Parents living with HIV in a high-income country: do patients need specific support?

The number of HIV-infected persons with children and caregiving duties is likely to increase. From this statement, the present study was designed to establish how HIV infected caregivers organise their parenting routines and to determine their support needs. A further aim was to ascertain caregivers' perception of conspicuous behaviours displayed by their children. Finally, it sought to determine the extent to which the caregivers' assessment of their parenting activity is influenced by the required support and their children's perceived conspicuous behaviours. The study design was observational and cross-sectional. Sampling was based on the 7 HIV Outpatient Clinics associated with the national population-based Swiss HIV Cohort Study. It focused on persons living with HIV who are responsible for raising children below the age of 18. A total of 520 caregivers were approached and 261 participated. An anonymous, standardised, self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The data were analysed using descriptive statistical procedures and backward elimination multiple regression analysis. The 261 respondents cared for 406 children and adolescents under 18 years of age; the median age was 10 years. The caregivers' material resources were low. 70% had a net family income in a range below the median of Swiss net family income and 30% were dependent on welfare assistance. 73% were undergoing treatment with 86% reporting no physical impairments. The proportion of single caregivers was 34%. 92% of the children were living with their HIV infected caregivers. 80% of the children attended an institution such as a school or kindergarten during the day. 89% of the caregivers had access to social networks providing support. Nevertheless, caregivers required additional support in performing their parenting duties and indicated a need for assistance on the material level, in connection with legal problems and with participation in the labour market. 46% of the caregivers had observed one or more conspicuous behaviours displayed by their children, which indicates a challenging situation. However, most of these caregivers assessed their parenting activity very favourably. Backward elimination multiple regression analysis indicated that a smaller number of support needs, younger age of the eldest child and fewer physical impairments on the part of the caregiver enhance the caregivers' assessment of their parenting activity. Physicians should speak to caregivers living with HIV about their parenting responsibilities and provide the necessary scope for this subject in their consultation sessions. Physicians are in a position to draw their patients' attention to the services available to them.

Predição da porosidade drenável e disponibilidade de água para Cambissolos da Microrregião Campos das Vertentes, MG

O uso de equações para predição de algumas propriedades do solo é importante para redução do tempo e dos custos laboratoriais despendidos, especialmente para aplicação rápida e precisa desses valores em projetos agrícolas. A estimativa de uma propriedade do solo através de outras propriedades, que são obtidas de forma rotineira, deve ser contemplada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter equações que permitam estimar, com boa precisão, o grau de porosidade drenável e a disponibilidade total de água, a partir da análise textural, do teor de matéria orgânica e da densidade do solo, cuja determinação em laboratório é fácil e rápida. Para isto, trabalhou-se com Cambissolos da Microrregião Campos das Vertentes, MG, até a profundidade de 40 cm, utilizando 36 pontos amostrais. Por meio do programa SAS, através do procedimento "Backward", foi possível ajustar equações que apresentaram boas predições das propriedades em estudo a partir de análises rotineiras de laboratório, o que servirá de suporte para futuros estudos na região analisada.

Association of work related chronic stressors and psychiatric symptoms in a Swiss sample of police officers : a cross sectional questionnaire study

Purpose (1) To identify work related stressors that are associated with psychiatric symptoms in a Swiss sample of policemen and (2) to develop a model for identifying officers at risk for developing mental health problems. Method The study design is cross sectional. A total of 354 male police officers answered a questionnaire assessing a wide spectrum of work related stressors. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the "TST questionnaire" (Langner in J Health Hum Behav 4, 269-276, 1962). Logistic regression with backward procedure was used to identify a set of variables collectively associated with high scores for psychiatric symptoms. Results A total of 42 (11.9%) officers had a high score for psychiatric symptoms. Nearly all potential stressors considered were significantly associated (at P < 0.05) with a high score for psychiatric symptoms. A significant model including 6 independent variables was identified: lack of support from superior and organization OR = 3.58 (1.58-8.13), self perception of bad quality work OR = 2.99 (1.35-6.59), inadequate work schedule OR = 2.84 (1.22-6.62), high mental/intellectual demand OR = 2.56 (1.12-5.86), age (in decades) OR = 1.82 (1.21-2.73), and score for physical environment complaints OR = 1.30 (1.03-1.64). Conclusions Most of work stressors considered are associated with psychiatric symptoms. Prevention should target the most frequent stressors with high association to symptoms. Complaints of police officers about stressors should receive proper consideration by the management of public administration. Such complaints might be the expression of psychiatric caseness requiring medical assistance. Particular attention should be given to police officers complaining about many stressors identified in this study's multiple model. [Authors]

