou a atenção de leitores e de empresas do setor, ganhando escala (DIAMANDIS & KOTLER, 2015) e visibilidade. Sendo assim, a pesquisa terá como objetivo identificar e analisar as estratégias discursivas que conduziram consumidores, que apenas desejavam se comunicar e trocar suas ideias em torno de um tema que lhes interessava, à categoria de empreendedores institucionais (ANSARI & PHILLIPS, 2011; DOLBEC & FISCHER, 2015). A pergunta de pesquisa respondida foi: Quais são as estratégias discursivas utilizadas por consumidores que se tornaram empreendedores institucionais? Para tal foi realizado um estudo exploratório, na forma de estudo de caso, com a blogger Camila Coutinho, do blog Garotas Estúpidas. Foram analisadas as estratégias discursivas da empreendedora, compiladas principalmente por meio de postagens do blog, materiais divulgados na mídia e entrevistas. Os dados foram analisados pelo método de análise de discurso (VAN DIJK, 1997; PHILLIPS & HARDY, 2002). Esta pesquisa contribui para a teoria de empreendedorismo institucional ao identificar e analisar as estratégias discursivas usadas por um empreendedor institucional. Além disso, contribui para a prática gerencial ao identificar as mudanças geradas por empreendedores no campo de mídia virtual.

The creative and advanced technology economy in Brazil: executive summary

This document brings together in a succinct form the available data about the current state of the Creative and Advanced Technology Economy of Brazil, presents some suggestions for public policies which can contribute to the development of technological and creative activities, and also points to issues to be studied and actions to be carried out in the future.

Direito autoral e tecnologias de informação e comunicação no contexto da produção, uso e disseminação de informação: um olhar para as Licenças Creative Commons

The development of information and communication technologies, in particular, Internet, and its Web 2.0 information environment has led to significant changes in contemporary society as to the ways of producing informational content. Collaboration and remix, favored by the new services and applications resulting from the development of the Web, are practices which contribute for the exponential growth of information producers. An important part of humanity ceases to be a mere consumer of symbolic goods and becomes a member in a society that sees in the collaboration and remix a new form of creation, use and dissemination of intellectual content. However, as such practices involve the production and use of information intelectual content, and are ruled by a legisltion which determine determines under what conditions the author and the user must produce and use the intellectual work. This legislation established for a context prior to the develompment of the Web has created an imbalance in the context of Web 2.0 which needs to be solved in some way so as to provide the required rebalance for the flow of information. This study explores the collaborative Web environment, the scope of copyright law in Web enviroment and the Creative Commons licenses as an alternative for producers and users of information to create, recreate, share, use, reuse and disseminate legally the intellectual production for the benefit of the construction of knowledge.

Natal Condomínio Clube : inovação espacial nos eixos de valorização da zona sul da cidade

This dissertation is about new real estate development in the southward expansion area in Natal, Brazil, by use of high-rise condos, so-called club-condominiums. The area includes part of the neighboring municipality, Parnamirim, and focuses on the role played by urban developers in the housing market. The main feature in these condos are common areas filled with leisure equipments, allegedly to grant quality of life, comfort and tranquility to residents. The rapid development of the area takes advantage of large plots of land available as well as of urban infrastructure. Overall preference of middle-class sectors for the South area of Natal (and adjoining part of Parnamirim) is also a factor worth of note. For this reason, this part of the city constitutes one of the preferred areas of urban developers. This dissertation includes a discussion of Henri Lefebvre s production of space, emphasizing its tridimensional features. It draws on David Harvey s works to deal with transformations of the built environment regarding the dynamics of real estate markets; in particular, it considers the idea of creative destruction. Finally, the dissertation discusses the concepts developed by Pedro Abramo regarding the forms of operation by urban entrepreneurs, in particular the concepts of urban convention and spatial innovation. For the empirical work, a number of interviews with key entrepreneurs and civil servants were undertaken. In more general terms, it is worth observing that there is a direct relationship between the location of such developments and the process of spatial fragmentation, seen both as a consequence and a strategy of the way urban developers operate

Creative industries in the Caribbean: a new road for diversification and export growth

Includes bibliography

Creative commons: A convergence model between the ideal of commons and the possibilities of creation in contemporary times, opposed to copyright impediments

The contemporary individual finds on the Internet and especially on the Web facilitating conditions to build a basic infrastructure based on the concept of commons. He also finds favorable conditions which allow him to collaborate and share resources for the creation, use, reuse, access and dissemination of information. However, he also faces obstacles such as Copyright (Law 9610/98 in Brazil). An alternative is Creative Commons which not only allows the elaboration, use and dissemination of information under legal conditions but also function as a facilitator for the development of informational commons. This paper deals with this scenario.

