Integrated multi-trophic culture of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Amazon river prawn (Macrobrachium amazonicum) in brackish water

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Ectoparasites of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in cage farming in a hydroelectric reservoir in Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Deposition of bodily chemical components in the carcass of tilapia (oreochromis sp.) strains

The knowledge of how animals deposited chemical components as water, protein, fat and ash in the carcass is importance for the formulation of a balanced diet, allowing maximum performance with a low environmental impact. So, the study was carried out to evaluate the influence of different tilapia strains (Chitralada, Commercial, Red and Universidade Federal de Lavras [UFLA]) on the deposition of bodily chemical components in the carcass. The bodily components analyzed were water, protein, fat and ash. For the determination of the bodily chemical deposition curves by age, the exponential, Brody, logistic, Gompertz and von Bertalanffy models were adjusted. The Commercial and UFLA strains deposited water at a faster speed (P<0.05) compared with the remaining strains. As for protein, the Red strain had a lower estimated maturity weight (49.37 g), and was more precocious (202 days) with regard to maximum deposition in comparison to the other strains (Chitralada, UFLA and Commercial) in which there was an estimated maturity weight of 231.5 g and maximum depositionfor 337 days. There were no differences (P>0.05) for the logistic model parameter between Red, UFLA and Commercial strains for fat, which presented a maximum fat deposition (0.23 g) at 310 days of age. Regarding ash deposition, the Commercial strain presented a higher maximum deposition (0.10 g) at 337 days, occurring later than the other strains that presented maximum deposition (0.033g) at 254 days of age. Thus, it was concluded that the genetic strains evaluated differ in chemical deposition curves of water, protein, fat and ash.

Pimelodus maculatus e P. platicirris (Siluriformes: pimelodidae) no alto rio Paraná: caracterização morfológica, dieta e reprodução

Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV

Diversidade Ictiofaunística e Ecologia reprodutiva de uma espécie nativa de peixe da Bacia Piranhas-Assu, RN

The Caatinga biome is rich in endemic fish species fauna. The present study the results of fish faunal surveys conducted in the hydrographic basin of Piranhas-Assu of the Brazilian Caatinga biome. The fish samples collected were distributed in four orders (Characiformes, Perciformes, Siluriformes and Synbranchiformes), 11 families (Characidae, Curimatidae, Auchenipteridae, Anostomidae, Prochilodontidae, Erythrinidae, Cichlidae, Sciaenidae, Heptapteridae, Loricariidae, Synbranchidae) and 22 species, of which 17 are endemic and five have been introduced from other basins. The order Characiformes was the most representative in number of species (46,35% ) followed by Perciformes (35,38%), Siluriformes (17,44%) and Synbranchiformes (0,5%). The Nile tilapia, Oreochomis niloticus, the only exotic species, was most expressive in number of individuals (24.92%) followed by the native species piau preto, Leporinus piau (18,77 %). Considering the relative frequency of occurrence of the 22 species, 13 were constant, five were accessory and four were occasional. This study investigated the reproductive ecology of an endemic fish black piau, Leporinus piau from the Marechal Dutra reservoir, Acari, Rio Grande do Norte. Samplings were done on a monthly basis from January to December 2009, and a total of 211 specimens were captured. The environmental parameters such as rainfall, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen of water were recorded. The sampled population showed a slight predominance of males (55%), however females were larger and heavier. Both sexes of L. piau showed positive allometric growth, indicating a higher increase of weight than length. The first sexual maturation of males occurred at smaller size, with 16.5 cm in total length than females (20.5 cm). During the reproductive period, the condition factor and gonadosomatic index (GSI) of L. piau were negatively correlated. This species has large oocytes with a high mean fecundity of 54.966 with synchronous oocyte development and total spawning

Ecologia reprodutiva do peixe-donzela, Stegastes fuscus cuvier, 1830 (osteichthyes: pomacentridae) em arrecifes rochosos da praia de Búzios, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