El joc d'esquena del davanter centre al futbol, és més eficaç jugant de cara o girant-se?

Segons Castelo (1999, 2009) i Ardá i Casal (2003) la fase ofensiva del futbol es divideix en la fase de progressió, en la qual es busca progressar a porteria, i en la fase de manteniment o emergència, en la qual s’assegura la possessió de la pilota. L’objectiu és analitzar si quan el davanter centre rep la pilota d’esquena a porteria, es manté amb més eficàcia la possessió jugant en progressió o en emergència durant els 5” posteriors a la recepció de la pilota per part del davanter. L’estudi és Descriptiu d’Observació Directa, en aquest s’observen i s’analitzen, a través de vídeos, 10 partits de la fase de grups de la fase final de la Eurocopa 2012, en concret els partits són dels grups A i B. Els resultats confirmen la hipòtesi inicial, ja que es manté amb més eficàcia la pilota quan aquesta es juga en emergència (71%) que no pas en progressió (54%).

Diseño e implementación de una Web dinámica como herramienta para el control de obras en base al coste del proceso de construcción

En la actualidad estamos sufriendo una situación de crisis económica de dimensiones desproporcionadas e inusuales, la cual está obligando a todas las empresas a globalizar en mayor medida el ámbito de actuación de sus negocios, por lo que muchas empresas que trabajaban exclusivamente en el ámbito local o nacional han tenido que expandirse hacia el exterior. Este hecho, añadido a la fortísima competencia existente en el mercado, obligará a todas estas empresas a tener que controlar en mayor medida la actividad productiva, y a hacerlo utilizando tecnologías que faciliten el flujo de la información dentro de la empresa, hagan que la distancia no sea un problema para la transmisión de esa información, y con las que todos los usuarios manejen los mismos datos. El sector de la construcción es uno de los más castigados por la citada crisis, y probablemente uno de los más retrasados en lo que respecta a utilización de Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es el diseño e implementación de una web dinámica como herramienta para medir la eficiencia en el control de la actividad productiva de una empresa constructora. La manera de medir esta eficiencia será mediante la comparación mensual de los costes previstos para las diferentes obras que deba ejecutar la empresa (los cuales podemos llamar estándar) y los que se vayan produciendo realmente. La herramienta diseñada podría ir aumentando su utilidad si, añadiendo módulos mediante la ampliación de la base de datos y diseñando las pertinentes nuevas páginas web para el sitio, se usa también para otros menesteres además del control de la actividad productiva por comparación entre costes previstos y reales. Es decir, que se podría llegar a gestionar la información de todas las actividades de la empresa (compras, recursos humanos, contabilidad, gestión de calidad, etc.). Por lo tanto, una web dinámica como la expuesta en el trabajo podría servir como semilla para el desarrollo de un ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning).

Impacts of Internal Curing on Concrete Properties, TR-676, 2015

Conventional concrete is typically cured using external methods. External curing prevents drying of the surface, allows the mixture to stay warm and moist, and results in continued cement hydration (Taylor 2014). Internal curing is a relatively recent technique that has been developed to prolong cement hydration by providing internal water reservoirs in a concrete mixture that do not adversely affect the concrete mixture’s fresh or hardened physical properties. Internal curing grew out of the need for more durable structural concretes that were resistant to shrinkage cracking. Joint spacing for concrete overlays can be increased if slab warping is reduced or eliminated. One of the most promising potential benefits from using internal curing for concrete overlays, then, is the reduced number of joints due to increased joint spacing (Wei and Hansen 2008).

