Uma análise das estratégias de manufatura adotadas por seis montadoras da indústria automobilística mundial

The Brazilian automotive industry has undergone profound changes during the 90’s decade, as a consequence of the market opening up through the liberation of automobile imports. The exposure of the Brazilian domestic market to competition with imported products of high quality and lower prices indicated the need for significant changes in those auto industries operating in this country, with the intention of making them competitive. To achieve these objectives management and production concepts were adopted, such as: the just-in-time philosophy; lean manufacturing; outsourcing; reengineering and increasing the rate of automation in both production and management systems. These changes helped to increase productivity and, in turn, reduced the level of employment in the sector, especially in activities where the required qualification levels were low. Despite this modernization, the Brazilian companies have committed themselves to meet the specific needs of the Brazilian market. The objective of this paper is to analyze and present manufacturing strategies from six manufacturers of automotive vehicles: Toyota in Japan, Fiat in Italy, Volkswagen in Brazil and Germany and General Motors in the U.S. and Brazil. The predominant method of research was from reviewing relevant literature, whereas the empirical data was analyzed qualitatively. The article seeks to identify the manufacturing strategies adopted by manufacturers located in the above countries, electing one automotive manufacturer to represent each country. The research demonstrated that the processes for production of automobiles in four plants located in, the U.S. (GM); Italy (Fiat); Japan (Toyota) and Germany (VW) are similar to those adopted in Brazilian industrial plants of the same companies (GM and VW), with differences of operations only in the business strategies adopted by each of them.

Influência da adição do nióbio no comportamento mecânico e microestrutural do aço SAE 6150

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Contribution of electrical parameters on the dynamical behaviour of a nonlinear electromagnetic damper

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Novo regime automotivo brasileiro: desafios e oportunidades da região sul fluminense

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Criação de contexto favorável ao compartilhamento do conhecimento operário: pesquisa no ambiente vidreiro

In search for better competitiveness, the automotive industry has discussed and applied several concepts related to people and processes. However, in many organizations, the adopted concepts are implemented and kept unarticulated. In this context, authors recognize the role of the knowledge as competitive advantage, but it is still dealt in an implicit way with the traditional models of Production Management. Exploring opportunities in this scenario, this Thesis aims to analyse worker knowledge sharing using factors of Knowledge Management, Work Organization and Production Organization. For the realization of the present Thesis, the scope of the research was restricted to be the labour environment of the glass plants shop floor. The choice of the glass sector is justified due to high dependency on the tacit knowledge of blue-collars. The research uses a qualitative-quantitative approach and employs interviews with workers and managers to identify factors. To assess the importance of these factors in the management judgments, is employed the technique Incomplete Pairwise Comparisons based on Analytic Hierarchy Process Saaty (2001). The result indicates integration among factors and highlights the importance of systematic and technical conversation among operators to share better your knowledge. Also, worker knowledge sharing is improved using communication, training and work instruction. This research extends the conceptual frameworks encountered in literature from the factors integration of Knowledge Management with the Organization of Work and the Production and makes explicit use of the theme of knowledge. This contributes to promote of a favourable context for the creation and sharing of knowledge, among the people in the labour environment, and to support incremental innovation

Efeito da microestrutura nas propriedades mecânicas de aços automotivos dissimilares soldados à laser

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Estudo da influência do tratamento térmico a laser nas características dos aços avançados de alta resistência dual phase 600 e transformed induced plasticity 750

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Análise do fatores para o compartilhamento do conhecimento operário em indústrias do setor automotivo no Brasil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Previsão de demanda de veículos automotores através do modelo de regressão linear múltipla

This study aimed to model a equation for the demand of automobiles and light commercial vehicles, based on the data from February 2007 to July 2014, through a multiple regression analysis. The literature review consists of an information collection of the history of automotive industry, and it has contributed to the understanding of the current crisis that affects this market, which consequence was a large reduction in sales. The model developed was evaluated by a residual analysis and also was used an adhesion test - F test - with a significance level of 5%. In addition, a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.8159 was determined, indicating that 81.59% of the demand for automobiles and light commercial vehicles can be explained by the regression variables: interest rate, unemployment rate, broad consumer price index (CPI), gross domestic product (GDP) and tax on industrialized products (IPI). Finally, other ten samples, from August 2014 to May 2015, were tested in the model in order to validate its forecasting quality. Finally, a Monte Carlo Simulation was run in order to obtain a distribution of probabilities of future demands. It was observed that the actual demand in the period after the sample was in the range that was most likely to occur, and that the GDP and the CPI are the variable that have the greatest influence on the developed model