The reproductive ecology of fish plays a key role both for rational exploitation methods and for protective measures of natural stocks. The purpose of this study was to analyze the reproductive aspects of the damsel-fish, Stegastes fuscus, during October 2004 to September 2005, in the coastal rocky reefs of Búzios Beach, Nísia Floresta, RN. Fish were captured using hooks and hand nets, during low tide. Reproduction was determined using sexual ratio, mean length of first maturation (L50), absolute fecundity and macroscopic characteristics of gonads. The following parameters were related to gonadosomatic index (GSI): condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index (HSI), rain fall and temperature. In relation to sex distribution, it was observed that 78% were females and 22% were males. The L50 was 6.2 cm for females and 7.0 for males. Average fecundity was 6832 oocytes. Results showed that S. fuscus had better body condition in the months prior to spawning, particularly during initial and intermediate stages of maturation. Five stages of gonadal maturation were identified through macroscopic analysis: immature, in maturation, mature, spent and resting. The HSI was inversely related to the GSI. This was possibly due to the reproductive cycle of this species which was associated to the dry period of this region. During this period, low rain fall and high temperatures provide an propitious reproductive condition for the study species

Efeito da exposição ao herbicida glifosato sobre parâmetros bioquímicos, moleculares e espermáticos do peixe Danio rerio

Agroquímicos são amplamente utilizados na atividade agrícola com o objetivo de aumentar a produção e melhorar a qualidade dos alimentos, no entanto podem vir a gerar danos ao meio ambiente e a organismos não-alvo. Dentre esses pesticidas encontra-se o herbicida glifosato, o qual vem sendo mais utilizado mundialmente. Seu mecanismo de ação se dá através da inibição da enzima 5-enolpiruvilshikimato-3- fosfatosintase, intermediária da síntese de aminoácidos aromáticos essenciais em plantas. Pouco se sabe sobre os efeitos da substância glifosato em animais, pois os estudos realizados visam principalmente os efeitos da formulação comercial, a qual contém surfactantes e outras substâncias inertes. Tendo isso em vista, esse estudo avaliou o efeito do glifosato no teleósteo Danio rerio considerando parâmetros de estresse oxidativo, atividade e expressão da acetilcolinesterase e parâmetros reprodutivos. Foram feitas exposições a 5 mg/L e 10 mg/L de glifosato, mais um grupo controle por 24 e 96 horas, somente com peixes machos. Para análise bioquímica foram retirados cérebro, brânquias e músculo; para análise molecular, cérebro e músculo; e para análise na qualidade espermática dos peixes, os testículos. Quanto às análises bioquímicas houve um aumento na capacidade antioxidante contra radicais peroxil nas brânquias na concentração de 5 mg/L após 24 horas de exposição; uma redução na peroxidação lipídica no cérebro na maior concentração (10 mg/L) após 24h e um aumento da mesma em músculo, também em 10 mg/L, após 96 horas. Não foi observada alteração na geração de espécies reativas de oxigênio decorrente da exposição ao glifosato, assim como na atividade da enzima acetilcolinesterase; já na expressão gênica desta enzima houve uma diminuição no cérebro após 24 horas de exposição e um aumento no cérebro e no músculo após 96 horas. Quanto à qualidade espermática dos peixes, houve uma redução na motilidade e período de motilidade dos espermatozóides nas concentrações de 5 mg/L e 10 mg/L em ambos tempos de exposição; na concentração de 10 mg/L ainda houve uma redução da funcionalidade mitocondrial, integridade de membrana do espermatozóide e integridade de DNA após 24 e 96 horas. Sendo assim, o glifosato se mostrou capaz de alterar o balanço oxidativo dos tecidos do peixe Danio rerio bem como alterar significativamente a expressão gênica da enzima acetilcolinesterase. Além disso, nossos resultados demonstram que o glifosato pode interferir na reprodução deste animal, através da redução de sua qualidade espermática.

Molecular biology of prolactin and prolactin receptor in a marine teleost: the sea bream(Sparus aurata)

Tese de dout. em Biologia, especialidade de Biologia Molecular, Unidade de Ciências e Tecnologias dos Recursos Aquáticos, Univ. do Algarve

Reprodução e engorda do pirarucu: levantamento de processos produtivos e tecnologias.

