982 resultados para Tm^3
Resumo:
Olhar a forma como o design em Portugal tem abordado as questes ecolgicas, aps um breve enquadramento o primeiro objectivo deste estudo. As questes ambientais tm sido debatidas sobretudo a partir da dcada de 1970 e para que tal acontecesse foi muito importante a denncia de determinados sectores, nomeadamente a rea artstica. O design, pela sua gnese, tem sido o espao que mais se tem debruado sobre esta questo, trazendo sugestes inovadoras tanto a nvel de produtos como ao nvel do processo de concepo do mesmo. Neste contexto, o conceito de ecodesign e de sustentabilidade so determinantes para compreender as mudanas sociais que esto a ocorrer e o caminho a seguir para serenar o convvio entre o Homem e a Natureza. interessante tambm olhar para a rea do marketing, a sua forma de actuao em relao promoo dos produtos ecolgicos e ao prprio conceito em si, pois uma das reas que mais intervm com o pblico. Utilizando os rgos de comunicao sociais, talvez aquela que mais poder influenciar atitudes. A percepo deste fenmeno, de abrangncia global, determinante para a conduta que se impe adoptar o quanto antes, da a pertinncia de levar esta questo ao ensino bsico e secundrio. A forma como o podemos abordar neste contexto o objectivo primordial do presente trabalho.
Resumo:
No presente estudo propomos estabelecer uma relao entre duas reas, nomeadamente, a Arte Pblica e a Net art, de modo a compreender as afinidades e interferncias que ambas, enquanto formas de expresso artstica tm com os espaos que acolhem as obras de interveno. A forma como se estabelece a relao entre os domnios da Arte Pblica e a Net art e consequentemente sobre os conceitos de pblico e privado entre o ciberespao e espao real, fatual, cidade a nossa principal questo. atravs, primeiro na explorao dos conceitos das expresses artsticas e depois, na explorao dos espaos onde estas esto inseridas, como a cidade e o ciberespao, que nos permite, ao longo da reviso bibliogrfica, registar aspetos que permitam estudar elementos por comparao. Numa vertente prtica do projeto, pretendemos desenvolver componentes da investigao e adequ-las sala de aula, de acordo com os programas e o currculo educativo em vigor no ano letivo onde decorreu a prtica docente. O mestrando foi acompanhado por uma professora cooperante ao longo do perodo estgio, que incidiu sobre a generalidade da ao docente dentro e fora da sala de aula, desenvolvendo questes pedaggico-didticas de modo a permitir uma compreenso e aprendizagem atravs da concretizao dos processos e aes que um docente, na sua prtica, ter de realizar. Entre esses processos est a adequao de componentes cientficas para o domnio didtico e pedaggico de acordo com o currculo, explorando de forma prtica as teorias educacionais construcionistas assim como os desenvolvimentos de autores que suportam no alicercear e fundamentar a nossa ao na sala de aula. Para a sala de aula selecionamos duas reas esttico-artsticas: Arte Pblica e Mail art, que esto relacionadas com as duas reas chave que abordamos no desenvolvimento da componente cientfica do trabalho de investigao. A temtica surgiu do interesse em permeabilizar reas esttico-artsticas e pelo interesse nos desenvolvimentos quer crticos quer histricos da Arte Pblica. A relao entre as duas componentes no surgiu pela vertente esttico artstica mas pela relao que a cidade enquanto local de concentrao do humano para a vida em sociedade estabelece com o ciberespao, que no fundo uma projeo da cidade neste novo meio social que se virtualiza.
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As situaes de bullying nos contextos escolares so um dos problemas sociais que tm vindo a ser objecto de estudo, um pouco por todo o mundo, demonstrando uma aproximao prpria realidade de cada contexto. Estes estudos tm permitido determinar a prevalncia do bullying entre os alunos, as formas utilizadas, os espaos onde ocorrem com maior incidncia e os que mais intervm no bullying, mas compreender e medir o bullying uma tarefa complexa, exigindo uma perspectiva sistmica no seu diagnstico e compreenso. De modo a dar resposta s situaes de bullying, tm sido desenvolvidos programas e projectos de interveno com considerveis evidncias que podem ser eficazes na sua reduo, quando consideram a realidade de cada contexto e quando envolvem todos os seus agentes educativos. O estudo de caso aqui apresentado, do tipo misto (qualitativo e quantitativo), tem como objectivo realizar um retrato abrangente do clima escolar, incluindo as percepes de todos os agentes educativos de modo a aferir a prevalncia, formas, espaos onde ocorre, e intervenientes nas situaes de bullying e violncia. Participaram 523 alunos do 6 ao 9 ano de escolaridade, 227 do gnero feminino e 294 do gnero masculino, 77 professores, 24 funcionrios e 42 encarregados de educao. As diferenas de gnero, idade e ciclo de escolaridade vo ao encontro dos estudos nacionais e internacionais, verificando-se que o ndice de Bullying aponta para 10,08% de alunos, sendo mais vtimas os dos 10 - 12 anos e do 2 ciclo de escolaridade, a forma de agresso mais predominante a fsica e verbal, diferenas no tipo de agresso em funo do gnero e os locais onde ocorrem, com maior frequncia, so porta da escola, corredores e jardim. Estes resultados permitem obter um diagnstico da realidade escolar, possibilitando desenvolver futuramente uma interveno preventiva.