Estudo da utilização de ferramentas a base de nitreto de silício (Si3N4) e alumina (Al2O3) na usinagem do ferro fundido vermicular

Machining is one of the most commonly manufacturing processes used in the modern world, consuming millions of dollars annually. Because of this, it is crucial for the automotive industry to reduce costs on their heat-resistant alloy machining processes, such as compacted graphite iron (CGI), which has shown an increasing trend of its application in diesel engine blocks, brakes disks, among other applications, due to its superior mechanical properties to gray cast iron. Despite this advantage, its use is still limited due to its difficulty of machining, moreover, cutting tools are displayed as the main factor in increasing the machining cost. Seeking an alternative to a better machinability of CGI, this paper aims to study two types of ceramic tools developed in Brazil, and benchmark their performance by dry turning. For this, were used CGI class 450 and two tools: ceramic of silicon nitride (Si3N4) and alumina-based (Al2O3), with a cutting speed (Vc) of 300, 400 and 500 m / min; feed (f) of 0.2 mm / rev and depth of cut (ap) of 0.5 mm, using three replicates and starting with new cutting edges. The results showed that the Al2O3 tool had the best performance in Vc of 500 m / min, while the Si3N4 tool had the best results in Vc of 300 m / min. This can be explained by the tool of Si3N4 based include soft intergranular phase, called amorphous, while alumina has higher abrasion resistance due to its high refractoriness. The results make it clear that the tools have significant potential for machining of compacted graphite iron, being necessary a strict control of the cutting parameters used

Previsão de demanda de veículos automotores através do modelo de regressão linear múltipla

This study aimed to model a equation for the demand of automobiles and light commercial vehicles, based on the data from February 2007 to July 2014, through a multiple regression analysis. The literature review consists of an information collection of the history of automotive industry, and it has contributed to the understanding of the current crisis that affects this market, which consequence was a large reduction in sales. The model developed was evaluated by a residual analysis and also was used an adhesion test - F test - with a significance level of 5%. In addition, a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.8159 was determined, indicating that 81.59% of the demand for automobiles and light commercial vehicles can be explained by the regression variables: interest rate, unemployment rate, broad consumer price index (CPI), gross domestic product (GDP) and tax on industrialized products (IPI). Finally, other ten samples, from August 2014 to May 2015, were tested in the model in order to validate its forecasting quality. Finally, a Monte Carlo Simulation was run in order to obtain a distribution of probabilities of future demands. It was observed that the actual demand in the period after the sample was in the range that was most likely to occur, and that the GDP and the CPI are the variable that have the greatest influence on the developed model

Estudo da utilização de ferramentas a base de nitreto de silício (Si3N4) e alumina (Al2O3) na usinagem do ferro fundido vermicular

Machining is one of the most commonly manufacturing processes used in the modern world, consuming millions of dollars annually. Because of this, it is crucial for the automotive industry to reduce costs on their heat-resistant alloy machining processes, such as compacted graphite iron (CGI), which has shown an increasing trend of its application in diesel engine blocks, brakes disks, among other applications, due to its superior mechanical properties to gray cast iron. Despite this advantage, its use is still limited due to its difficulty of machining, moreover, cutting tools are displayed as the main factor in increasing the machining cost. Seeking an alternative to a better machinability of CGI, this paper aims to study two types of ceramic tools developed in Brazil, and benchmark their performance by dry turning. For this, were used CGI class 450 and two tools: ceramic of silicon nitride (Si3N4) and alumina-based (Al2O3), with a cutting speed (Vc) of 300, 400 and 500 m / min; feed (f) of 0.2 mm / rev and depth of cut (ap) of 0.5 mm, using three replicates and starting with new cutting edges. The results showed that the Al2O3 tool had the best performance in Vc of 500 m / min, while the Si3N4 tool had the best results in Vc of 300 m / min. This can be explained by the tool of Si3N4 based include soft intergranular phase, called amorphous, while alumina has higher abrasion resistance due to its high refractoriness. The results make it clear that the tools have significant potential for machining of compacted graphite iron, being necessary a strict control of the cutting parameters used

Uma investigação sobre a relação entre o projeto do produto e produção em uma montadora automotiva e fornecedores de motores que adotam a modularidade

