Leslie Martin, Colin St. John Wilson y James Stirling : revisi��n de la modernidad en la arquitectura brit��nica = Leslie Martin, Colin St. John Wilson and James Stirling : review of modernity in British architecture

La b��squeda de nuevas formas de modernidad se convirti�� en la cuesti��n principal de la obras desarrolladas por Leslie Martin, Colin St. John Wilson y James Stirling entre los a��os 1955 y 1970. Enmarcadas dentro de la sensibilidad surgida en la posguerra brit��nica, su profundo sentido cr��tico supone una renovada interpretaci��n de alguno fundamentos del Movimiento Moderno as�� como la reflexi��n sobre la modificaci��n y el uso de formas que tienen sus ra��ces en la tradici��n cultural. Esta investigaci��n se estructura en cuatro temas ampliamente debatidos y que han articulado parte de la revisi��n moderna a lo largo de la segunda mitad del siglo XX: �� la abstracci��n y el realismo �� la revisi��n de la idea funcionalista �� la reconsideraci��n de los arquetipos formales �� la relaci��n entre forma y contexto urbano se muestran como base cr��tica para las obras seleccionadas. La tendencia hacia el realismo surgi�� como respuesta a la voluntad de universalidad (y objetividad) que represent�� el lenguaje abstracto, del mismo modo que la revisi��n de la idea funcionalista pretendi�� superar la consideraci��n de la obra arquitect��nica como producto racional de su funci��n y tecnolog��a. La reconsideraci��n de los arquetipos de la tradici��n, a su vez, muestra una preocupaci��n por el significado de las formas culturales del pasado, una cuesti��n igualmente decisiva en la renovada atenci��n a la estructura de la ciudad hist��rica. Estos temas evidencian un inter��s por ampliar la arquitectura moderna sin que el reconocimiento de las formas del pasado suponga un distanciamiento respecto al futuro. La idea de revisi��n, asimismo, se convierte en estrategia a la hora de encontrar nuevas respuestas. Si algunos de los principios del Movimiento Moderno surgen como reacci��n al clasicismo Beaux Arts que le precedi��, las propuestas analizadas muestran la validez operativa de este enfoque para crear obras de una intensa modernidad. Su inter��s, por lo tanto, no solo radica en su consideraci��n como objetos de estudio que ampl��an nuestro conocimiento de un per��odo determinado, sino como tradici��n reciente que sirve de base cr��tica para la pr��ctica actual. ABSTRACT The search of new forms of modernity became the main theme of the works developed by Leslie Martin, Colin St. John Wilson and James Stirling between 1955 and 1970. Belonging to the sensitivity emerged in postwar Britain, their deep critical sense encourages a renewed interpretation of some principles of Modern Movement and a reflection about the modification or the use of forms that are rooted in cultural tradition. This research is divided into four themes widely discussed and which has articulated part of modern review along the second half of the twentieth century: �� Abstraction and realism �� Review of Functionalism �� The reconsideration of the formal archetypes �� The relationship between form and urban context are shown as critical base for the selected works. The trend toward realism arose in response to the will of universality (and objectivity) that represented the abstract language, just as the review of Functionalism aimed to overcome the consideration of architecture's work as rational product of its function and technology. The reconsideration of traditional archetypes, in turn, shows a concern for the meaning of the cultural forms, a matter equally decisive in the renewed attention to the structure of the historical city. These themes evidence an interest to extend modern architecture, without thereby the recognition of the past forms imply a distancing regarding the future. The idea of review also becomes strategy in finding new answers. If some principles of the Modern Movement arose in reaction to Beaux-Arts classicism which preceded it, the analyzed proposals show the operational validity of this approach to create works of a strong modernity. Their interest, therefore, lies not only in its consideration as study cases that broaden our knowledge of a certain period, but as a recent tradition which serves as a critic basis for the current practice.

Margaret Bush Wilson

Margaret Bush Wilson was a woman of highly exceptional stature. Bush accomplished much in her life; the most prominent being the first female on the N.A.A.C.P. national board of Directors. Much of her career consisted of civil rights and urban development. Before Mrs. Bush focused on her civil rights path, she was valedictorian of her graduating high school class. After completing her high school career, she began to study abroad, traveling to over six countries. These included: England, France, Ceylon, Japan, the Hawaiian Islands and her most extraordinary visit to India. Here Margaret met and spoke with Mahatma Gandhi which fueled her passion of the civil rights movement in the United States. Mrs. Bush pursued a law degree at Lincoln University Law School after completing her Bachelor���s at Talladega University. On top of her extraordinary accomplishments, Margaret Bush possessed the unique quality of appearing 10 years younger than her real age, reflecting her strong spirit and compassion towards humanity.