Resumo:
The aim of this work was to assess the morphometry and chromatin integrity of bovine sperm head after a three layers discontinuous Percoll (TM) density gradient centrifugation. Frozen semen doses were obtained from six bulls of different breeds, including three taurine and three Zebu animals. Three ejaculates per bull were evaluated. The semen doses were thawed and two smears were made from each sample before (control) and after the Percoll (TM) centrifugation (Percoll (TM) group). The smears were stained with toluidine blue and grayscale digital images were captured and processed in Scilab environment software. It was observed that chromatin heterogeneity was reduced (P<0.05) and chromatin decondensation was increased (P<0.05) after the Percollm treatment utilized. In addition, it was observed that sperm head length was higher (P<0.05) and the side symmetry was lower (P<0.05) in centrifuged sperm cells. When analyzed separately by subspecies, it was observed that the decrease (P<0.05) in chromatin heterogeneity and the increase (P<0.05) in chromatin decondensation occurred in Zebu sperm heads. In addition, the length and the width:length ratio of sperm heads was affected by Percoll (TM) centrifugation in Zebu semen. In conclusion, the three layers discontinuous Percoll (TM) centrifugation increased the chromatin decondensation and the morphometric alterations of frozen-thawed bovine semen. However, the real implication of these findings in fertility rates of centrifuged sperm must be investigated. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Resumo:
The concepts of the industrial automation are being incorporated in the medical area, in other words, they also pass to be applied in the hospital automation. In this sense, researches have been developed and have usually been approached several of the problems that are pertinent to the processes that can be automated in the hospital environment. Considering that in the automation processes, an imperative factor is the communication, because the systems are usually distributed, the network for data transference becomes itself an important point in these processes. Because this network should be capable to provide the exchange of data and to guarantee the demands that are imposed by the automation process. In this context, this doctorate thesis proposed, specified, analyzed and validated the Multicycles Protocol for Hospital Automation (MP-HA), which is customized to assist the demands in these automation processes, seeking to guarantee the determinism in the communications and to optimize the factor of use of the mean of transmission
Resumo:
The telecommunications industry has experienced recent changes, due to increasing quest for access to digital services for data, video and multimedia, especially using the mobile phone networks. Recently in Brazil, mobile operators are upgrading their networks to third generations systems (3G) providing to users broadband services such as video conferencing, Internet, digital TV and more. These new networks that provides mobility and high data rates has allowed the development of new market concepts. Currently the market is focused on the expansion of WiMAX technology, which is gaining increasingly the market for mobile voice and data. In Brazil, the commercial interest for this technology appears to the first award of licenses in the 3.5 GHz band. In February 2003 ANATEL held the 003/2002/SPV-ANATEL bidding, where it offered blocks of frequencies in the range of 3.5 GHz. The enterprises who purchased blocks of frequency were: Embratel, Brazil Telecom (Vant), Grupo Sinos, Neovia and WKVE, each one with operations spread in some regions of Brazil. For this and other wireless communications systems are implemented effectively, many efforts have been invested in attempts to developing simulation methods for coverage prediction that is close to reality as much as possible so that they may become believers and indispensable tools to design wireless communications systems. In this work wasm developed a genetic algorithm (GA's) that is able to optimize the models for predicting propagation loss at applicable frequency range of 3.5 GHz, thus enabling an estimate of the signal closer to reality to avoid significant errors in planning and implementation a system of wireless communication