A modularidade pode ser entendida como um conjunto de conceitos que leva a novas possibilidades de arquitetura de produto, bem como novas maneiras de organização da produção, possibilitando a transferência de atividades ao longo da cadeia de suprimentos automotiva. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é investigar o emprego da modularidade no projeto de produto e na produção, considerando uma situação de relação específica entre uma montadora de veículos comerciais e fornecedores de motores, no âmbito do consórcio modular. É também analisada a relação entre a modularidade no projeto de produto e na produção. Para a consecução desses objetivos é adotada a abordagem metodológica de estudo de caso. Os resultados apresentam algumas influências que ocorrem entre o projeto do produto e a produção e vice-versa, uma parte delas esperadas, reforçando o caráter confirmatório dos dados coletados. Constata-se que o conceito de modularidade pode ser aplicado ao processo produtivo sem necessariamente que o produto tenha sido concebido em módulos, ou seja, a partir de um produto existente é possível montar seus componentes formando subconjuntos em uma lógica modular. Os dados confirmam ainda que a estrutura do produto de um veículo comercial favorece a sua divisão em módulos. Adicionalmente, a gestão da cadeia de suprimentos na montadora é simplificada em comparação ao sistema de produção convencional, pois parte das responsabilidades da montadora é transferida para os fornecedores.

Simulazione dinamica di un veicolo dotato di powertrain ibrido endotermico-elettrico

Nel panorama motoristico ed automobilistico moderno lo sviluppo di motori a combustione interna e veicoli è fortemente influenzato da diverse esigenze che spesso sono in contrasto le une con le altre. Infatti gli obiettivi di economicità e riduzione dei costi riguardanti la produzione e la commercializzazione dei prodotti sono in contrasto con gli sforzi che devono essere operati dalle case produttrici per soddisfare le sempre più stringenti normative riguardanti le emissioni inquinanti ed i consumi di carburante dei veicoli. Fra le numerose soluzioni presenti i veicoli ibridi rappresentano una alternativa che allo stato attuale è già presente sul mercato in varie forme, a seconda della tipologie di energie accoppiate. In letteratura è possibile trovare numerosi studi che trattano l’ottimizzazione dei componenti o delle strategie di controllo di queste tipologie di veicoli: in moltissimi casi l’obiettivo è quello di minimizzare consumi ed emissioni inquinanti. Normalmente non viene posta particolare attenzione agli effetti che l’aggiunta delle macchine elettriche e dei componenti necessari per il funzionamento delle stesse hanno sulla dinamica del veicolo. Il presente lavoro di tesi è incentrato su questi aspetti: si è considerata la tipologia di veicoli ibridi termici-elettrici di tipo parallelo andando ad analizzare come cambiasse il comportamento dinamico del veicolo in funzione del tipo di installazione considerato per la parte elettrica del powertrain. In primo luogo è stato quindi necessario costruire ed implementare un modello dinamico di veicolo che permettesse di applicare coppie alle quattro ruote in maniera indipendente per considerare diverse tipologie di powertrain. In seguito si sono analizzate le differenze di comportamento dinamico fra il veicolo considerato e l’equivalente versione ibrida e i possibili utilizzi delle macchine elettriche per correggere eventuali deterioramenti o cambiamenti indesiderati nelle prestazioni del veicolo.

Technological trajectories and environmental policy: the transformation of the automobile

This thesis aims to fill the gap in the literature by examining the relationship between technological trajectories and environmental policy in the automotive industry, focusing on the role of environmental policies in unlocking the industry from fossil fuel path-dependence. It first explores the inducement mechanism that underpins the interaction between environmental policy and green technological advances, investigating under what conditions the European environmental transport policy portfolio and the intrinsic characteristics of assignees' knowledge boost worldwide green patent production. Subsequently, the thesis empirically analyses the dynamics of technological knowledge involved in technological trajectories assessing evolution patterns such as variation, selection and retention, in order to study the impact of policy implementation on technological knowledge related to electric and hybrid vehicle technologies. Finally, the thesis sheds light on the drivers that encourage a shift from incumbent internal combustion engine technologies towards low-emission vehicle technologies. This analysis tests whether tax-inclusive fuel prices and technological proximity between technological fields induce a shift from non-environmental inventions to environmentally friendly inventive activities and if they impact the competition between alternative vehicle technologies. The findings provide insights into the effectiveness of environmental policy in triggering inventive activities related to the development of alternative vehicle technologies. In addition, there is evidence that environmental policy redirects technological efforts towards a sustainable path and impacts the competition between low-emission vehicles.