The Role of Citizen Participation in Wildlife-Sensitive Transportation Projects

An extensive and growing road system in the United States bisects vital wildlife habitat and is causing deleterious ecological effects on many wildlife species. The primary impacts include collisions between wildlife and vehicles, altered movement patterns within habitat, and/or the complete blockage of movements between vital habitats. The increasing size of the road network and number of vehicles will only intensify the problem unless proactive wildlife mitigation measures are developed to minimize these adverse effects. Therefore, this capstone project examines the role of citizen advocacy for promoting wildlife protection in the planning and development of wildlife-sensitive transportation projects in the United States. Based upon a data analysis of 21 questionnaires from qualified participants, it was determined that citizen participation is an important component associated with the development of wildlife-sensitive transportation projects. However, four major barriers to facilitating effective citizen participation processes were identified. 1) A lack of awareness. Citizens are only minimally aware of wildlife and transportation issues, including: a) the ecological impacts of roads, b) the solutions available to mitigate these impacts, and c) the opportunities to advocate for the protection of wildlife during transportation planning processes; 2) Public apathy or a lack of citizen interest in wildlife and transportation issues; 3) Ineffective citizen participation techniques and processes; and 4) Poor communication with citizens. Four recommendations were provided to assist in overcoming these barriers and to help define a better role for citizen advocacy in protecting wildlife from the growing road network.

The other side of protest music: the extreme-right and skinhead culture in democratic Portugal (1974-2015)

Although Portugal does not have a significant radical right presence in its party system, in the last decades the country did witness the development of a neo-Nazi skinhead movement that expresses its white nationalist nature and goals through the musical genres of Rock Against Communism (RAC) and the related Oi!. Utilizing various historical sources and theoretical analysis, this study contextualizes the development of nationalist music in Portugal, both before and especially during the democratic period (1974-2015). It focuses on its protagonists, domestic and international networks, as well as on the few attempts to establish a common cause with radical right-wing political parties at the turn of the century and in present times.

The European Citizen's Initiative: next big thing or new false good idea? Egmont Paper No. 59, July 2013

From the Introduction. One innovative element of the Lisbon Treaty was the creation of a European Citizens’ Initiative (ECI). At the time, this was sometimes hailed as a fundamental change in the European institutional system. A few years after the entry into force of the Treaty, however, much less is heard about this “first truly transnational instrument of modern direct democracy”, this “revolution in disguise”, this “very innovative and symbolic” provision. This could seem surprising at first sight. Since the entry into force of the Treaty, the implementation of this provision has been remarkably rapid. Meanwhile, new arguments have risen concerning the lack of democratic legitimacy of the European Union, and the lack of connection between the European institutions and the citizens.

Democratic Contestation, Accountability, and Citizen Satisfaction at the Regional Level. CES Germany & Europe Working Papers, No. 04.2, 2004

Democratic theory tells us that competition between political parties fosters more responsive government by disciplining elected leaders. Yet party competition may not always attain the levels desirable for holding leaders accountable, notably at the sub-national level. This paper hypothesizes that variations in competition-induced accountability affect regional, or state, government behavior, and that this variation is reflected in citizen satisfaction with regional government performance. The hypothesis is confirmed using survey data from sixty-eight German state election studies. Specifically, a widening of the gap between the two main parties of each state is shown to affect subsequent individual-level satisfaction negatively. This finding presents a conjecture that should be generalizable to other countries with strong sub-national units.

Citizenship in the discourse of Egyptian political parties. EUSpring Working Paper No. 6, June 2015 [also Citizenship Report no. 3]