Resumo:
The introduction of new digital services in the cellular networks, in transmission rates each time more raised, has stimulated recent research that comes studying ways to increase the data communication capacity and to reduce the delays in forward and reverse links of third generation WCDMA systems. These studies have resulted in new standards, known as 3.5G, published by 3GPP group, for the evolution of the third generation of the cellular systems. In this Masters Thesis the performance of a 3G WCDMA system, with diverse base stations and thousand of users is developed with assists of the planning tool NPSW. Moreover the performance of the 3.5G techniques hybrid automatic retransmission and multi-user detection with interference cancellation, candidates for enhance the WCDMA uplink capacity, is verified by means of computational simulations in Matlab of the increase of the data communication capacity and the reduction of the delays in the retransmission of packages of information
Resumo:
Foram estudados, com o auxlio de fotografias areas, aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos do relevo e da rede de drenagem de solos de uma rea de Santa Brbara D'Oeste, SP. Esta regio compreende 14.625 ha, onde foram selecionadas bacias hidrogrficas de 3 ordem de ramificao e amostras circulares de 5km. As unidades de mapeamento simples ou associaes de solos so: Latossolo Vermelho Escuro, Podzlico, Litossolo + Podzlico, Terra Roxa Estruturada + Latossolo Roxo distrfico. Aps a caracterizao das feies fisiogrficas, da rea de ocorrncia desses solos, foram realizados dois mapas morfopedolgicos. No primeiro utilizou-se fotografias areas verticais pancromticas na escala 1: 35.000 (data de 25/6/78) e no segundo imagens orbitais do sensor Thematic Mapper do LANDSAT-5, nas bandas 3, 4 e 5 e composio colorida 3/4/5 na escala 1: 100.000 (data de 12/9/91). As anlises qualitativas e quantitativas do relevo (ndice de declividade mdia) e rede de drenagem (densidade de drenagem, freqncia de rios, razo de textura) mostraram-se eficientes na diferenciao das unidades de solo estudadas, tanto em bacias hidrogrficas como em amostras circulares. A utilizao de fotografias areas, permitiu maior riqueza de detalhes na preciso dos limites das unidades de mapeamento e no maior nmero de unidades de mapeamento discriminadas em relao as imagens orbitais. A composio colorida 3/4/5 permitiu diferenciar os Latossolos argilosos dos Latossolos de textura mdia, assim como o Latossolo Hmico.
Resumo:
As leses musculares tm sido observadas como as mais frequentes nos esportes. Considerando a produo de espcies reativas de oxignio como um fator de risco para instalao de leses e caractersticas antioxidantes e anti-inflamatrias do mega-3, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar as alteraes histolgicas e morfomtricas do msculo sleo de ratos que realizaram natao, associado a uma dieta suplementada com mega-3. Para sua realizao foram utilizados 31 ratos Wistar divididos em quatro grupos, sendo os grupos A e C suplementados com azeite de oliva e B e D com 3g/dia de mega-3 por quatro semanas. Os grupos C e D foram submetidos natao cinco dias/semana por 28 dias, com acrscimo de 5% do peso corporal a partir da segunda semana, enquanto que os grupos A e B no realizaram treinamento. Aps este perodo os animais foram sacrificados, o msculo sleo retirado e corado com Hematoxilina-eosina para avaliao morfolgica. Anlise de varincia bifatorial, com nvel de significncia de 5%, foi utilizada para anlise dos valores do menor dimetro das fibras musculares. Os grupos A e B (sedentrios) apresentaram padres histolgicos de normalidade. O grupo C apresentou aumento do tecido endomisial e do nmero de ncleos, presena de fibras fagocitadas e de contornos poligonais no mantidos, enquanto que o grupo D apresentou poucas fibras fagocitadas e de contornos poligonais preservados. Com relao medida do menor dimetro das fibras musculares, as anlises mostraram diferenas para o fator treinamento, mas no para o fator suplementao e a interao entre eles. As alteraes histolgicas induzidas pelo exerccio foram atenuadas no grupo suplementado com mega-3, sugerindo um efeito protetor da suplementao, contudo, o aumento do dimetro das fibras para os grupos expostos ao exerccio est relacionado ao efeito do treinamento e no suplementao.
