High-density lipoprotein and the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism

BACKGROUND - High-density lipoprotein (HDL) protects against arterial atherothrombosis, but it is unknown whether it protects against recurrent venous thromboembolism. METHODS AND RESULTS - We studied 772 patients after a first spontaneous venous thromboembolism (average follow-up 48 months) and recorded the end point of symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolism, which developed in 100 of the 772 patients. The relationship between plasma lipoprotein parameters and recurrence was evaluated. Plasma apolipoproteins AI and B were measured by immunoassays for all subjects. Compared with those without recurrence, patients with recurrence had lower mean (±SD) levels of apolipoprotein AI (1.12±0.22 versus 1.23±0.27 mg/mL, P<0.001) but similar apolipoprotein B levels. The relative risk of recurrence was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.80 to 0.94) for each increase of 0.1 mg/mL in plasma apolipoprotein AI. Compared with patients with apolipoprotein AI levels in the lowest tertile (<1.07 mg/mL), the relative risk of recurrence was 0.46 (95% CI, 0.27 to 0.77) for the highest-tertile patients (apolipoprotein AI >1.30 mg/mL) and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.50 to 1.22) for midtertile patients (apolipoprotein AI of 1.07 to 1.30 mg/mL). Using nuclear magnetic resonance, we determined the levels of 10 major lipoprotein subclasses and HDL cholesterol for 71 patients with recurrence and 142 matched patients without recurrence. We found a strong trend for association between recurrence and low levels of HDL particles and HDL cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS - Patients with high levels of apolipoprotein AI and HDL have a decreased risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism. © 2007 American Heart Association, Inc.

How women and men are addressed in job advertisements

Research has shown that gender references in job advertisements play an important role for gender (in)equality in personnel selection. In advertisements gender is referred to in different ways, for instance, by using grammatically masculine and feminine human nouns (e.g., German Mechaniker/Mechanikerin 'mechanic, masc./fem.'), by mentioning typically feminine or typically masculine traits (e.g., kind and friendly versus determined and independent) as well as by showing pictures of women and men. The present study addresses the questions which forms of gender references occur in job advertisements, how these forms are distributed across different lines of business and across different countries. We collected job advertisements published online in four countries with different rankings of gender equality (i.e., Switzerland, Austria, Poland, and Czech Republic; World Economic Forum, 2011). We randomly selected 100 advertisements per country from four lines of business that are characterized by different proportions of female and male employees: (1) steels/metals, (2) science, (3) restaurants/food services, and (4) health care. The advertisements were analyzed with regard to the linguistic form of the job title and of the remaining text as well as reference to gender-typical traits. We also examined indicators of job status and other information (e.g., equal opportunity policies) which might be related to the use of gender references in job advertisements. The results show that, in general, gender-fair language occurs much more often in job ads from Switzerland and Austria than in those from Poland and the Czech Republic, where job titles are mostly masculine. While exclusive use of feminine forms are almost never used in Switzerland and Austria, they are more frequently used in Poland and Czech Republic. In general, gender-fair forms are more common when there are many women in a line of business, whereas more masculine forms are used where the proportion of women is low. In Switzerland and Austria, masculine forms are mostly combined with the supplement m/f to indicate that both women and men are addressed. The present data provide a sound basis for future studies on gender references in job advertisements. Furthermore it sheds a light on how companies comply with national guidelines of gender equality.

Gender references in job advertisements – relations to job status and gender equality

Research has shown that gender references in job advertisements play an important role for gender (in)equality in personnel selection. The use of pair forms (masculine and feminine form) in German-language job advertisements, for example, was found to reduce the lack of fit between women and leadership roles (Horvath & Sczesny, 2013). Therefore the present study addresses the question which forms of gender reference are used in job advertisements, how these forms are distributed in different countries and how language use is related to gender typicality and status of the job. We collected job advertisements published online in four countries with different rankings of gender equality (i.e., Switzerland, Austria, Poland, and Czech Republic; World Economic Forum, 2011). We randomly selected 100 advertisements per country from four branches that are characterized by different proportions of female and male employees: steels/metals, science, restaurants/food services, and health care. The advertisements were analyzed with regard to gender references as well as different indicators of job status. The results show that, in general, men and women are addressed more equally in Swiss and Austrian job advertisements compared to Polish and Czech job advertisements. The results also show that women and men are addressed more equally in branches where the proportion of women is high than where the proportion of women is low. We thus can conclude that the use of gender references is associated with the degree of gender equality achieved in a country and with the gender typicality of a profession.

Semanario erudito : que comprehende varias obras ineditas, criticas, morales, instructivas ... de nuestros mejores autores ...

Contiene: Grandes controversias acaecidas en la menor edad del ... Carlos IIº entre la Reyna Madre Doña Maria Ana Teresa de Austria i ... Juan de Austria ... sobre la dirección y gobierno de estos Reynos

Kaiser Franz der Erste von Oesterreich und seine Zeit.

Mode of access: Internet.

Die sammlungen der vereinten familien- und privat-bibliothek Sr. M. des kaisers ...

No more published?

The Emperor Francis Joseph and his times,

Mode of access: Internet.

Imperatori; fünf kaiserlieder ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Neue komische Briefe des Hans-Jörgels von Gumpoldskirchen an seinen Schwager Maxel in Feselau, und dessen Gespräche über verschiedene Tagsbegebenheiten in Wien im Jahre 1835 : nebst Antworten des Schwagers Maxel in Feselau und den Bemerkungen des Amtsschreibers Rigowitz ...

Vol. 2 pt. 3 has special title: Aussergewöhnliches Heft des Briefs des Hans-Jörgels von Gumpoldskirchen ... enthaltend eine ausführliche Beschreibung der Feierlichkeiten und den dabei vorkommen[d]en Ceremonien bei der glorreichen Erhuldigung unseres allergnädigsten Kaisers Ferdinand I am 14ten Juny 1835.

Memorabilien des österreichischen Kaiserstaates : oder Taschenbuch zur Rückerinnerung an die merkwürdigsten vaterländischen Ereignisse seit dem Regierungs-Antritte ... Franz des Ersten ... /

Includes indexes.

Was verdankt Oesterreich der beglückenden Regierung Sr. Majestät Kaiser Franz des Ersten?

Mode of access: Internet.

Leben, Wirken und Tod des Kaisers;

"Anhang. Beschreibung der Trauerfeierlichkeiten, Sammlung der besten Gelegenheitsgedichte und anderer auf den Tod des Kaisers Franz sich beziehenden Aufsätze": 78 p. at end.

Die Krönung in Mailand im Jahre 1838 /

Mode of access: Internet.

Narrazione della venuta e permanenza in Perugia delle LL. MM. II. RR. AA. Francesco Primo e Carlotta Augusta ... dal dì 12 giugno al dì 5 luglio dell'anno 1819 /

Mode of access: Internet.

The martyrdom of an empress.

Mode of access: Internet.