Lmlk seal impressions once again : a second rejoinder to Oded Lipschits

Abstract: This article deals in the main with claims made by Lipschits et al. that the lmlk stamps were partly manufactured after Sennacherib’s campaign in 701 BCE. It forms specifically a rejoinder to Lipschits’ claims published recently. Finally, in the epilogue, are presented the data dealing with the suggestions of Lipschits, which have already been published by Stern, Grena and Van der Veen.

Technological status and development prospects of small-scale fishing crafts in Nigerian coastal water

A study of fishing crafts was conducted in some coastal states of Nigeria to elucidate findings on the existing crafts as the baseline for further developments. Based on the technical designs, three types of fishing crafts were identified; planked, dug-out and half dug-out canoes. The planked canoes have the largest cubic number and dug-out canoes the least. At loadwater line, the ratio of freeboard to draft was 2 : 1 for planked canoes, indicating reserved buoyancy. Trim of planked canoe is by stern; the beam-length ratio for dug-out canoes showed high drag. Most of the sea-going canoes have U-shaped bottom hull profile capable of withstanding the rigours of surf landing and displayed good stability against longitudinal water wave. Gunwale and thwarts provided respectively the longitudinal and transverse strength of planked and half dug-out canoes. With its characteristics 'weight low down' construction, planked canoe represent the climax of small scale fishing crafts developments in Nigerian coastal waters. It's only draw back is durability. Further improvement in this canoe should be aimed at increasing the hull size and stiffness, water tightness of deck by coating, caulking, fastening, increasing level of motorization and installation of deck working equipments. Experimental design and use of fibre glass, aluminium and ferrocement hulls, together with improved planked canoe is highly advocated

Trapped ion magnetic resonance: concepts and designs

A novel spectroscopy of trapped ions is proposed which will bring single-ion detection sensitivity to the observation of magnetic resonance spectra. The approaches developed here are aimed at resolving one of the fundamental problems of molecular spectroscopy, the apparent incompatibility in existing techniques between high information content (and therefore good species discrimination) and high sensitivity. Methods for studying both electron spin resonance (ESR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are designed. They assume established methods for trapping ions in high magnetic field and observing the trapping frequencies with high resolution (<1 Hz) and sensitivity (single ion) by electrical means. The introduction of a magnetic bottle field gradient couples the spin and spatial motions together and leads to a small spin-dependent force on the ion, which has been exploited by Dehmelt to observe directly the perturbation of the ground-state electron's axial frequency by its spin magnetic moment.

A series of fundamental innovations is described m order to extend magnetic resonance to the higher masses of molecular ions (100 amu = 2x 10^5 electron masses) and smaller magnetic moments (nuclear moments = 10^(-3) of the electron moment). First, it is demonstrated how time-domain trapping frequency observations before and after magnetic resonance can be used to make cooling of the particle to its ground state unnecessary. Second, adiabatic cycling of the magnetic bottle off between detection periods is shown to be practical and to allow high-resolution magnetic resonance to be encoded pointwise as the presence or absence of trapping frequency shifts. Third, methods of inducing spindependent work on the ion orbits with magnetic field gradients and Larmor frequency irradiation are proposed which greatly amplify the attainable shifts in trapping frequency.

The dissertation explores the basic concepts behind ion trapping, adopting a variety of classical, semiclassical, numerical, and quantum mechanical approaches to derive spin-dependent effects, design experimental sequences, and corroborate results from one approach with those from another. The first proposal presented builds on Dehmelt's experiment by combining a "before and after" detection sequence with novel signal processing to reveal ESR spectra. A more powerful technique for ESR is then designed which uses axially synchronized spin transitions to perform spin-dependent work in the presence of a magnetic bottle, which also converts axial amplitude changes into cyclotron frequency shifts. A third use of the magnetic bottle is to selectively trap ions with small initial kinetic energy. A dechirping algorithm corrects for undesired frequency shifts associated with damping by the measurement process.