Resumo:
This work reports on the preparation, structural and luminescent studies of nanosized up-converter phosphors Y2O2S:Yb(4%), Er(0.1%) and Y2O2S:Yb(4%), Tm(0.1%),both from polymeric and basic carbonate precursors. The precursors were submitted to a sulphuration process that was previously developed for oxysulfide preparation from basic carbonate. From XRD data, all phosphors presented the oxysulfide phase and the mean crystallite size estimated from the Scherrer formula in the range of 15-20 nm. Polymeric precursor leads to the smallest crystallite size independent on the doping ion. SEM and TEM results confirmed that basic carbonate leads to spherical particles with narrow size distribution and mean diameter of 150 nm, and polymeric precursor smaller spherical particles with diameter between 20 and 40 nm. Up-conversion studies under 980 nm laser excitation showed that Er-doped phosphors present strong green emission related to H-2(11/2), S-4(3/2) --> I-4(15/2) Er transitions as well as the red ones, F-4(9/2) --> I-4(15/2). Tm-doped samples show strong blue emission assigned to (1)G(4) --> H-3(6) and also the red ones, related to (1)G(4) --> F-3(4). Therefore, the sulphuration method was successfully applied to prepare nanosized and nanostructured blue and green up-converter oxysulfide phosphors starting from basic carbonate and polymeric precursors. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Resumo:
Energy transfer excited multiwavelength visible upconversion emission and white light generation is described in a single sample of PbGeO(3)-PbF(2)-CdF(2) glass-ceramic triply doped With Ho/Tm/Yb under single infrared laser excitation. Blue (475 nm), green (540 mn), and red (650 nm), upconversion luminescence signals are generated, and the emissions are assigned, respectively, to thulium ((1)G(4)-(3)H(6)), and holmium ((5)S(2);(5)F(4)) -> (5)I(8), (5)F(5) -> (5)I(8)) ions transitions, both excited via successive energy transfers from ytterbium ions. It is experimentally shown that with a proper combination of the rare earth ions contents, white light may be produced, with the simultaneous generation of fluorescence with controllable intensities at the wavelengths of the three primary colours in a single sample and using a single near-infrared excitation source.
Resumo:
Solid-state Ln(L)(3) compounds, where Ln stands for trivalent Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu and Y, and L is 3-methoxybenzoate, have been synthesized. X-ray powder diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy, complexometry and elemental analysis were used to characterize the compounds. In order to study the thermal behaviour of these compounds simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used. The results provided information on the composition, dehydration, polymorphic transformation, thermal stability and thermal decomposition of the synthesized compounds.
Resumo:
The population inversion of the Tm3+ in GLKZ glass involved in the 1470 nm emission (3H4 3F 4) as a function of Tb (or Eu) concentration was calculated by computational simulation for a CW laser pumping at 792 nm. These calculations were performed using the experimental TmTb an TmEu transfer rates and the spectroscopic parameters of the Tm (0.1 mol %) system. The result shows that 0.2 mol % (Tb3+) and 0.4 mol % of Eu3+ ions propitiate best population inversion of Tm3+ (0.1 mol %) maximizing the amplification coefficient of germanate (GLKZ) glass when operating as laser intensity amplification at 1470 nm. Besides the effective deactivation of the 3F4 level, the presence of Tb3+ or Eu 3+ ions introduce a depopulation of the 3H4 emitting level by means of a cross relaxation process with Tm3+ ions. In spite of this, the whole effect is verified to be benefic for using Tm-doped GLKZ glass codoped with Tb3+ or Eu3+ as a suitable material for confectioning optical amplifiers that operates in the S-band for telecommunication.
Resumo:
The aim of this study was to analyze, under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the morphologic characteristics of root surfaces after application of CarisolvTM gel in association with scaling and root planing (SRP). Sixty periodontally compromised extracted human teeth were randomly assigned to 6 groups: 1) SRP alone; 2) passive topical application of CarisolvTM + SRP; 3) active topical application of CarisolvTM + SRP; 4) multiple applications of CarisolvTM + SRP; 5) SRP + 24% EDTA; 6) topical application of CarisolvTM + SRP + 24% EDTA. CarisolvTM gel was applied to root surfaces for 30 s, followed by scaling and root planing, consisting of 50 strokes with Gracey curettes in an apical-coronal direction, parallel to the long axis of the tooth. The only exception was group 4, in which the roots were instrumented until a smooth, hard and glass-like surface was achieved. All specimens were further analyzed by SEM. The results showed that the treatment with CarisolvTM caused significant changes in root surface morphology of periodontally compromised teeth only when the chemical agent was actively applied (burnishing technique). CarisolvTM failed to remove the smear layer completely, especially with a single application, independently of the method of application. Multiple applications of CarisolvTM were necessary to achieve a smear layer reduction comparable to that obtained with 24% EDTA conditioning.
Resumo:
Ps-graduao em Biotecnologia - IQ
