Middleware per Internet of Things: Java Embedded come caso di studio

Grazie al progresso dell'elettronica, ai giorni nostri, è possibile costruire dispositivi elettronici molto piccoli, che col passare del tempo lo sono sempre più. Questo ci permette di poter imboccare nuove strade nel mondo dell'informatica, sfruttando proprio questo fatto. Le dimensioni ridotte dei dispositivi in commercio, come sensori, attuatori, tag e tanto altro, sono particolarmente adatte a nuovi scenari applicativi. Internet of Things è una visione in cui Internet viene esteso alle cose. Facendo largo uso di dispositivi come sensori e tag è possibile realizzare sistemi intelligenti che possono avere riscontri positivi nella vita di tutti i giorni. Tracciare la posizione degli oggetti, monitorare pazienti da remoto, rilevare dati sull'ambiente per realizzare sistemi automatici (ad esempio regolare automaticamente la luce o la temperatura di una stanza) sono solo alcuni esempi. Internet of Things è la naturale evoluzione di Internet, ed è destinato a cambiare radicalmente la nostra vita futura, poichè la tecnologia sarà sempre più parte integrante della nostra vita, aumentando sempre più il nostro benessere e riducendo sempre più il numero delle azioni quotidiane da compiere. Sempre più sono middleware, le piattaforme e i sistemi operativi che nascono per cercare di eliminare o ridurre le problematiche relative allo sviluppo di sistemi di questo genere, e lo scopo di questa tesi è proprio sottolinearne l'importanza e di analizzare gli aspetti che questi middleware devono affrontare. La tesi è strutturata in questo modo: nel capitolo uno verrà fatta una introduzione a Internet of Things, analizzando alcuni degli innumerevoli scenari applicativi che ne derivano, insieme però alle inevitabili problematiche di tipo tecnologico e sociale. Nel secondo capitolo verranno illustrate le tecnologie abilitanti di Internet of Things, grazie alle quali è possibile realizzare sistemi intelligenti. Nel terzo capitolo verranno analizzati gli aspetti relativi ai middleware, sottolineandone l'importanza e prestando attenzione alle funzioni che devono svolgere, il tutto riportando anche degli esempi di middleware esistenti. Nel quarto capitolo verrà approfondito il middleware Java Embedded di Oracle.

Progettazione, caratterizzazione e calibrazione di un sensore di tensione contactless per smart metering

Progettazione di un sistema di misura contactless per la tensione, da integrare in un nodo sensore di una Wireless Sensor Network per Smart Metering Distribuito

Progettazione ed implementazione di una piattaforma per il monitoraggio della copertura internet mobile attraverso un approccio di data-crowdsourcing

L'obiettivo di questa Tesi di laurea è di creare un applicativo che informi gli utenti sulle reti circostanti, in particolare sulla qualità del segnale, sulle zone in cui la rete mobile è carente e sui punti d'accesso aperti. Per l'implementazione del servizio, è stato adottato un modello di business, il Crowdsourcing, per raccogliere informazioni sui sistemi di connessione, affinché qualsiasi utente dotato di Smartphone possa aggiungere elementi al dataset.

USING PROBABILISTIC GRAPHICAL MODELS TO DRAW INFERENCES IN SENSOR NETWORKS WITH TRACKING APPLICATIONS

Sensor networks have been an active research area in the past decade due to the variety of their applications. Many research studies have been conducted to solve the problems underlying the middleware services of sensor networks, such as self-deployment, self-localization, and synchronization. With the provided middleware services, sensor networks have grown into a mature technology to be used as a detection and surveillance paradigm for many real-world applications. The individual sensors are small in size. Thus, they can be deployed in areas with limited space to make unobstructed measurements in locations where the traditional centralized systems would have trouble to reach. However, there are a few physical limitations to sensor networks, which can prevent sensors from performing at their maximum potential. Individual sensors have limited power supply, the wireless band can get very cluttered when multiple sensors try to transmit at the same time. Furthermore, the individual sensors have limited communication range, so the network may not have a 1-hop communication topology and routing can be a problem in many cases. Carefully designed algorithms can alleviate the physical limitations of sensor networks, and allow them to be utilized to their full potential. Graphical models are an intuitive choice for designing sensor network algorithms. This thesis focuses on a classic application in sensor networks, detecting and tracking of targets. It develops feasible inference techniques for sensor networks using statistical graphical model inference, binary sensor detection, events isolation and dynamic clustering. The main strategy is to use only binary data for rough global inferences, and then dynamically form small scale clusters around the target for detailed computations. This framework is then extended to network topology manipulation, so that the framework developed can be applied to tracking in different network topology settings. Finally the system was tested in both simulation and real-world environments. The simulations were performed on various network topologies, from regularly distributed networks to randomly distributed networks. The results show that the algorithm performs well in randomly distributed networks, and hence requires minimum deployment effort. The experiments were carried out in both corridor and open space settings. A in-home falling detection system was simulated with real-world settings, it was setup with 30 bumblebee radars and 30 ultrasonic sensors driven by TI EZ430-RF2500 boards scanning a typical 800 sqft apartment. Bumblebee radars are calibrated to detect the falling of human body, and the two-tier tracking algorithm is used on the ultrasonic sensors to track the location of the elderly people.