Seleção de variáveis em modelos matemáticos dos parâmetros de cultivo do camarão marinho Litopenaeus vannamei

O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar as variáveis de manejo do camarão marinho Litopenaeus vannamei que mais influenciaram nas variáveis-respostas ao cultivo (produção, produtividade, peso final e taxa de sobrevivência), em modelos matemáticos. O banco de dados foi composto por 83 cultivos, realizados no período de 2003 a 2005, obtidos de uma fazenda comercial localizada no litoral sul de Pernambuco. Para estimar os parâmetros dos modelos, utilizou-se a técnica dos mínimos quadrados. A seleção das variáveis foi realizada com o processo "backward elimination" associado ao método de transformação de Box e Cox. A adequação das equações e os pressupostos de normalidade e homocedasticidade, para os erros, foram analisadas com base na análise de variância e análise de resíduo. É possível relacionar essas variáveis e estabelecer predições com as equações.

Quantum Hall Phases of two-component bosons

The recent production of synthetic magnetic fields acting on electroneutral particles, such as atoms or photons, has boosted interest in the quantum Hall physics of bosons. Adding pseudospin 1/2 to the bosons greatly enriches the scenario, as it allows them to form an interacting integer quantum Hall (IQH) phase with no fermionic counterpart. Here we show that, for a small two-component Bose gas on a disk, the complete strongly correlated regime, extending from the integer phase at filling factor ν = 2 to the Halperin phase at filling factor ν = 2 / 3, is well described by composite fermionization of the bosons. Moreover we study the edge excitations of the IQH state, which, in agreement with expectations from topological field theory, are found to consist of forward-moving charge excitations and backward-moving spin excitations. Finally, we demonstrate how pair-correlation functions allow one to experimentally distinguish the IQH state from competing states, such as non-Abelian spin singlet (NASS) states.

Field Evaluation of Elliptical Steel Dowel Performance, 2006

Joints are always a concern in the construction and long-term performance of concrete pavements. Research has shown that we need some type of positive load transfer across transverse joints. The same research has directed pavement designers to use round dowels spaced at regular intervals across the transverse joint to distribute the vehicle loads both longitudinally and transversely across the joint. The goal is to reduce bearing stresses on the dowels and the two pavement slab edges and erosion of the underlying surface, hence improved long-term joint and pavement structure performance. Road salts cause metal corrosion in doweled joints, excessive bearing stresses hollow dowel ends, and construction processes are associated with cracking pavement at the end of dowels. Dowels are also a cost factor in the pavement costs when joint spacing is reduced to control curling and warping distress in pavements. Designers desire to place adequate numbers of dowels spaced at the proper locations to handle the anticipated loads and bearing stresses for the design life of the pavement. This interim report is the second of three reports on the evaluation of elliptical steel dowels. This report consists of an update on the testing and performance of the various shapes and sizes of dowels. It also documents the results of the first series of performance surveys and draws interim conclusions about the performance of various bar shapes, sizes, spacings, and basket configurations. In addition to the study of elliptical steel dowel performance, fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) are also tested as elliptical dowel material (in contrast to steel) on a section of the highway construction north of the elliptical steel test sections.

Mesoscale numerical analysis of the historical November 1982 heavy precipitation event over Andorra (Eastern Pyrenees)