The most general approach presented is spin-locked internally resonant ion cyclotron excitation, a true continuous Stern-Gerlach effect. A magnetic field gradient modulated at both the Larmor and cyclotron frequencies is devised which leads to cyclotron acceleration proportional to the transverse magnetic moment of a coherent state of the particle and radiation field. A preferred method of using this to observe NMR as an axial frequency shift is described in detail. In the course of this derivation, a new quantum mechanical description of ion cyclotron resonance is presented which is easily combined with spin degrees of freedom to provide a full description of the proposals.

Practical, technical, and experimental issues surrounding the feasibility of the proposals are addressed throughout the dissertation. Numerical ion trajectory simulations and analytical models are used to predict the effectiveness of the new designs as well as their sensitivity and resolution. These checks on the methods proposed provide convincing evidence of their promise in extending the wealth of magnetic resonance information to the study of collisionless ions via single-ion spectroscopy.

Investigations of charge-carrier dynamics at semiconductor/liquid interfaces

Theoretical and experimental investigations of charge-carrier dynamics at semiconductor/liquid interfaces, specifically with respect to interfacial electron transfer and surface recombination, are presented.

Fermi's golden rule has been used to formulate rate expressions for charge transfer of delocalized carriers in a nondegenerately doped semiconducting electrode to localized, outer-sphere redox acceptors in an electrolyte phase. The treatment allows comparison between charge-transfer kinetic data at metallic, semimetallic, and semiconducting electrodes in terms of parameters such as the electronic coupling to the electrode, the attenuation of coupling with distance into the electrolyte, and the reorganization energy of the charge-transfer event. Within this framework, rate constant values expected at representative semiconducting electrodes have been determined from experimental data for charge transfer at metallic electrodes. The maximum rate constant (i.e., at optimal exoergicity) for outer-sphere processes at semiconducting electrodes is computed to be in the range 10^-17-10^-16 cm⁴ s^-1, which is in excellent agreement with prior theoretical models and experimental results for charge-transfer kinetics at semiconductor/liquid interfaces.

Double-layer corrections have been evaluated for semiconductor electrodes in both depletion and accumulation conditions. In conjuction with the Gouy-Chapman-Stern model, a finite difference approach has been used to calculate potential drops at a representative solid/liquid interface. Under all conditions that were simulated, the correction to the driving force used to evaluate the interfacial rate constant was determined to be less than 2% of the uncorrected interfacial rate constant.

Photoconductivity decay lifetimes have been obtained for Si(111) in contact with solutions of CH₃OH or tetrahydrofuran containing one-electron oxidants. Silicon surfaces in contact with electrolyte solutions having Nernstian redox potentials > 0 V vs. SCE exhibited low effective surface recombination velocities regardless of the different surface chemistries. The formation of an inversion layer, and not a reduced density of electrical trap sites on the surface, is shown to be responsible for the long charge-carrier lifetimes observed for these systems. In addition, a method for preparing an air-stable, low surface recombination velocity Si surface through a two-step, chlorination/alkylation reaction is described.

基于U型塑料光纤和邻啡咯啉钌的溶解氧传感器

本文提出了一种基于U型塑料光纤和邻啡咯啉钌的溶解氧传感器。光纤传感头放在样品池中，测量了不同氮氧体积比情况下荧光强度和寿命。研究了邻啡咯啉钌的浓度、传感头的退火时间和U型光纤的弯曲半径对系统灵敏度的影响。我们提出了双层模型来解释实验结果不符合S-V方程的实验现象，并用双层模型分析了弯曲半径对系统灵敏度的影响。通过对溶解氧浓度和荧光寿命亚线性曲线的拟合，我们得出敏感层的厚度和S-V系数分别为0.59和0.61。

Characterization of a dissolved oxygen sensor made of plastic optical fiber coated with ruthenium-incorporated solgel

A dissolved oxygen sensor made of plastic optical fiber as the substrate and dichlorotris (1, 10-phenanthroline) ruthenium as a fluorescence indicator is studied. Oxygen quenching characteristics of both intensity and phase were measured; the obtained characteristics showed deviation from the linear relation described by the Stern-Volmer equation. A two-layer model is proposed to explain the deviation, and main parameters can be deduced with the model. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America

