Produtividade e componentes da produ����o do amendoim da seca em raz��o da ��poca de semeadura e da aplica����o de c��lcio

Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar o efeito do calc��rio, como fornecedor de c��lcio, em diferentes ��pocas de semeadura, na cultura do amendoim cultivar Tatu, sobre os componentes da produ����o e a produtividade de vagens em semeadura na ��poca considerada seca. O experimento foi conduzido em um Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro, argiloso, em Selv��ria, MS. Foram estudadas quatro ��pocas de semeadura do amendoim da seca (21/1, 4/2, 18/2 e 4/3), combinadas com quatro doses de Ca (0, 45, 90 e 135 kg ha-1 de Ca), aplicadas no sulco de semeadura, usando como fonte calc��rio dolom��tico com PRNT de 90,1% e com teores de 21% de CaO e 18% de MgO. Foram avaliados o n��mero de vagens por planta, o n��mero de gr��os por vagem e por planta, o peso de 100 gr��os, o rendimento e a produtividade das vagens. Conclui-se que: 1) �� medida que se atrasa a semeadura, h�� a probabilidade de ocorrer defici��ncia h��drica nos per��odos vegetativo e reprodutivo, reduzindo a produtividade do amendoim da seca; 2) h�� boa produtividade de vagens quando a semeadura �� realizada at�� o in��cio do m��s de fevereiro; 3) a resposta do amendoim da seca ao Ca �� baixa em solos onde inicialmente se tem alto teor de Ca e satura����o por bases considerada m��dia, principalmente, quando a disponibilidade h��drica tamb��m �� um fator limitante; 4) a aplica����o de calc��rio no sulco de semeadura como meio de fornecimento de Ca para a cultura do amendoim �� uma pr��tica vi��vel.

Kirjallisuutta

P����osa virallisen vastav��itt��j��n Helsingin yliopiston oikeustieteelliselle tiedekunnalle antamasta 18.8.2003 p��iv��tyst�� lausunnosta

Neurodevelopment outcome of newborns with cerebral subependymal pseudocysts at 18 and 46 months: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVES: Subependymal pseudocysts (SEPC) are cerebral periventricular cysts located on the floor of the lateral ventricle and result from regression of the germinal matrix. They are increasingly diagnosed on neonatal cranial ultrasound. While associated pathologies are reported, information about long-term prognosis is missing, and we aimed to investigate long-term follow-up of these patients. STUDY DESIGN: Newborns diagnosed with SEPC were enrolled for follow-up. Neurodevelopment outcome was assessed at 6, 18 and 46 months of age. RESULTS: 74 newborns were recruited: we found a high rate of antenatal events (63%), premature infants (66% <37 weeks, 31% <32 weeks) and twins (30%). MRI was performed in 31 patients, and cystic periventricular leukomalacia (c-PVL) was primarily falsely diagnosed in 9 of them. Underlying disease was diagnosed in 17 patients, 8 with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, 5 with genetic and 4 with metabolic disease. Neurological examination (NE) at birth was normal for patients with SEPCs and no underlying disease, except one. Mean Developmental Quotient and IQ of these patients was 98.2 (��9.6SD; range 77-121), 94.6 (��14.2SD; 71-120) and 99.6 (��12.3SD; 76-120) at 6, 18 and 46 months of age, respectively, with no differences between the subtypes of SEPC. A subset analysis showed no outcome differences between preterm infants with or without SEPC, or between preterm of <32 GA and &#8805;32 GA. CONCLUSIONS: Neurodevelopment of newborns with SEPC was normal when no underlying disease was present. This study suggests that if NE is normal at birth and congenital CMV infection can be excluded, then no further investigations are needed. Moreover, it is crucial to differentiate SEPC from c-PVL which carries a poor prognosis.