The concept of citizenship is one of the most complicated in political and social sciences. Its long process of historical development makes dealing with it particularly complicated. Citizenship is by nature a multi-dimensional concept: there is a legal citizenship, referring first to the equal legal status of individuals, for instance the equality between men and women. Legal citizenship also refers to a political dimension, the right to start and/or join political parties, or political participation more broadly. Thirdly, it has a religious dimension relating to the right of all religious groups to equally and freely practice their religious customs and rituals. Finally, legal citizenship possesses a socio-economic dimension related to the non-marginalisation of different social categories, for instance women. All of these dimensions, far from being purely objects of legal texts and codifications, are emerging as an arena of political struggle within the Egyptian society. Citizenship as a concept has its roots in European history and, more specifically, the emergence of the nation state in Europe and the ensuing economic and social developments in these societies. These social developments and the rise of the nation state have worked in parallel, fostering the notion of an individual citizen bestowed with rights and obligations. This gradual interaction was very different from what happened in the context of the Arab world. The emerging of the nation state in Egypt was an outcome of modernisation efforts from the top-down; it coercively redesigned the social structure, by eliminating or weakening some social classes in favour of others. These efforts have had an impact on the state-society relation at least in two respects. First, on the overlapping relation between some social classes and the state, and second, on the ability of some social groups to self-organise, define and raise their demands. This study identifies how different political parties in Egypt envision the multi-dimensional concept of citizenship. We focus on the following elements: Nature of the state (identity, nature of the regime) Liberties and rights (election laws, political party laws, etc.) Right to gather and organise (syndicates, associations, etc.) Freedom of expression and speech (right to protest, sit in, strike, etc.) Public and individual liberties (freedom of belief, personal issues, etc.) Rights of marginalised groups (women, minorities, etc.)

e-Citizen Core : uma plataforma de participação eletrónica para apoio nas tomadas de decisões políticas

A proposta apresentada oferece uma abordagem interdisciplinar com uma forte integração entre as áreas de Gestão do Conhecimento e de Media, Marketing, Ciências Sociais e Engenharia Informática para desenvolver e aplicar a proposto de projeto final do Mestrado em Comércio Eletrónico do Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Coimbra - ISEC. Este trabalho tenta enriquecer o conhecimento nessas áreas através de suas contribuições teóricas e técnicas por apresentar, passo a passo, a sugestão de um projeto de comunicação institucional, tomada de decisão política, democracia direta digital e participação eletrónica em uma instituição pública para a promoção da cidadania digital. Dentro deste contexto, faz-se exercer por meio da democratização do acesso às TIC’s, prerrogativa da inclusão digital e social, a sugestão da criação de um conceito de uma plataforma digital que venha a auxiliar, como uma ferramenta, para que em conjunto com a sociedade e decisores políticos possam ser criados canais diretos de comunicação para possibilitar a participação da sociedade nas tomadas de decisões políticas em instituições públicas. Além do conceito de protótipo de uma plataforma digital que integre várias tipologias de democracia ainda foram criados dois modelos conceptuais, um modelo de adoção de tecnologia e, outro sobre tomada de decisão interativa, ambos com o objetivo de auxiliar e aprofundar o estudo na utilização e adoção de governo eletrónico pelos cidadãos. No âmbito de aplicabilidade e na eficácia do desenvolvimento deste trabalho, foi-se sugerido como câmara municipal portuguesa padrão a Câmara Municipal de Coimbra, em Portugal, a fim de estabelecer uma condição próxima da realidade nos processos e etapas da tomada de decisão política e participação da população na nossa proposta. Dessa forma, o presente estudo disponibiliza todos os conceitos e fundamentos para a implementação de uma plataforma de governo eletrónico proporcionado pelo uso de medias digitais, sendo assim, mais uma alternativa à democratização em massa, e a ênfase da importância dos desafios e oportunidades que determinam a adoção do uso de plataformas de governo eletrónico e da importância da e-participação no cenário atual das TIC’s e para os governos e a sociedade. Assim, ainda vale ressaltar a contribuição teórica da pesquisa elaborada sobre modelos de adoção de tecnologia e de tomada de decisão e, sobretudo, acerca do e-governo, eparticipação e tomada de decisão política, além de servir como apoio de ponto de partida para outros projetos de desenvolvimento de plataforma de participação eletrónica.

A Citizen's guide to understanding the Voting rights act /

Errata slip mounted inside back cover.

A citizen's guide to radon : the guide to protecting yourself and your family from radon.

Mode of access: Internet.

Richmond in by-gone days ; being reminiscences of an old citizen.

Mode of access: Internet.