Dados gerais das pisciculturas de reprodução e engorda. Propriedades de reprodução: número médio de reprodutores e idade; origem dos reprodutores por bacias hidrográficas; estruturas de cultivo, densidade de estocagem e casais formados; manejo alimentar de reprodutores; monitoramento da qualidade da água e fertilização dos viveiros e barragens; manejos no acasalamento e comportamento reprodutivo; caracterização de ninhos; período reprodutivo e idade na primeira reprodução; manejo e sanidade dos reprodutores; captura dos alevinos; alevinagem; treinamento alimentar; sanidade dos alevinos; pré-comercialização e comercialização dos alevinos; transporte e destinação dos alevinos. Propriedades de engorda: aquisição de alevinos; estruturas de cultivo; preparação dos viveiros; fase de recria; manejo alimentar na recria; fase de engorda; manejo alimentar na engorda; biometrias; mortalidades e sanidade; monitoramento da qualidade da água; assistência técnica, abate e comercialização.

Diversidade Ictiofaunística e Ecologia reprodutiva de uma espécie nativa de peixe da Bacia Piranhas-Assu, RN

The Caatinga biome is rich in endemic fish species fauna. The present study the results of fish faunal surveys conducted in the hydrographic basin of Piranhas-Assu of the Brazilian Caatinga biome. The fish samples collected were distributed in four orders (Characiformes, Perciformes, Siluriformes and Synbranchiformes), 11 families (Characidae, Curimatidae, Auchenipteridae, Anostomidae, Prochilodontidae, Erythrinidae, Cichlidae, Sciaenidae, Heptapteridae, Loricariidae, Synbranchidae) and 22 species, of which 17 are endemic and five have been introduced from other basins. The order Characiformes was the most representative in number of species (46,35% ) followed by Perciformes (35,38%), Siluriformes (17,44%) and Synbranchiformes (0,5%). The Nile tilapia, Oreochomis niloticus, the only exotic species, was most expressive in number of individuals (24.92%) followed by the native species piau preto, Leporinus piau (18,77 %). Considering the relative frequency of occurrence of the 22 species, 13 were constant, five were accessory and four were occasional. This study investigated the reproductive ecology of an endemic fish black piau, Leporinus piau from the Marechal Dutra reservoir, Acari, Rio Grande do Norte. Samplings were done on a monthly basis from January to December 2009, and a total of 211 specimens were captured. The environmental parameters such as rainfall, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen of water were recorded. The sampled population showed a slight predominance of males (55%), however females were larger and heavier. Both sexes of L. piau showed positive allometric growth, indicating a higher increase of weight than length. The first sexual maturation of males occurred at smaller size, with 16.5 cm in total length than females (20.5 cm). During the reproductive period, the condition factor and gonadosomatic index (GSI) of L. piau were negatively correlated. This species has large oocytes with a high mean fecundity of 54.966 with synchronous oocyte development and total spawning

Ecologia reprodutiva do peixe-donzela, Stegastes fuscus cuvier, 1830 (osteichthyes: pomacentridae) em arrecifes rochosos da praia de Búzios, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

The reproductive ecology of fish plays a key role both for rational exploitation methods and for protective measures of natural stocks. The purpose of this study was to analyze the reproductive aspects of the damsel-fish, Stegastes fuscus, during October 2004 to September 2005, in the coastal rocky reefs of Búzios Beach, Nísia Floresta, RN. Fish were captured using hooks and hand nets, during low tide. Reproduction was determined using sexual ratio, mean length of first maturation (L50), absolute fecundity and macroscopic characteristics of gonads. The following parameters were related to gonadosomatic index (GSI): condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index (HSI), rain fall and temperature. In relation to sex distribution, it was observed that 78% were females and 22% were males. The L50 was 6.2 cm for females and 7.0 for males. Average fecundity was 6832 oocytes. Results showed that S. fuscus had better body condition in the months prior to spawning, particularly during initial and intermediate stages of maturation. Five stages of gonadal maturation were identified through macroscopic analysis: immature, in maturation, mature, spent and resting. The HSI was inversely related to the GSI. This was possibly due to the reproductive cycle of this species which was associated to the dry period of this region. During this period, low rain fall and high temperatures provide an propitious reproductive condition for the study species

