Aplicação dos conceitos de RCM e a ferramenta FMEA no aumento de confiabilidade em equipamentos de uma indústria química

The growing demand for quality at competitive prices and fast production process put to the test function in the industrial Maintenance. The need for equipment with high availability to fit this fierce competitiveness makes maintenance becomes essentially reliable. Despite this current context, many companies still have an old view of maintenance, focused only on corrective services, and proposals for change are often neglected due to the sense of urgency day to day. Thus, this study aims to demonstrate through theoretical applicability of simple tool, but of great value in increasing reliability within the maintenance sector of an industry, applying the concepts of Reliability Centered Maintenance – RCM and Analysis tool Failure Modes and Effects – FMEA in equipment of a chemical company directly involved in the manufacturing process of the brake fluid, which this product is used in vehicles around the country. That way, you can identify the types, occurrence and criticality of each failure and evaluate assertively decision making for each device, avoiding unnecessary downtime and potential failures of the same

Análise da confiabilidade de equipamentos em uma indústria química com aplicações de ferramentas da melhoria contínua

The constant search for improvements and the survival of organizations makes the strategic guidelines are deployed and executed at the operational levels. This work is the approach to critical analysis of the equipment of a chemical industry through a case study based on the classification of each equipment manufactures through qualitative and quantitative analysis on the pillars of maintenance costs, loss of production, MTBF, contribution margin, Health Safety and Environment (SHE). From this study and future data collection, along with the flow diagram show the main equipment that should be special attention. To this can be prepared an action plan with deadlines and responsible. With the results one can measure the maintenance costs, loss of production and technical availability of the plant, with future gains

Desenvolvimento de solução para o problema de alocação de navios em berços de terminais portuários: aplicação de algoritmos genéticos e otimização por nuvens de partículas

This work proposes two optimization algorithms for the solution of the Berth Allocation Problem (PAB). Due to the economic development of the country, it became necessary for the improvement of means of transport, which mainly shipping. For this, you need a better system management port, you will receive a lot of ships carrying cargo. In this work the PAB is approached so that the goals are to reduce costs and time handling in ports. For this, we applied two computational techniques, genetic algorithms and optimization for cloud particles, to obtain the best results for this problem. The results obtained with each type of algorithm are compared to conclude which method is more efficient for the port system

Uso de algoritmos genéticos na otimização do sistema de coleta do palhiço de cana-de-açúcar

The Brazilian government has convinced the world that ethanol deriving from sugar cane is a promissory means of sustainable fuel for vehicles. There is a great growth of ex vehicles , i.e, run both by ethanol and gasoline, due to competent automotive industries and e cient alcohol production technology. In 2009 and 2010 the ethanol production was 25.7 billion liters and 53.8% of sugar cane production was destined to alcohol production. Nevertheless, the sugar production also derived from sugar cane should increase in 2011. Brazil produced 33 million tons of sugar in the last harvest. With sugar cane on the rise production is arising new environmental problems. The harvest using mechanized cut besides improving the logistic transportation system leaves the generating residue in the eld. This residue is a mixture of straw, leavings and scrap of sugar cane named sugar cane crop residue and corresponds to 30% of biomass and can be burned and produce electricity by cogeneration. But the transport the sugar cane crop from the eld is expensive due costs involved in the transport system. This work aims to propose a formulation for the bales collecting problem from sugar cane eld to mill that minimize the costs involved in the transport system. The computational tests use the C++ language and an algorithm based on genetic algorithms techniques

Análise de algoritmos computacionais utilizados em sistemas de planejamento de braquiterapia de alta taxa de dose: estudo comparativo com o Código MCNP-5C