Envelhecimento acelerado e deteriora����o controlada em sementes de amendoim

Pesquisas t��m sido desenvolvidas visando determinar os procedimentos para a avalia����o de diferen��as no potencial fisiol��gico de lotes de sementes, com destaque aos testes de vigor. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o envelhecimento acelerado e a deteriora����o controlada para avalia����o do vigor de sementes de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea). Quatro lotes de sementes de amendoim da cultivar Tatu foram submetidos ao teste de envelhecimento acelerado, em caixas tipo gerbox, com temperatura de 42��C ou 43��C, por 48 horas e 72 horas, com e sem o emprego de solu����o saturada de NaCl, e ao teste de deteriora����o controlada, com teor de ��gua de 15% e 20%, a 40��C ou 45��C, por 48 horas. O teor de ��gua, a germina����o e sanidade das sementes foram determinados. Pelos testes de germina����o e de emerg��ncia, n��o houve diferen��a significativa de desempenho entre os quatro lotes. No teste de envelhecimento acelerado com solu����o salina, o per��odo de 72 horas a 42��C �� suficiente para avaliar o potencial fisiol��gico das sementes. No teste de deteriora����o controlada, a combina����o de 15% de teor de ��gua nas sementes e 48 horas em banho maria a 45��C �� eficiente para detectar diferen��as de vigor entre os lotes.

Correlations between negative-induced cerebral dynamics and idiopathic intellectual disability: an EEG study

Intellectual disability has long been associated with deficits in socio-emotional processing. However, studies investigating brain dynamics of maladaptive socio-emotional skills associated with intellectual disability are scarce. Here, we compared differences in brain activity between low intelligence quotient (I.Q.&lt;75, N=13) and normal controls (N=15) while evaluating their subjective emotions. Positive (P) and negative (N) valenced pictures were presented one at a time to participants of both groups, at a rate of ��. The task required that each participant evaluate their subjective emotion and press a predefined push-button when done, alternatively P and N. Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals were continuously recorded, and the 1000ms time window following each picture was analyzed offline for power in frequency domain. Alpha low (8-10Hz) and upper (10-13Hz) frequency bands were then compared for both groups and for both P and N emotions in 12 distributed scalp electrodes. The qualitative evaluation of emotions was similar between both groups, with constant longer reaction times for the low IQ participants. The EEG signal comparison shows marked power decrease in upper alpha frequency range for N emotions in low intelligence group. Otherwise no significant difference was noticed between low and normal IQ. Main findings of the present study are (1) results do not support the hypothesis that impairment in developmental intelligence roots in maladaptive emotional processing; (2) the strong alpha power suppression during negative-induced emotions suggests the involvement of an extended neural network and more effortful inhibition processes than positive ones. We call for further studies with a larger sample.

Sistemas conservacionistas de manejo do solo para amendoim cultivado em sucess��o �� cana crua

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de sistemas conservacionistas de manejo do solo sobre caracter��sticas agron��micas de cultivares de amendoim com h��bitos de crescimento contrastantes, foram instalados sete ensaios de campo; seis em Latossolo Vermelho eutrof��rrico (Ribeir��o Preto, SP) e um em Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo (Pindorama, SP), todos em renova����o de canaviais colhidos sem queima pr��via. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com os tratamentos arranjados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas e quatro repeti����es. Os tratamentos principais foram os sistemas de manejo - convencional, cultivo m��nimo e plantio direto - e os secund��rios, as cultivares IAC-Tatu ST e IAC-Caiap��. N��o h�� diferen��a estat��stica para produ����o de vagens e gr��os e n��mero de estruturas reprodutivas, entre manejos conservacionistas e convencional, por��m pode haver redu����o no estande final de plantas. Em tr��s dos sete ensaios houve intera����o significativa entre cultivar e sistema de manejo. A cultivar IAC-Caiap�� �� menos responsiva ��s diferen��as de manejo do solo. O plantio direto pode proporcionar aumento de 6,5 a 9% no ��ndice de rendimento de gr��os e apresentar maior conte��do de ��gua no solo em per��odo de seca.