Method of collaborative detection of autonomous transport vehicles based on laser rangefinder data

To master changing performance demands, autonomous transport vehicles are deployed to make inhouse material flow applications more flexible. The socalled cellular transport system consists of a multitude of small scale transport vehicles which shall be able to form a swarm. Therefore the vehicles need to detect each other, exchange information amongst each other and sense their environment. By provision of peripherally acquired information of other transport entities, more convenient decisions can be made in terms of navigation and collision avoidance. This paper is a contribution to collective utilization of sensor data in the swarm of cellular transport vehicles.

NodePM: A Remote Monitoring Alert System for Energy Consumption Using Probabilistic Techniques

In this paper, we propose an intelligent method, named the Novelty Detection Power Meter (NodePM), to detect novelties in electronic equipment monitored by a smart grid. Considering the entropy of each device monitored, which is calculated based on a Markov chain model, the proposed method identifies novelties through a machine learning algorithm. To this end, the NodePM is integrated into a platform for the remote monitoring of energy consumption, which consists of a wireless sensors network (WSN). It thus should be stressed that the experiments were conducted in real environments different from many related works, which are evaluated in simulated environments. In this sense, the results show that the NodePM reduces by 13.7% the power consumption of the equipment we monitored. In addition, the NodePM provides better efficiency to detect novelties when compared to an approach from the literature, surpassing it in different scenarios in all evaluations that were carried out.