Energy efficiency in trawling operations

Diurnal variation in trawl catches and its influence on energy efficiency of trawler operations are discussed in this paper, based on data on landings of a Japanese factory trawler which operated in the Indian waters during 1992-93. The factory vessel equipped for stern trawling had a length overall of 110 m, GT of 5460 and installed engine power of 5700 hp. Operations were conducted off west coast of India between 31 and 278 m depth contours, using a 80.4 m high opening bottom trawl with an adjusted vertical opening of 7.60.9 m. The catch data was grouped according to the median towing hour, by the time of the day. CPUE obtained was 3713.4 kg.h-1 for day time operations and 1536.6 kg.h-1 for night-time operations. Mean daily catches were 31367 kg.day-1 (SE: 2743) for day time operations and 9430 kg.day-1 (SE: 966) for night-time operations. Fuel consumption were 0.399 and 0.982 kg fuel.kg fish-1, respectively for day and night-time operations. Total catch and catch components such as threadfin bream, bulls eye, hairtails, trevelly, lizard fish showed significant improvement during day-time operations while swarming crabs showed a significant improvement in the night-time operations. The difference in catch rates between day and night could be attributed to diurnal variation in the spatial distribution and schooling behaviour of the catch categories, their differential behaviour in the vicinity of trawl systems under varying light levels of day and night and consequent effect on catching efficiency and size selectivity at different stages in the capture process. The results obtained in addition to its importance in the operational planning of trawling in order to realise objectives of maximising catch per unit effort and minimising fuel consumption per unit volume of fish caught, has added significance in the use of bottom trawl surveys in stock abundance estimates.

Transferências produtivas e consultas terapêuticas: afeto e intensidade na experiência psicanalítica

O presente trabalho procura examinar a experiência psicanalítica através das consultas terapêuticas de Winnicott, levando-se em conta sua realização em instituições públicas de saúde brasileiras e buscando uma leitura não-ortodoxa da construção do dispositivo psicanalítico. Para isto, propõe-se, em um primeiro momento, o estudo sobre a questão do afeto e da intensidade na experiência analítica a partir das teorizações iniciais sobre transferência na obra freudiana. Em seguida discute-se a contribuição ferencziana com relação à noção de tato e a intensidade própria de sua prática clínica, priorizando-se a fase final de sua obra, momento em que o foco de seu trabalho dirigia-se mais agudamente às questões referentes ao lugar do analista, aos sentimentos contra-transferenciais e à elasticidade da técnica. Num terceiro momento, propõe-se um exame das idéias de Winnicott a respeito do manejo e o uso do objeto e as suas implicações na teorização sobre a transferência. Finalmente, pretende-se pensar o campo de afetação que se dá na clínica psicanalítica a partir dos conceitos de introjeção em Ferenczi, o surgimento dos sensos de eu e afetos de vitalidade na teoria de Stern e a relação de tais conceitos com alguns dos pressupostos winnicottianos, para fundamentar a possibilidade de transferências produtivas nas consultas terapêuticas.

Estudo da interação de antipsicóticos atípicos e albumina sérica com base em modelos matemáticos e espectrofluorimétricos