In radiotherapy, computational systems are used for radiation dose determination in the treatment’s volume and radiometric parameters quality analysis of equipment and field irradiated. Due to the increasing technological advancement, several research has been performed in brachytherapy for different computational algorithms development which may be incorporated to treatment planning systems, providing greater accuracy and confidence in the dose calculation. Informatics and information technology fields undergo constant updating and refinement, allowing the use Monte Carlo Method to simulate brachytherapy source dose distribution. The methodology formalization employed to dosimetric analysis is based mainly in the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) studies, by Task Group nº 43 (TG-43) and protocols aimed at dosimetry of these radiation sources types. This work aims to analyze the feasibility of using the MCNP-5C (Monte Carlo N-Particle) code to obtain radiometric parameters of brachytherapy sources and so to study the radiation dose variation in the treatment planning. Simulations were performed for the radiation dose variation in the source plan and determined the dosimetric parameters required by TG-43 formalism for the characterization of the two high dose rate iridium-192 sources. The calculated values were compared with the presents in the literature, which were obtained with different Monte Carlo simulations codes. The results showed excellent consistency with the compared codes, enhancing MCNP-5C code the capacity and viability in the sources dosimetry employed in HDR brachytherapy. The method employed may suggest a possible incorporation of this code in the treatment planning systems provided by manufactures together with the equipment, since besides reducing acquisition cost, it can also make the used computational routines more comprehensive, facilitating the brachytherapy ...

Algoritmos de Thinning e suas aplicações

This monograph aims to study the problem of thinning, also known by Image Skeletonization, to explore their applications in areas such as, Biometrics, Medicine, Engineering and Cartography. The algorithms of thinning can be classi ed into two major groups: iterative algorithms and non-iterative algorithms. Iterative are sub-divided into sequential algorithms and parallel algorithms. In order to develop a computer system able to extract the skeleton of an image, were studied, analyzed and implemented di erent algorithms for this problem, precisely those of Stentiford, Zhang Suen, and Holt

Localização automática de pontos de controle em imagens aéreas baseada em cenas terrestres verticais

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Gestão da Manutenção Centrada na Confiabilidade em Pontes Rolantes

The objective of this work is to perform a study applying the methodology of Reliability Centered Maintenance - MCC to a group of cranes belonging to Amsted -Maxion in Cruzeiro - SP. The work consists of a presentation of maintenance, the reasons why more and more people worry about maintenance, making a presentation on the types of maintenance, its peculiar characteristics and then do a study where you identified the functionality required by the equipment under study, identified failure modes and their probable causes, and then detail the effects and consequences of these failures. With that evaluate the criticality of these failures and identify the most significant consequences that affect safety, availability or cost of equipment operation and allow a selection of the most appropriate tasks for the identified failure modes. We will also present best crane equipment, its main components, verify that there was or not improvement in the machine after the application of MCC and make a current analysis of maintenance in Amsted -Maxion

Algoritmo tabu search especializado para o problema de planejamento da expansao de sistemas de transmissão

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Confiabilidade do teste de identificação de transtornos devido ao uso de álcool (AUDIT) em adolescentes

The objective of this study was to estimate the reliability of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) applied to adolescents. Evaluations were performed with 141 students of ages ranging from 14 to 17 years (14.93±0.62). The internal consistency of the instrument was estimated by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and its reproducibility by weighted Kappa statistics by score and by a reliability interval of 95%. The AUDIT presented excellent internal consistency (α=0.80, rinter-item=0.29). Most questions present reproducibility ranked as “good”. It is concluded that the AUDIT is a reliable instrument to survey information about alcohol use in adolescents.

Confiabilidade de coroas com infraestrutura em zircônia sob fadiga deslizante: efeito do tipo de tratamento interno para cimentação

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Modelo mecânico para estruturas lineares em concreto armado - uma abordagem acoplada entre a mecânica do dano e algoritmos de otimização