From 6 to 8 November 1982 one of the most catastrophic flash-flood events was recorded in the Eastern Pyrenees affecting Andorra and also France and Spain with rainfall accumulations exceeding 400 mm in 24 h, 44 fatalities and widespread damage. This paper aims to exhaustively document this heavy precipitation event and examines mesoscale simulations performed by the French Meso-NH non-hydrostatic atmospheric model. Large-scale simulations show the slow-evolving synoptic environment favourable for the development of a deep Atlantic cyclone which induced a strong southerly flow over the Eastern Pyrenees. From the evolution of the synoptic pattern four distinct phases have been identified during the event. The mesoscale analysis presents the second and the third phase as the most intense in terms of rainfall accumulations and highlights the interaction of the moist and conditionally unstable flows with the mountains. The presence of a SW low level jet (30 m s-1) around 1500 m also had a crucial role on focusing the precipitation over the exposed south slopes of the Eastern Pyrenees. Backward trajectories based on Eulerian on-line passive tracers indicate that the orographic uplift was the main forcing mechanism which triggered and maintained the precipitating systems more than 30 h over the Pyrenees. The moisture of the feeding flow mainly came from the Atlantic Ocean (7-9 g kg-1) and the role of the Mediterranean as a local moisture source was very limited (2-3 g kg-1) due to the high initial water vapour content of the parcels and the rapid passage over the basin along the Spanish Mediterranean coast (less than 12 h).

Identificação de marcadores microssatélites relacionados ao escurecimento de grãos em feijão

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar marcadores microssatélites ligados ao loco de características quantitativas (QTL) responsável pelo escurecimento tardio do tegumento de feijões do tipo carioca, a fim de reduzir o tempo de avaliação necessário para seleção quanto a essa característica. Foram utilizados dados de avaliação fenotípica de 185 progênies F2:3 derivadas do cruzamento VC-3 x 'BRSMG Majestoso', para o estudo do controle genético do escurecimento dos grãos. Com esses dados, foram confeccionados dois "bulks" segregantes de DNA, empregados para a avaliação de 444 pares de primers SSR. Os aplicativos computacionais GQMOL e Sisvar foram utilizados para avaliar as segregações, confeccionar um grupo de ligação e realizar análises de marca simples e de regressão múltipla pelo método "backward". Oito marcadores apresentaram polimorfismo nos "bulks". Seis desses marcadores foram agrupados em um grupo de ligação de 80,49 cM, e destes, três mostraram-se estreitamente ligados ao QTL responsável pelo escurecimento tardio dos grãos. O marcador PVM02TC116 cossegregou com o QTL em questão, e os marcadores PVESTBR-98 (2,00 cM) e PV176 (12,24 cM) flanqueiam essa região, o que sugere elevada eficiência para possível uso na seleção assistida.

A Playful Glance at Hierarchical Questions for Two-Way Alternating Automata

Two-way alternating automata were introduced by Vardi in order to study the satisfiability problem for the modal μ-calculus extended with backwards modalities. In this paper, we present a very simple proof by way of Wadge games of the strictness of the hierarchy of Motowski indices of two-way alternating automata over trees.

Los sectores agroalimentarios español y catalán, un análisis comparativo a través de la tabla input-output

En este trabajo se pretende ofrecer una visión del sector Agroalimentario (SAA) catalán, y muy especialmente, de cual es su situación comparativa dentro del SAA español. Analizando por medio de las tablas input-output aquellas ramas del SAA que actúan como motor en cada una de las economías estudiadas, al mismo tiempo que se detectan las analogías o divergencias entre las dos realidades, la autónoma y la nacional. Los indicadores utilizados para el estudio de la tabla input-output son: Chenery-Watanabe, Rasmussen, Backward linkages, Forward linkdages, multiplicador renta y multiplicador de las importaciones.

Est-ce qu'en discuter fait la différence ? Opinions de jeunes adultes atteints de maladies chroniques après avoir été transférés vers des soins pour adultes [Does talking about it make a difference? Opinions of chronically ill young adults after being transferred to adult care].