Semantic middleware development for the Internet of Things

After the extraordinary spread of the World Wide Web during the last fifteen years, engineers and developers are pushing now the Internet to its next border. A new conception in computer science and networks communication has been burgeoning during roughly the last decade: a world where most of the computers of the future will be extremely downsized, to the point that they will look like dust at its most advanced prototypes. In this vision, every single element of our “real” world has an intelligent tag that carries all their relevant data, effectively mapping the “real” world into a “virtual” one, where all the electronically augmented objects are present, can interact among them and influence with their behaviour that of the other objects, or even the behaviour of a final human user. This is the vision of the Internet of the Future, which also draws ideas of several novel tendencies in computer science and networking, as pervasive computing and the Internet of Things. As it has happened before, materializing a new paradigm that changes the way entities interrelate in this new environment has proved to be a goal full of challenges in the way. Right now the situation is exciting, with a plethora of new developments, proposals and models sprouting every time, often in an uncoordinated, decentralised manner away from any standardization, resembling somehow the status quo of the first developments of advanced computer networking, back in the 60s and the 70s. Usually, a system designed after the Internet of the Future will consist of one or several final user devices attached to these final users, a network –often a Wireless Sensor Network- charged with the task of collecting data for the final user devices, and sometimes a base station sending the data for its further processing to less hardware-constrained computers. When implementing a system designed with the Internet of the Future as a pattern, issues, and more specifically, limitations, that must be faced are numerous: lack of standards for platforms and protocols, processing bottlenecks, low battery lifetime, etc. One of the main objectives of this project is presenting a functional model of how a system based on the paradigms linked to the Internet of the Future works, overcoming some of the difficulties that can be expected and showing a model for a middleware architecture specifically designed for a pervasive, ubiquitous system. This Final Degree Dissertation is divided into several parts. Beginning with an Introduction to the main topics and concepts of this new model, a State of the Art is offered so as to provide a technological background. After that, an example of a semantic and service-oriented middleware is shown; later, a system built by means of this semantic and service-oriented middleware, and other components, is developed, justifying its placement in a particular scenario, describing it and analysing the data obtained from it. Finally, the conclusions inferred from this system and future works that would be good to be tackled are mentioned as well. RESUMEN Tras el extraordinario desarrollo de la Web durante los últimos quince años, ingenieros y desarrolladores empujan Internet hacia su siguiente frontera. Una nueva concepción en la computación y la comunicación a través de las redes ha estado floreciendo durante la última década; un mundo donde la mayoría de los ordenadores del futuro serán extremadamente reducidas de tamaño, hasta el punto que parecerán polvo en sus más avanzado prototipos. En esta visión, cada uno de los elementos de nuestro mundo “real” tiene una etiqueta inteligente que porta sus datos relevantes, mapeando de manera efectiva el mundo “real” en uno “virtual”, donde todos los objetos electrónicamente aumentados están presentes, pueden interactuar entre ellos e influenciar con su comportamiento el de los otros, o incluso el comportamiento del usuario final humano. Ésta es la visión del Internet del Futuro, que también toma ideas de varias tendencias nuevas en las ciencias de la computación y las redes de ordenadores, como la computación omnipresente y el Internet de las Cosas. Como ha sucedido antes, materializar un nuevo paradigma que cambia la manera en que las entidades se interrelacionan en este nuevo entorno ha demostrado ser una meta llena de retos en el camino. Ahora mismo la situación es emocionante, con una plétora de nuevos desarrollos, propuestas y modelos brotando todo el rato, a menudo de una manera descoordinada y descentralizada lejos de cualquier estandarización, recordando de alguna manera el estado de cosas de los primeros desarrollos de redes de ordenadores avanzadas, allá por los años 60 y 70. Normalmente, un sistema diseñado con el Internet del futuro como modelo consistirá en uno o varios dispositivos para usuario final sujetos a estos usuarios finales, una red –a menudo, una red de sensores inalámbricos- encargada de recolectar datos para los dispositivos de usuario final, y a veces una estación base enviando los datos para su consiguiente procesado en ordenadores menos limitados en hardware. Al implementar un sistema diseñado con el Internet del futuro como patrón, los problemas, y más específicamente, las limitaciones que deben enfrentarse son numerosas: falta de estándares para plataformas y protocolos, cuellos de botella en el procesado, bajo tiempo de vida de las baterías, etc. Uno de los principales objetivos de este Proyecto Fin de Carrera es presentar un modelo funcional de cómo trabaja un sistema basado en los paradigmas relacionados al Internet del futuro, superando algunas de las dificultades que pueden esperarse y mostrando un modelo de una arquitectura middleware específicamente diseñado para un sistema omnipresente y ubicuo. Este Proyecto Fin de Carrera está dividido en varias partes. Empezando por una introducción a los principales temas y conceptos de este modelo, un estado del arte es ofrecido para proveer un trasfondo tecnológico. Después de eso, se muestra un ejemplo de middleware semántico orientado a servicios; después, se desarrolla un sistema construido por medio de este middleware semántico orientado a servicios, justificando su localización en un escenario particular, describiéndolo y analizando los datos obtenidos de él. Finalmente, las conclusiones extraídas de este sistema y las futuras tareas que sería bueno tratar también son mencionadas.