Modelos escritos através dos conceitos da Mecânica do Dano no Contínuo representam atualmente uma alternativa consistente para a simulação numérica do comportamento de estruturas constituídas por materiais quase frágeis, onde a perda de rigidez em função da fissuração crescente é o fator preponderante da resposta não-linear de seus elementos estruturais. No entanto, modelos de dano apresentam forte dependência de parâmetros internos usados para descrever os critérios e evolução das variáveis de dano, que devem ser calibrados adequadamente para uma resposta mecânica coerente da estrutura. Neste contexto, o artigo mostra um estudo sobre a calibração de parâmetros do modelo de dano de Mazars e sua aplicação na análise numérica de vigas e pórticos planos em concreto armado. O Método dos Mínimos Quadrados é adotado para resolver o problema, em conjunto com a técnica de Gauss-Newton. Em virtude da ausência de resultados experimentais para diversas classes de resistência do concreto, como referência para o processo de calibração, são adotados alguns modelos constitutivos teóricos tanto à tração quanto à compressão. Esse processo de calibração de parâmetros é incorporado a um modelo mecânico em elementos finitos para análise de barras em concreto armado, com a consideração conjunta dos mecanismos complementares de resistência ao cisalhamento, como efeito de pino, armadura transversal e engrenamento de agregados. Uma lei constitutiva exponencial para o decaimento da resistência à tração do concreto é proposta com o objetivo de simular o comportamento do tipo tension softening do material. Testes de simulação envolvendo o modelo proposto foram realizados, comparando-se com resultados experimentais e numéricos mostrando a boa precisão e capacidade de obtenção de cargas últimas em estruturas de barras em concreto armado.

Avaliação da participação e confiabilidade da população em relação à campanha de vacinação anual contra a raiva de cães e gatos no município de Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil

The annual vaccination campaign against rabies is the most effective prevention procedure for this disease in dogs and cats and hence for human protection also. However, in 2010 and 2011, this activity was interrupted in Brazil due to the occurrence of adverse events associated with vaccination. Even though cases of canine rabies have been decreasing in the last two decades, vigilance must be strengthened in order to maintain pet owners trust in the vaccines provided in public services. This study aimed to determine pet owners participation in the annual vaccination campaign carried out in Botucatu. During March and April 2012, the period before the 42nd campaign, 312 pet owners, dogs and cats, were interviewed. The homes were randomly drawn in blocks from different sectors of the city; all houses on the same block over the 120 km² of urban area participated in the sampling process. Statistical analysis was performed descriptively. The results showed that the owners main motivation to vaccinate their pets during the campaigns is rabies prevention (36%), followed by the proximity of the vaccination station to the house (20.7%), zero cost (10.9%), and the combination of all three factors (16.1%). When asked if they would take their animals back to be vaccinated in another campaign, 60.1% answered yes, 13.5% would go to a private clinic, 2.2% would not take because they do not trust the vaccine and 1.6% had not decided yet. We conclude that the respondents have realized how dangerous Rabies is, because even after the break period, they still utilized the vaccination campaign demonstrating confidence in its effectiveness, while knowing the campaign goals facilitates understanding and participation.

Algoritmos de aprendizado semi-supervisionado baseados em grafos aplicados na bioinformática

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Aplicação da teoria da confiabilidade em estacas escavadas de grande diâmetro para obtenção das superfícies resistentes de projeto

In this work, the author looks forward to develop a new method capable of incorporate the concepts of the Reliability Theory and Ruin Probability in Deep Foundations, in order to do a better quantification of the uncertainties, which is intrinsic in all geotechnical projects, meanly because we don't know all the properties of the materials that we work with. Using the methodologies of Decourt Quaresma and David Cabral, resistance surfaces have been developed utilizing the data achieved from the Standard Penetration Tests performed in the field of study, in conjecture with the loads defined in the executive project of the piles. The construction of resistance surfaces shows to be a very useful tool for decision making, no matter in which phase it is current on, projecting or execution. The surfaces were developed by Kriging (using the software Surfer® 12), making it easier to visualize the geotechnical profile of the field of study. Comparing the results, the conclusion was that a high safety factor doesn't mean higher security. It is fundamental to consider the loads and resistance of the piles in the whole field, carefully choosing the project methodology responsible to define the diameter and length of the piles