A prática pedagógica da formação profissional por competências da modalidade aprendizagem do SENAI-PA

O presente trabalho, resultante de pesquisa documental e de campo, subsidiada pela abordagem qualitativa, teve por objetivos identificar e analisar a proposta metodológica de formação profissional por competências realizada pelo SENAI- PA, considerando suas especificidades, ideologias, objetivos latentes, e sua dimensão política, uma vez que esta instituição apresenta a referida proposta como alternativa para elevar o nível de formação e qualificação profissional, formar cidadãos criativos e empreendedores para atender às demandas do setor industrial. A investigação iniciou a partir de uma pesquisa exploratória e revisão bibliográfica de fundamentação teórica sobre a temática, permitindo a compreensão do objeto de estudo, além de respaldar a definição do problema de pesquisa. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir de informações contidas no site institucional do SENAI, de pesquisas e obras que tratam da formação profissional ofertada por esta instituição. Para a realização desta investigação foi feito primeiramente um estudo dos referenciais teóricos, sobretudo, das teorias pedagógicas que têm pautado o desenvolvimento da prática pedagógica no contexto educacional brasileiro, como também, das teorias pedagógicas e econômicas que têm fundamentado a prática pedagógica de educação profissional. À luz destes referenciais, e com base nos procedimentos da análise dos conteúdos, examinamos os dados a partir dos seguintes eixos temáticos: objetivos, avaliação conteúdos, métodos e técnicas de ensino, relação teoria e prática, forma e conteúdo. Utilizamos ainda as categorias de análise obtidas a partir dos dados coletados: aprendizagem significativa, prática pedagógica eficaz, formar para o trabalho e para cidadania. A pesquisa possibilitou identificar o utilitarismo no processo de ensino, cuja manifestação ocorre no desenrolar das práticas pedagógicas, através da relação dicotômica entre teoria e prática, caracterizando, desta forma, a proposta metodológica de ensino desta instituição. Verificamos que a atual metodologia de ensino fundamentada na pedagogia das competências, se constitui no aperfeiçoamento da antiga metodologia utilizada por esta instituição, uma vez que ambas estão alicerçadas no Condutivismo, Pragmatismo, Funcionalismo, e no Construtivismo. Este aperfeiçoamento vincula-se à investigação prévia das competências a serem adquiridas pelo trabalhador, à caracterização do perfil dos cursos pelas competências exigidas pelo mercado, à estreita relação dos elementos constitutivos da prática pedagógica - conteúdos, métodos e técnicas de ensino e a avaliação da aprendizagem - aos ditames mercadológicos. Constatamos ainda que este aperfeiçoamento promove a continuidade de uma formação orientada pelos preceitos e exigências do mercado, caracterizando uma formação profissional para o trabalho e para cidadania.

Creative Commons: a convergence model between the ideal of commons and the possibilities of creation in contemporary times, opposed to copyright impediments

The contemporary individual finds on the Internet and especially on the Web facilitating conditions to build a basic infrastructure based on the concept of commons. He also finds favorable conditions which allow him to collaborate and share resources for the creation, use, reuse, access and dissemination of information. However, he also faces obstacles such as Copyright (Law 9610/98 in Brazil). An alternative is Creative Commons which not only allows the elaboration, use and dissemination of information under legal conditions but also function as a facilitator for the development of informational commons. This paper deals with this scenario.

Do Academic and Private Entrepreneurs differ? An empirical analysis of the Micro-Foundation of Entrepreneurial Orientation

This Doctoral Thesis focuses on the study of individual behaviours as a result of organizational affiliation. The objective is to assess the Entrepreneurial Orientation of individuals proving the existence of a set of antecedents to that measure returning a structural model of its micro-foundation. Relying on the developed measurement model, I address the issue whether some Entrepreneurs experience different behaviours as a result of their academic affiliation, comparing a sample of ‘Academic Entrepreneurs’ to a control sample of ‘Private Entrepreneurs’ affiliated to a matched sample of Academic Spin-offs and Private Start-ups. Building on the Theory of the Planned Behaviour, proposed by Ajzen (1991), I present a model of causal antecedents of Entrepreneurial Orientation on constructs extensively used and validated, both from a theoretical and empirical perspective, in sociological and psychological studies. I focus my investigation on five major domains: (a) Situationally Specific Motivation, (b) Personal Traits and Characteristics, (c) Individual Skills, (d) Perception of the Business Environment and (e) Entrepreneurial Orientation Related Dimensions. I rely on a sample of 200 Entrepreneurs, affiliated to a matched sample of 72 Academic Spin-offs and Private Start-ups. Firms are matched by Industry, Year of Establishment and Localization and they are all located in the Emilia Romagna region, in northern Italy. I’ve gathered data by face to face interviews and used a Structural Equation Modeling technique (Lisrel 8.80, Joreskog, K., & Sorbom, D. 2006) to perform the empirical analysis. The results show that Entrepreneurial Orientation is a multi-dimensional micro-founded construct which can be better represented by a Second-Order Model. The t-tests on the latent means reveal that the Academic Entrepreneurs differ in terms of: Risk taking, Passion, Procedural and Organizational Skills, Perception of the Government, Context and University Supports. The Structural models also reveal that the main differences between the two groups lay in the predicting power of Technical Skills, Perceived Context Support and Perceived University Support in explaining the Entrepreneurial Orientation Related Dimensions.