Redes y servicios ubicuos para Internet de las Cosas en dispositivos llevables

En las últimas décadas se han producido importantes avances tecnológicos, lo que ha producido un crecimiento importante de las Redes Inalámbricas de Sensores (RIS), conocidas en inglés como Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Estas redes están formadas por un conjunto de pequeños nodos o también, conocidos como motas, compuestos por diversos tipos de sensores. Las Redes Inalámbricas de Sensores pueden resultar muy útiles en entornos donde el despliegue de redes cableadas, formadas por ordenadores, encaminadores u otros dispositivos de red no sea posible. Sin embargo, este tipo de redes presentan una serie de carencias o problemas que dificultan, en ocasiones, su implementación y despliegue. Este Proyecto Fin de Carrera tiene como principales objetivos: diseñar e implementar un agente que haga uso de la tecnología Bluetooth para que se pueda comunicar tanto con la arquitectura orientada a servicios, vía radio, como con el módulo Bioharness para obtener parámetros fisiológicos; ofrecer una serie de servicios simples a la Red Inalámbrica de Sensores; diseñar un algoritmo para un sistema de alarmas; realizar e implementar una pasarela entre protocolos que usen el estándar IEEE802.15.4 (ZigBee) y el estándar IEEE802.15.1 de la Tecnología Bluetooth. Por último, implementar una aplicación Android para el reloj WiMM y que este pueda recibir alarmas en tiempo real a través del la Interfaz Bluetooth. Para lograr estos objetivos, en primer lugar realizaremos un estudio del Estado del Arte de las Redes Inalámbricas de Sensores, con el fin de estudiar su arquitectura, el estándar Bluetooth y los dispositivos Bluetooth que se han utilizado en este Proyecto. Seguidamente, describiremos detalladamente el firmware iWRAP versión 4, centrándonos en sus modos de operación, comandos AT y posibles errores que puedan ocurrir. A continuación, se describirá la arquitectura y la especificación nSOM, para adentrarnos en la arquitectura orientada a servicios. Por último, ejecutaremos la fase de validación del sistema y se analizarán los resultados obtenidos durante la fase de pruebas. ABSTRACT In last decades there have been significant advances in technology, which has resulted in important growth of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). These networks consist of a small set of nodes, also known as spots; equipped with various types of sensors. Wireless Sensor Networks can be very useful in environments where deployment of wired networks, formed by computers, routers or other network devices is not possible. However, these networks have a number of shortcomings or challenges to, sometimes, their implementation and deployment. The main objectives of this Final Project are to design and implement an agent that makes use of Bluetooth technology so you can communicate with both the service-oriented architecture, via radio, as with Bioharness module for physiological parameters; offer simple services to Wireless Sensor Network, designing an algorithm for an alarm system, make and implement a gateway between protocols using the standard IEEE802.15.4 (ZigBee) and IEEE802.15.1 standard Bluetooth Technology. Finally, implement an Android application for WiMM watch that can receive real-time alerts through the Bluetooth interface. In order to achieve these objectives, firstly we are going to carry out a study of the State of the Art in Wireless Sensor Network, where we study the architecture, the Bluetooth standard and Bluetooth devices that have been used in this project. Then, we will describe in detail the iWRAP firmware version 4, focusing on their operation modes, AT commands and errors that may occur. Therefore, we will describe the architecture and specification nSOM, to enter into the service-oriented architecture. Finally, we will execute the phase of validation of the system in a real application scenario, analyzing the results obtained during the testing phase.

Open multi-technology building energy management system

Energy Efficiency is one of the goals of the Smart Building initiatives. This paper presents an Open Energy Management System which consists of an ontology-based multi-technology platform and a wireless transducer network using 6LoWPAN communication technology. The system allows the integration of several building automation protocols and eases the development of different kind of services to make use of them. The system has been implemented and tested in the Energy Efficiency Research Facility at CeDInt-UPM.

Bat-MP: An Ontology-Based Energy Management Platform

This paper presents an Ontology-Based multi-technology platform as part of an open energy management system which also comprises a wireless transducer network for control and monitoring. The platform allows the integration of several building automation protocols, eases the development and implementation of different kinds of services and allows sharing of the data of a building. The system has been implemented and tested in the Energy Efficiency Research Facility at CeDInt-UPM.

The DLMT hardware implementation. A comparative study with the DCT and the DWT

In the last recent years, with the popularity of image compression techniques, many architectures have been proposed. Those have been generally based on the Forward and Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform (FDCT, IDCT). Alternatively, compression schemes based on discrete "wavelets" transform (DWT), used, both, in JPEG2000 coding standard and in H264-SVC (Scalable Video Coding) standard, do not need to divide the image into non-overlapping blocks or macroblocks. This paper discusses the DLMT (Discrete Lopez-Moreno Transform) hardware implementation. It proposes a new scheme intermediate between the DCT and the DWT, comparing results of the most relevant proposed architectures for benchmarking. The DLMT can also be applied over a whole image, but this does not involve increasing computational complexity. FPGA implementation results show that the proposed DLMT has significant performance benefits and improvements comparing with the DCT and the DWT and consequently it is very suitable for implementation on WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) applications.