Os antipsicóticos são drogas utilizadas no tratamento de muitos transtornos psiquiátricos, sendo classificados em dois grupos: típicos e atípicos. Os típicos formam o grupo de drogas que bloqueiam especialmente os receptores de dopamina e, por isto, causam efeitos colaterais característicos, que se manifestam através de sintomas extrapiramidais e podem terminar em discinesia tardia. Os atípicos apresentam eficácia antipsicótica similar à dos antipsicóticos típicos, mas produzem menos efeitos colaterais extrapiramidais e não causam discinesia tardia. Os antipsicóticos se ligam às proteínas plasmáticas, principalmente a albumina, a qual representa cerca de 60% do total das proteínas no soro humano. Neste trabalho estudamos os processos de interação de duas drogas antipsicóticas atípicas, risperidona e sulpirida, com as albuminas séricas humana (HSA) e bovina (BSA), através da técnica de supressão da fluorescência intrínseca do triptofano. A partir dos espectros de fluorescência, a análise dos dados foi feita obtendo-se os gráficos e as constantes de Stern-Volmer. A análise da supressão da fluorescência foi feita a partir da média aritmética dos dados oriundos dos experimentos realizados em cada condição adotada. Como a molécula da sulpirida é fluorescente desenvolvemos uma modelagem matemática do processo de interação, que nos permitiu então obter os dados referentes à supressão da fluorescência da proteína. Os resultados mostraram que a risperidona e a sulpirida suprimem a fluorescência de ambas albuminas por um processo de quenching estático, formando complexos droga-albumina. A risperidona tem uma afinidade com a HSA cerca de 6,5 vezes maior do que a sulpirida, a 37 oC. As constantes de associação calculadas para a interação risperidona-HSA, através da Teoria de Stern-Volmer, foram 1,43 ( 0,05) x 105 M-1, a 37 C, e 2,56 ( 0,09) x 105 M-1, a 25 C1; e para a sulpirida, 2,20 ( 0,08) x 104 M-1, a 37 C, e 5,46 ( 0,20) x 104 M-1, a 25 C. Como a taxa de quenching da BSA foi maior do que a da HSA, sugerimos que o sítio primário para a risperidona nas albuminas esteja localizado mais próximo ao domínio do triptofano 134 da BSA do que do domínio do triptofano 212 da HSA. O mesmo sugerimos com relação ao sítio para a sulpirida a 37 C.

Construção da maternidade contemporânea e a participação em um grupo de suporte online no Facebook

Este estudo buscou contribuições da psicologia do desenvolvimento, pela perspectiva da psicologia evolucionista e sociocultural, para compreender a construção da maternidade contemporânea com uso do Facebook como suporte online. No último século ocorreram muitas transformações no papel social da mulher, o mercado de trabalho a incorporou, o nível de escolaridade aumentou, a taxa de natalidade caiu. Entretanto, a diminuição no número de filhos não reduziu o trabalho materno. Em contextos urbanos de grandes cidades, as famílias estendidas são menos frequentes. Em contraste, o uso de redes sociais, tipo Facebook, aumenta. O percentual de brasileiras (30-39 anos) que utiliza a internet supera 50%. Hipotetizou-se que redes sociais online podem complementar o apoio demandado pelas mães. Desse modo, entendendo que mulheres precisam de apoio para cuidar das crianças e que o mundo atual está interconectado através da internet, buscou-se abordar a maternidade contemporânea em sociedade urbana e a internet no contexto do suporte online à parentalidade. Foram feitos dois estudos com amostra de um grupo de suporte online para gestantes/mães no Facebook: 1) Análise de postagens coletadas (30 meses), objetivando compreender discurso materno e principais temas abordados; 2) Investigação da percepção sobre rede de apoio geral e online, como o apoio online pode ser conseguido, o que interessa às mães neste tipo de apoio e perfil sociodemográfico. O Estudo 1, analisou conteúdo de 2.510 postagens apontando dois grupos de categorias: psicológicas (45%) e não-psicológicas (55%). No primeiro, o discurso enquadra-se na teoria da constelação da maternidade de Daniel Stern: 1) vida crescimento (50%); 2) relacionar-se primário (8%); 3) matriz de apoio (40%); 4) reorganização da identidade (2%). O segundo indicou quatro categorias: 5) negócios/divulgação (54%); 6) desenvolvimento gestacional/parto (9%); 7) pós-parto (5%); 8) indicações/pedidos práticos (32%). O Estudo 2 apontou que as participantes têm idade média de 31,86 anos, 88,6% possui graduação completa, a maioria mora com companheiro, exerce atividade profissional remunerada e tem renda familiar mensal superior a 10 salários mínimos (48%). Os principais interesses estão nos temas relacionados à saúde e cuidados com bebê. A maioria indica que lê as postagens com mais frequência do que expõem suas dúvidas. Grande parte percebe o grupo online como uma ajuda importante no exercício da sua maternidade. A escala de apoio social (presencial) apresenta escores maiores do que a escala de apoio social online com diferença em todas as dimensões. A escala de apoio social online aponta que as dimensões apoio informacional e emocional apresentam escores maiores, revelando que a troca de informações e o encorajamento em momentos difíceis da vida parecem ser os mais relevantes, apontando, principalmente, que há diferença significativa entre a dimensão emocional e as demais dimensões da escala. Resumindo, o grupo de suporte online se mostrou uma importante ferramenta para compartilhar informações entre mulheres que estão passando pelo mesmo momento do ciclo vital, e o suporte online um instrumento relevante ao suporte à parentalidade, prestando-se a um serviço que não poderia ser imaginado décadas atrás. Novos estudos poderão aprofundar e ampliar os resultados desta investigação