Yvonne D. Stark - Wilson

Yvonne Wilson is a woman of achievement, accomplishment, and ambition. It all started when she enrolled in Lincoln University; the only public institution for higher education in Missouri that admitted African Americans. She later went on to become a teacher, principal and systems director in the Kansas City School District. Mrs. Wilson was involved in many civic/social activities including the Metropolitan Community Colleges and the Bruce Watkins Cultural Heritage Center. She had many accomplishments including her positions as the President of Lincoln University Board of Curators and the first African American President of the Missouri Association of Elementary School Principals. Finally, one of her top accomplishments was being appointed to the Missouri House of Representatives.

An Evening with Michael Eric Dyson, Best Selling Author, Scholar, and Cultural Critic

Dyson, an author and scholar, has been listed by Ebony magazine as one of the 150 most powerful African Americans. His works, including Reflecting Black: African American Cultural Criticism; Come Hell or High Water: Hurricane Katrina and the Color of Disaster; and Is Bill Cosby Right? Or Has the Black Middle Class Lost Its Mind? have provoked national conversations on race and class. Written in 1994, Dyson's Making Malcolm: The Myth and Meaning of Malcolm X is considered one of the most important African-American works of the 20th century, while his I May Not Get There with You: The True Martin Luther King, Jr. is written to unveil the true radical nature of a man whom most remember or are taught was the ultimate peacemaker.

Wendell Berry's Critique of E. O. Wilson on Science

Drawing on the work of Wendell Berry, among others, allows us to see through claims that science has on limits (scientism). Berry shows what follies scientism generates and provides his own guidelines to what the limits of science are or ought to be.

AS INOVA����ES TECNOL��GICAS E OS INTERMEDI��RIOS DA PRODU����O E DO ACESSO �� INFORMA����O JORNAL��STICA

O jornalismo �� um dos principais meios de oferta de temas para a discuss��o e forma����o da opini��o p��blica, por��m depende de um sistema t��cnico para ser transmitido. Durante mais de cem anos as informa����es produzidas pela imprensa foram emitidas, armazenadas, transmitidas e recebidas pelos chamados ve��culos de comunica����o de massa que utilizam a rede centralizada cujas caracter��sticas est��o na escassez material, produ����o em s��rie e massifica����o. Esse sistema separa no tempo e no espa��o emissores e receptores criando uma rela����o desigual de for��a em que as grandes empresas controlaram o fluxo informativo, definindo quais fatos seriam veiculados como not��cia. Em 1995, a internet cuja informa����o circula sob a tecnologia da rede distribu��da, foi apropriada pela sociedade, alterando a forma de produ����o, armazenamento e transmiss��o de informa����o. A tecnologia despertou a esperan��a de que esta ferramenta poderia proporcionar uma comunica����o mais dial��gica e democr��tica. Mas aos poucos pode-se perceber novas empresas se apropriando da tecnologia da rede distribu��da sob a qual circula a internet, gerando um novo controle do fluxo informativo. Realizou-se nessa pesquisa um levantamento bibliogr��fico para estabelecer uma reflex��o cr��tica dos diferentes intermedi��rios entre fato e a not��cia tanto da rede centralizada como na rede distribu��da, objetivando despertar uma discuss��o que possa oferecer novas ideias para pol��ticas, bem como alternativas para uma comunica����o mais democr��tica e mais libert��ria.

Quantifying pursuit-diving seabirds��� associations with fine-scale physical features in tidal streamenvironments

Acknowledgements James J. Waggitt was funded by a NERC Case studentship supported by OpenHydro Ltd and Marine Scotland Science (NE/J500148/1). Vessel-based transects were funded by a NERC (NE/J004340/1) and a Scottish National Heritage (SNH) grant. FVCOM modelling was funded by a NERC grant (NE/J004316/1). Marine Scotland Science provided time on the FRV Alba-na-Mara as part as the Marine Collaboration Research Forum (MarCRF). The bathymetry data used in hydrodynamic models (HI 1122 Sanday Sound to Westray Firth) was collected by the Maritime & Coastguard Agency (MCA) as part of the UK Civil Hydrography Programme. We wish to thank Christina Bristow, Matthew Finn and Jennifer Norris at the European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC); Marianna Chimienti, Ciaran Cronin, Tim Sykes and Stuart Thomas for performing vessel-based transects; Marine Scotland Science staff Eric Armstrong, Ian Davies, Mike Robertson, Robert Watret and Michael Stewart for their assistance; Shaun Fraser, Pauline Goulet, Alex Robbins, Helen Wade and Jared Wilson for invaluable discussions; Thomas Cornulier, Alex Douglas, James Grecian and Samantha Patrick for their help with statistical analysis; and Gavin Siriwardena, Leigh Torres, Mark Whittingham and Russell Wynn for their constructive comments on earlier versions of this manuscript.

Public Religion and Secularization in England : Defending Bryan Wilson

Peer reviewed