Simulador WKM para gestión de conocimiento en una WSN

La gestión del conocimiento (KM) se basa en la captación, filtración, procesamiento y análisis de unos datos en bruto que con dicho refinamiento podrán llegar a convertirse en conocimiento o Sabiduría. Estas prácticas tendrán lugar en este PFC en una WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) compuesta de unos sofisticados dispositivos comúnmente conocidos como “motas” y cuya principal característica son sus bajas capacidades en cuanto a memoria, batería o autonomía. Ha sido objetivo primordial de este Proyecto de fin de Carrera aunar una WSN con la Gestión del Conocimiento así como demostrar que es posible llevar a cabo grandes procesamientos de información, con tan bajas capacidades, si se distribuyen correctamente los procesos. En primera instancia, se introducen conceptos básicos acerca de las WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) así como de los elementos principales en dichas redes. Tras conocer el modelo de arquitectura de comunicaciones se procede a presentar la Gestión del Conocimiento de forma teórica y a continuación la interpretación que se ha hecho a partir de diversas referencias bibliográficas para llevar a cabo la implementación del proyecto. El siguiente paso es describir punto por punto todos los componentes del Simulador; librerías, funcionamiento y demás cuestiones sobre configuración y puesta a punto. Como escenario de aplicación se plantea una red de sensores inalámbricos básica cuya topología y ubicación es completamente configurable. Se lleva a cabo una configuración a nivel de red basada en el protocolo 6LowPAN pero con posibilidad de simplificarlo. Los datos se procesan de acuerdo a un modelo piramidal de Gestión de Conocimiento adaptable a las necesidades del usuario. Mediante la utilización de las diversas opciones que proporciona la interfaz gráfica implementada y los documentos de resultados que se van generando, se puede llevar a cabo un detallado estudio posterior de la simulación y comprobar si se cumplen las expectativas planteadas. Knowledge management (KM) is based on the collection, filtering, processing and analysis of some raw data which such refinement it can be turned into knowledge or wisdom. These practices will take place in a WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) consists of sophisticated devices commonly known as "dots" and whose main characteristics are its low capacity for memory, battery or autonomy. A primary objective of this Project will be to join a WSN with Knowledge Management and show that it is possible make largo information processing, with such low capacity if the processes are properly distributed. First, we introduce basic concepts about the WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) and major elements of these networks. After meeting the communications architecture model, we proceed to show the Knowledge Management theory and then the interpretation of several bibliographic references to carry out the project implementation. The next step is discovering point by point all over the Simulator components; libraries, operation and the rest of points about configuration and tuning. As application scenario we propose a basic wireless sensor network whose topology and location is completely customizable. It will perform a network level configuration based in W6LowPAN Protocol. Data is processed according to a pyramidal pattern Knowledge Management adaptable to the user´s needs. The hardware elements will suffer more or less energy dependence depending on their role and activity in the network. Through the various options that provide the graphical interface has been implemented and results documents that are generated, can be carried out after a detailed study of the simulation and verify compliance with the expectations raised.

Consolidation of a wsn and minimax method to rapidly neutralise intruders in strategic installations

Due to the sensitive international situation caused by still-recent terrorist attacks, there is a common need to protect the safety of large spaces such as government buildings, airports and power stations. To address this problem, developments in several research fields, such as video and cognitive audio, decision support systems, human interface, computer architecture, communications networks and communications security, should be integrated with the goal of achieving advanced security systems capable of checking all of the specified requirements and spanning the gap that presently exists in the current market. This paper describes the implementation of a decision system for crisis management in infrastructural building security. Specifically, it describes the implementation of a decision system in the management of building intrusions. The positions of the unidentified persons are reported with the help of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The goal is to achieve an intelligent system capable of making the best decision in real time in order to quickly neutralise one or more intruders who threaten strategic installations. It is assumed that the intruders’ behaviour is inferred through sequences of sensors’ activations and their fusion. This article presents a general approach to selecting the optimum operation from the available neutralisation strategies based on a Minimax algorithm. The distances among different scenario elements will be used to measure the risk of the scene, so a path planning technique will be integrated in order to attain a good performance. Different actions to be executed over the elements of the scene such as moving a guard, blocking a door or turning on an alarm will be used to neutralise the crisis. This set of actions executed to stop the crisis is known as the neutralisation strategy. Finally, the system has been tested in simulations of real situations, and the results have been evaluated according to the final state of the intruders. In 86.5% of the cases, the system achieved the capture of the intruders, and in 59.25% of the cases, they were intercepted before they reached their objective.