An experiment conducted with a floating trawl net off Cochin

The paper deals with an experiment with a floating trawl net off Cochin, using a pair of curved otter boards and a transducer mounted on the head rope of the net. 32 hauls were made with different towing speeds and warp length keeping one factor constant for varying parameters of the other factor. The working data for 32 hauls are presented and the effect in the fishing depth of the net due to the variation in one factor is mentioned. The 'fishing depth' is indicated in this paper as the distance between the head rope and the bottom. The usefulness of similar experiments with added information on the angle of leading warp at the stern for the exploitation of column fishes in Indian waters is indicated.

Comparison of model predictions and speed trial results for a group of 32' wooden trawlers

Speed trial results of six 32' wooden stern, trawlers built to the same design are analyzed to determine the EHP ship Froude number curves in each case and are compared with the model test results of the same design and for the corresponding, displacement, conditions.

高温胁迫诱导光系统Ⅱ及其异质性的变化

近年来有证据证明，光系统II(PS II)反应中心在结构与功能上存在着异质性，它与光舍原初过程、激发能的分配和调节、胁迫因子导致的光合单位的损伤与修复等密切相关。本论文主要研究了高温胁迫诱导PS II及其异质性的变化，以及人工电子受体与PS II还原侧异质性电子传递的关系．根据研究需要，建立了精确测定无活性PS II中心相时含量的软件和方法，圆满完成了本研究任务。此外，也参加了新的非调制式动力学荧光计的研制及其软件的编写． 以下是本论文的主要结果： 1．用N80-BASIC语言结合汇编语言重新编写了本室快速（ms级）叶绿素动力学荧光计的测控程序，使快速荧光上升曲线的采样速度提高了一个数量级（达到100μS/点），可对Fo、Fi等关键荧光参数进行精确测定，为无活性PS II中心相对含量的准确测定奠定了基础．新研制的荧光计的软件用C语言编写，可在IBM PC兼容机上运行，采样速度最快可达25μs/点，对Fo和Fi等参数的测定更加可靠和精确．新荧光计从软、硬件两方面进行了彻底地更新，具有高信噪比、高响应、高精度、低功耗等优点，其性能己达到国际同类产品的先进水平． 2．高温胁迫诱导小麦类囊体膜吸收光谱的变化，结果显示40℃-50℃20分钟以内的高温胁迫导致681nm的吸收峰下降，同时引起663nm的吸收峰增加，表明高温胁迫引起部分叶绿素蛋白复合体的破坏和游离的叶绿素分子的增多．