Les repr��sentations d'attachement du jeune enfant. D��veloppement d'un syst��me de codage pour les histoires �� compl��ter

Les histoires d'attachement �� compl��ter de Bretherton et Ridgeway (1990) constituent un moyen d'��valuer les narratifs d'enfants d��s l'��ge de 3 ans. Dans le pr��sent article, nous pr��sentons un Q-sort permettant de coder ces productions enfantines. Des scores �� 4 dimensions d'attachement (s��curit��, d��sactivation, hyperactivation, d��sorganisation) peuvent ��tre obtenus gr��ce �� une comparaison des r��ponses du sujet �� celles de prototypes. Par ailleurs, une analyse en composantes principales a permis de d��finir 6 ��chelles, correspondant chacune �� un aspect sp��cifique du jeu. Certains aspects des narratifs semblent influenc��s par le sexe et l'��ge de l'enfant, mais non par son QI. Des exemples d'application du Q-sort sont pr��sent��s, notamment pour l'��tude de la transmission interg��n��rationnelle des strat��gies d'attachement ou pour l'��tude de l'implication des repr��sentations et des capacit��s narratives en mati��re de psychopathologie. Bretherton and Ridgeway's (1990) attachment story completion task allows for the assessment of child narratives as early as 3 years of age. In the present article, we present a Q-sort for the coding of these child productions. Scores on 4 attachment dimensions (security, deactivation, hyperactivation, disorganization) can be computed by comparing participants' responses to those of each prototype. Following a principal components analysis, 6 scales have been defined, each one corresponding to some specific aspects of child play. Certain aspects of child narratives seem to be influenced by gender and age, but not by IQ. Examples of possible applications of the Q-sort are presented, such as its use in the study of intergenerational transmission of attachment strategies or the study of the role of representations and narrative competence in psychopathology.

Puhdastilojen suunnitteluprosessi ja teknisten j��rjestelmien validointi

Puhdastilojen suunnittelussa pyrit����n saamaan hallittu ja valvottu ilmanpuhtaus luokiteltuun tilaan.Luokittelu tapahtuu puhdastilastandardeilla, lis��ksi l����kevalmisteita valmistettavassa tilassa GMP -s����d��sten mukaisin luokituksin. Puhdastilastandardi ISO 14644 k��sitt���� seitsem��n osaa, jossa on k��sitelty puhdastilaa koskevia m����r��yksi�� suunnittelusta k��ytt����n ja testaukseen. GMP-s����d��kset sis��lt��v��t yhdeks��n kappaletta, joista kappale 3: 'Tilat ja laitteet' on keskeinen osa l����keainevalmistuksen puhdastilasuunnittelua. Puhtaan ilman aikaansaamiseksi puhdastilaan merkitt��vimm��t roolit ovat ilmanvaihdolla, puhdastilarakenteilla ja rakennusautomaatiolla. Ilma voidaan tuoda tilaan kolmella eri periaatteella. Ilmaa tuodaan tilaan yhdensuuntaisesti, turbulenttisesti tai sekavirtauksena HEPA -suodattimien kautta, joilla varmistetaan ep��puhtauksien korkea suodatusaste. Ilmapoistetaan rei'itettyjen, korotettujen lattioiden kautta tai tilan alaosassa olevien poistoilmas��leikk��jen kautta, josta se johdetaan noin 75-90%:sti kierr��tettyn�� takaisin tilaan. L����keteollisuudessa rei'itettyj��, korotettuja lattioita eivoida k��ytt���� kontaminaatiovaaran, vuoksi. Tilaan suunniteltuja olosuhteita yll��pidet����n rakennusautomaation avulla ja monitorointij��rjestelm��ll�� valvotaan tilassa olevan ilman laatua. Kaikki GMP-luokituksen mukaiset puhdastilat tulee validoida. Validointiin kuuluu teknisten j��rjestelmien kvalifiointi ja koko prosessin validointi. Teknisten j��rjestel-mien kvalifiointi k��sitt���� suunnitelmien tarkastuksen (DQ), asennus - ja k��ytt����notto tarkastukset (IQ), toiminnan testauksen (OQ) ja suorituksen testauksen (PQ). Kvali-fiointi kuuluu yhten�� osa-alueena validointiin. Prosessin validointi on osa yrityksen laadunvarmistusta. Validoinnilla hankitaan dokumentoidut todisteet siit��, ett�� tila tai prosessi todella t��ytt���� annetut vaatimukset. T��ss�� ty��ss�� laadittiin esimerkinomainen kvalifiointisuunnitelma puhdastilan tekni-sille j��rjestelmille. Suunnitelma sis��lt���� asennus- ja k��ytt����noton mukaiset tarkastukset (IQ)ja toiminnan aikaiset testaukset (OQ).