Estudio de redes WSN y su aplicación a la ingeniería civil

Las redes inalámbricas están experimentando un gran crecimiento en el campo de la instrumentación electrónica. En concreto las redes de sensores inalámbricas (WSN de Wireless Sensor Network) suponen la opción más ventajosa para su empleo en la instrumentación electrónica ya que sus principales características se acoplan perfectamente a las necesidades. Las WSN permiten la utilización de un número relativamente alto de nodos, están orientadas a sistemas de bajo consumo y funcionamiento con baterías y poseen un ancho de banda adecuado para las necesidades de la instrumentación electrónica. En este proyecto fin de carrera se ha realizado un estudio de las tecnologías inalámbricas disponibles, se han comparado y se ha elegido la tecnología ZigBeeTM por considerarse la más adecuada y la que más se ajusta a las necesidades descritas. En el desarrollo de mi vida profesional se han conectado dos campos teóricamente distantes como son la instrumentación electrónica y la ingeniería civil. En este proyecto se hace una descripción de la instrumentación que se utiliza para controlar estructuras como presas, túneles y puentes y se proponen casos prácticos en los que las redes WSN aportan valor añadido a instrumentación actual y a los sistemas de comunicaciones utilizados. Se definen tanto los sistemas de comunicaciones utilizados actualmente como una serie de sensores utilizados para medir los principales parámetros a controlar en una obra civil. Por último se ha desarrollado una aplicación de prueba de una red ZigBeeTM basada en equipos comerciales del fabricante Digi. consiste en una aplicación desarrollada en entorno web que maneja de forma remota, a través de Internet, las entradas y salidas digitales y analógicas de los nodos que forman la red. Se forma una red ZigBeeTM con un coordinador, un router y un dispositivo final. El Coordinador está integrado en un Gateway que permite acceder a la red ZigBeeTM a través de internet y conocer el estado de los nodos que forman la red. Con los comandos adecuados se puede leer el estado de las entradas y salidas analógicas y digitales y cambiar el estado de una salida digital. ABSTRACT. Wireless networks are experiencing tremendous growth in the field of electronic instrumentation. In particular wireless sensor networks represent the most advantageous for use in electronic instrumentation since its main characteristics fit perfectly to the needs. The WSN allow the use of a relatively large number of nodes, are aimed at low-power systems and battery operation and have an adequate bandwidth for the needs of electronic instrumentation. In this project has made a study of available wireless technologies have been compared and chosen ZigBeeTM technology was considered the most appropriate to the needs described. In the course of my professional life have connected two fields are theoretically distant as electronic instrumentation and civil engineering. In this project, there is a description of the instrumentation used to control structures such as dams, tunnels and bridges and proposes practical cases in which WSN networks add value to current instrumentation and communications systems used. There are defined as communications systems now being used as a set of sensors used to measure the main parameters to be controlled in a civil structure. Finally, I have developed a test application based ZigBeeTM networking equipment maker Digi trading. It consists of a Web-based application developed to manage remotely, via the Internet, the digital and analog inputs and outputs nodes forming the network. ZigBeeTM It forms a network with a coordinator, router and end device. The Coordinator is built into a gateway that allows access to the ZigBeeTM network through internet and know the status of the nodes forming the network. With the appropriate command can read the status of the digital inputs and outputs and change the state of a digital output.

PUE attack detection in CWSNs using anomaly detection techniques

Cognitive wireless sensor network (CWSN) is a new paradigm, integrating cognitive features in traditional wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to mitigate important problems such as spectrum occupancy. Security in cognitive wireless sensor networks is an important problem since these kinds of networks manage critical applications and data. The specific constraints of WSN make the problem even more critical, and effective solutions have not yet been implemented. Primary user emulation (PUE) attack is the most studied specific attack deriving from new cognitive features. This work discusses a new approach, based on anomaly behavior detection and collaboration, to detect the primary user emulation attack in CWSN scenarios. Two non-parametric algorithms, suitable for low-resource networks like CWSNs, have been used in this work: the cumulative sum and data clustering algorithms. The comparison is based on some characteristics such as detection delay, learning time, scalability, resources, and scenario dependency. The algorithms have been tested using a cognitive simulator that provides important results in this area. Both algorithms have shown to be valid in order to detect PUE attacks, reaching a detection rate of 99% and less than 1% of false positives using collaboration.