Manutenção, reprodução e transporte de organismos ornamentais

O hobby da aquariofilia é praticado por milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo, gerando um mercado muito lucrativo. Devido aos efeitos negativos que se abatem sobre os ecossistemas naturais, surgiu a aquacultura como alternativa às capturas de organismos selvagens. Os organismos produzidos em cativeiro têm uma qualidade superior e encontram-se melhor adaptados a viver neste meio, comparativamente aos selvagens. Atualmente, poucas são as espécies transacionadas no mercado de organismos ornamentais provenientes de produção em cativeiro, sendo necessário recorrer às zonas de recife de coral para suprimir as necessidades. A AQUASPROSEA, Lda nasceu a partir de uma incubadora de Startups e encontra-se localizada no Santuário Nossa Senhora dos Remédios, em Peniche. Dedica-se à produção de organismos de água salgada para fins ornamentais, comercializando juvenis de várias espécies de peixe e uma espécie de medusa. Tem como missão promover um mercado sustentável de produção de organismos ornamentais para o hobby da aquariofilia. O presente relatório de estágio curricular foi realizado para completar o 2º ano do Mestrado em Aquacultura, da Escola Superior de Turismo e Tecnologia do Mar de Peniche – Instituto Politécnico de Leiria. O objetivo do estágio, na empresa AQUASPROSEA, Lda, centrou-se no contacto com a realidade empresarial na área da aquacultura, integrando as rotinas da unidade de produção. O estágio iniciou-se a 1 de outubro de 2015 e terminou a 31 de julho de 2016 tendo sido comprido um horário laboral de 8h diárias. Durante o período de estágio realizaram-se várias tarefas, nomeadamente: a montagem de sistemas de produção; a manutenção de sistemas e de culturas de rotíferos e artémia; a adaptação de protocolos de produção a novas espécies; a preparação e o embalamento de peixes ornamentais e a otimização do processo de transporte. O estágio permitiu consolidar conhecimentos adquiridos durante a formação académica, aquisição de novos conhecimentos sobre a realidade empresarial e novos organismos bem como uma visão alargada do mercado de trabalho no que respeita à aquacultura, nomeadamente às suas rotinas e às suas exigências diárias

Ecotoxicological Effects Of Carbofuran And Oxidised Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes On The Freshwater Fish Nile Tilapia: Nanotubes Enhance Pesticide Ecotoxicity.

The interactions of carbon nanotubes with pesticides, such as carbofuran, classical contaminants (e.g., pesticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and dyes) and emerging contaminants, including endocrine disruptors, are critical components of the environmental risks of this important class of carbon-based nanomaterials. In this work, we studied the modulation of acute carbofuran toxicity to the freshwater fish Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by nitric acid treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes, termed HNO3-MWCNT. Nitric acid oxidation is a common chemical method employed for the purification, functionalisation and aqueous dispersion of carbon nanotubes. HNO3-MWCNT were not toxic to Nile tilapia at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 3.0 mg/L for exposure times of up to 96 h. After 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, the LC50 values of carbofuran were 4.0, 3.2, 3.0 and 2.4 mg/mL, respectively. To evaluate the influence of carbofuran-nanotube interactions on ecotoxicity, we exposed the Nile tilapia to different concentrations of carbofuran mixed together with a non-toxic concentration of HNO3-MWCNT (1.0 mg/L). After 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure, the LC50 values of carbofuran plus nanotubes were 3.7, 1.6, 0.7 and 0.5 mg/L, respectively. These results demonstrate that HNO3-MWCNT potentiate the acute toxicity of carbofuran, leading to a more than five-fold increase in the LC50 values. Furthermore, the exposure of Nile tilapia to carbofuran plus nanotubes led to decreases in both oxygen consumption and swimming capacity compared to the control. These findings indicate that carbon nanotubes could act as pesticide carriers affecting fish survival, metabolism and behaviour.

Otimização das condições de produção de ésteres etílicos a partir de óleo de peixe com elevado teor de ácidos graxos ômega-3

The production of ethyl esters by alcoholysis is an alternative for splitting triacylglycerols due to the possibility of using low temperatures, which results in oxidative protection of the polyunsaturated fatty acids. Ethyl esters produced under mild conditions of temperature could be used as substrate for obtaining structured lipids. The reaction parameters of production of ethyl esters from fish oil with high content of omega-3 fatty acids by alcoholysis were optimized using response surface methodology. An experimental design (2³) (with levels +1 and -1, six axial points with levels -alpha and +alpha and three central points) was applied. The variables investigated were concentration of catalyst, amount of ethyl alcohol and temperature. Ethyl ester conversion was monitored by high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and the best result obtained was 95% conversion rate. The optimal conditions were 40 °C, 1% of NaOH and 36% of ethanol.