Comportamento de porta-enxertos de mangueira (Mangifera indica L.) submetidos a condi����es de baixas temperaturas

Neste experimento, observou-se o comportamento de porta-enxertos mono e poliembri��nicos de manga em rela����o a baixa temperaturas, na Esta����o Experimental de Agronomia de Tatu��, do IAC. Utilizaram-se como porta-enxertos monoembri��nicos as variedades Sensation, Haden e Tommy Atkins para a copa Haden, e os poliembri��nicos Coquinho, Manga-d'��gua, Carabao e Pico para as copas Haden e IAC 100 Bourbon. As mudas, com 18 a 24 meses de idade, foram plantadas em janeiro de 1990. As temperaturas registradas no abrigo meteorol��gico atingiram valores de 1��C, 2��C e 2,4��C, respectivamente, nos dias 19, 20 e 23 de maio de 1990; 1,6��C, 1��C e 2��C, nos dias 22, 23 e 24 de junho e 1��C e 2,4��C, nos dias 30 e 31 de julho, respectivamente. Essas temperaturas, no abrigo meteorol��gico, correspondem a temperaturas inferiores a 0��C ao n��vel do solo. Verificou-se que n��o houve morte do porta-enxerto Carabao, independentemente da copa enxertada. Para os demais porta-enxertos, o ��ndice de mortalidade variou de 35 a 70%.

Sukupuolten sosiaalinen rakentuminen lukion opettajien puheessa

Tutkielman tavoite on selvitt����, mink��laisia diskursseja lukion opettajat k��ytt��v��t puhuessaan sukupuolista ja millaisia sosiaalisia sukupuolia he puheessaan uusintavat. Tarkoituksena on tuoda n��kyviin sellaisia diskursseja, joilla tyt��ist�� ja pojista rakennetaan erilaisia. Teemahaastatteluja analysoidaan diskurssi-analyysin avulla. Opettajien puheissa toistuneesta kolmesta diskurssista kaksi, perinne- ja tiedediskurssi, uusintavat sellaisia sosiaalisia sukupuolia, joissa miehille ja naisille rakennettiin selv��sti toisistaan poikkeavat roolit ty��- ja perhe-el��m����n. Perinnediskurssilla pojista rakennettiin rohkeita, kun taas tyt��ist�� tunnollisia ja syrj����n vet��ytyvi��. Tiedediskurssilla rakennettiin sellaista sosiaalista todellisuutta, jossa matematiikka sopi paremmin pojille ja kielet tyt��ille. Kolmas k��ytetty diskurssi oli kykydiskurssi, joka ei uusintanut miesten ja naisten v��lisi�� eroja,vaan rakensi sellaista sosiaalista todellisuutta, jossa kaikilla on sukupuolesta riippumattomat mahdollisuudet menesty��.

Propionic acidemia: clinical course and outcome in 55 pediatric and adolescent patients.

BACKGROUND: Propionic acidemia is an inherited disorder caused by deficiency of propionyl-CoA carboxylase. Although it is one of the most frequent organic acidurias, information on the outcome of affected individuals is still limited. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: Clinical and outcome data of 55 patients with propionic acidemia from 16 European metabolic centers were evaluated retrospectively. 35 patients were diagnosed by selective metabolic screening while 20 patients were identified by newborn screening. Endocrine parameters and bone age were evaluated. In addition, IQ testing was performed and the patients' and their families' quality of life was assessed. RESULTS: The vast majority of patients (&gt;85%) presented with metabolic decompensation in the neonatal period. Asymptomatic individuals were the exception. About three quarters of the study population was mentally retarded, median IQ was 55. Apart from neurologic symptoms, complications comprised hematologic abnormalities, cardiac diseases, feeding problems and impaired growth. Most patients considered their quality of life high. However, according to the parents' point of view psychic problems were four times more common in propionic acidemia patients than in healthy controls. CONCLUSION: Our data show that the outcome of propionic acidemia is still unfavourable, in spite of improved clinical management. Many patients develop long-term complications affecting different organ systems. Impairment of neurocognitive development is of special concern. Nevertheless, self-assessment of quality of life of the patients and their parents yielded rather positive results.