1) Introduction: pour les jeunes souffrant de maladie chronique, l'objectif de la transition vers les soins pour adultes est d'optimiser leur fonctionnement et leur potentiel. Le but de cette étude pilote était d'évaluer si les jeunes adultes souffrant de maladie chronique jugeaient que le passage vers les soins adultes était plus facile lorsque la question de la transition avait été discutée au préalable avec leur pédiatre. 2) Matériel et méthodes: deux groupes de jeunes adultes atteints de maladie chronique ont été identifiés selon l'existence (n = 70) ou non (n = 22) d'une discussion préalable avec leur pédiatre à propos de la transition vers une prise en charge pour adultes. Ces deux groupes ont été comparés pour des variables démographiques et de santé. Les variables significatives en analyse bivariée ont été incluses dans une régression logistique descendante pas à pas. 3) Résultats: les jeunes adultes qui avaient discuté de la transition étaient significativement plus nombreux à se sentir prêts (72,9 % vs 45,5 %) et accompagnés (58,6 % vs 27,3 %) pour le transfert, à avoir consulté leur spécialiste pour adultes (60 % vs 31,8 %) et à voir leur médecin sans la présence de leurs parents (70 % vs 40,9 %). En analyse multivariée, seuls, le fait de se sentir accompagné (odds ratio ajustée [ORa] : 3,56) et celui d'avoir consulté leur spécialiste pour adultes (ORa : 4,14) étaient significatifs. 4) Conclusions: la préparation des jeunes souffrant de maladie chronique au transfert vers les soins pour adultes semble bénéfique. Cependant, le transfert lui-même n'est qu'une petite partie du concept beaucoup plus large de la transition vers la vie adulte. Une transition bien planifiée doit permettre à ces jeunes adultes d'atteindre tout leur potentiel. INTRODUCTION: The goal of transition in healthcare for young people with chronic illnesses is to maximize their functioning and potential. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess whether young adults with chronic illnesses found that the transition to adult care was easier when the transition was discussed in advance with their pediatric specialist. METHODS: Two groups were created according to whether patients had discussed (n=70) or not (n=22) the transition with their pediatric specialist and compared regarding demographic and health-related variables. All the significant variables at the bivariate level were included in a backward stepwise logistic regression. RESULTS: Youth who had discussed the transition were significantly more likely to feel ready for the transfer (72.9% vs 45.5%) and accompanied (58.6% vs 27. %) during transfer, to have consulted their specialist for adults (60.0% vs 31.8%), and seen their doctor without the presence of their parents (70.0% vs 40.9%). At the multivariate level, only feeling accompanied during transfer (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 3.56) and having consulted their specialist for adults (aOR: 4.14) remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: Preparing chronically ill youths for transfer to adult care appears to be beneficial for them. However, transfer is only a small part of the much broader transition that is preparation for adult life. A well-planned transition should allow these young people to reach their full potential.

Quality of life after pulmonary embolism: Prospective validation of the German version of the PEmb-QoL questionnaire.

BACKGROUND: The Pulmonary Embolism Quality of Life questionnaire (PEmb-QoL) is a 40-item questionnaire to measure health-related quality of life in patients with pulmonary embolism. It covers six 6 dimensions: frequency of complaints, limitations in activities of daily living, work-related problems, social limitations, intensity of complaints, and emotional complaints. Originally developed in Dutch and English, we prospectively validated a German version of the PEmb-QoL. METHODS: A forward-backward translation of the English version of the PEmb-QoL into German was performed. German-speaking consecutive adult patients aged ≥18 years with an acute, objectively confirmed pulmonary embolism discharged from a Swiss university hospital (01/2011-06/2013) were recruited telephonically. Established psychometric tests and criteria were used to evaluate the acceptability, reliability, and validity of the German PEmb-QoL questionnaire. To assess the underlying dimensions, an exploratory factor analysis was performed. RESULTS: Overall, 102 patients were enrolled in the study. The German version of the PEmb-QoL showed a good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.72 to 0.96), item-total (0.53-0.95) and inter-item correlations (>0.4), and test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficients 0.59-0.89) for the dimension scores. A moderate correlation of the PEmb-QoL with SF-36 dimension and summary scores (0.21-0.83) indicated convergent validity, while low correlations of PEmb-QoL dimensions with clinical characteristics (-0.16-0.37) supported discriminant validity. The exploratory factor analysis suggested four underlying dimensions: limitations in daily activities, symptoms, work-related problems, and emotional complaints. CONCLUSION: The German version of the PEmb-QoL questionnaire is a valid and reliable disease-specific measure for quality of life in patients with pulmonary embolism.