在更严重的高温胁迫下（55℃5分钟以上），体内游离的叶绿素分子(△A663)本身也遭到进一步的降解． 3．小麦类囊体膜低温( 77K)荧光光谱的分析。结果证实温和的高温胁迫(40℃20分钟以内)可导致激发能更多地从PS II向光系统IcPsi)分配，而更严重的高温胁迫（45℃- 55℃20分钟以内）对PS II和PS I的叶绿素蛋白复合体（F684和F736）均有破坏作用． 4．高温胁迫诱导小麦叶片荧光诱导动力学、荧光猝灭及其荧光参数的变化的研究．结果表明，高温胁迫首先导致有效量子产量(E．Y．)的下降，胁迫作用进一步加强导致最适量子产量(0．Y．)下降，而对光化学猝灭qP的影响较晚．这说明和PS II电子受体侧的电子传递和与二氧化碳固定有关的酶系统对高温胁迫极为敏感．其次，PS II放氧系统的损伤也早于PS II原初反应中心的失活．同时，在自然界条件下，存在着高温和高光强对植物的加强协同的光抑制和破坏作用． 5．在研究高温胁迫诱导荧光动力学及其参数变化的基础上，提出测定和计算高温胁迫的植物样品中无活性PS II中心相对含量的合理方法．认为在高温胁迫导致可变荧光( Fv)猝灭的情况下，应以Fvi(Fvi=Fi-Fo)对室温对照的可变荧光(FVCK)的比值作为计算无活性PS II中心相对含量的指标(Fvi/FVCK)．我们在弱激发光下测得正常的小麦和菠菜的无活性PS II中心的相对含量分别为0.155±0.011和0.094士0.010． 6．高温胁迫诱导有活性和无活性PS II中心异质性的相互转化的研究。结果发现50℃以下小于10分钟的处理，对PS II有活性和无活性中心的比值无明显影响：而经过50℃和55℃高温处理5-10分钟，有活性PS II中心才明显向无活性中心转化并发现这一转化过程发生在Fo己明显增加和Fv明显猝灭之后，也就是说它迟于高温胁迫对PS II天线色素蛋白复合体( LHCII)与PS II反应中心结合的破坏以及对放氧侧的损伤． 7．高温胁迫后的室温恢复期中有活性和无活性PS II中心相互转化的研究．发现在高温胁迫不太严重时（如50℃1分钟），无活性PS II中心的含量降至对照的70%，在随后室温60分钟恢复过程中继续降为50%。而Psn氧化侧的活性在此过程中可以得到部分恢复。高温胁迫进一步加强（如55℃5分钟和55℃10分钟）后，无活性PS II中心数目在随后的60分钟室温恢复期中，从恢复开始时为对照的130%和150%继续增加到240%和290%，且有加速转化的趋势。这说明高温胁迫诱导PS II还原侧异质性中心的转化除包含一个快速、直接的机制外，还启动了某种间接转化的机制． 8．对DMQ和DCBQ两种人工电子受体对有活性和无活性PS II中心的作用提出了不同见解。Cao和Govindjee(1990)认为DMQ(>20μmoI.L-1)只接受有活性PS II中心的电子，而DCBQ（>15, μmoLL-1）可完全接受有活性和无活性两种PS II中心的电子。但Lavergne等(1993)认为DCBQ不能接受无活性Psn中心的电子．我们用Stern-Volmer猝灭公式对我们的实验结果进行了分析，结果表明DMQ在较高浓度下（如120μmoI.L-1）才可完全接受有活性PS II中心的电子．但DCBQ的浓度在比Cao等几乎高出一个数量级( 120μmoI.L-1)的情况下，也只接受部分无活性PS II中心的电子( 40%)。另外我们发现，DMQ和DCBQ对Fm的猝灭不是随猝灭剂浓度的增加呈线性关系，而是一条近似饱和曲线，说明它至少包括两种以上不同的猝灭机制． 9．Mg2+诱导PS II异质性(Cα/Cβ)的研究。我们小组发现Mg2+诱导的chl a荧光增强动力学曲线包含Cα和Cβ两个指数成分，说明Mg2+在抑制激发能满溢，调节激发能向有利于PS I1分配的过程中存在异质性。其中Cβ比Cα具有更长的迁移寿命、更低的活化能和Mg2+半饱和浓度．这些说明Cβ比Cα更有可能在体内生理条件下发生迁移，从而在两个光系统之间起调节激发能分配的作用． 10.提出了高温胁迫诱导PS II异质性中心相互转换的可能模型．高温胁迫导致PS II异质性的转化包括几个步骤：有活性的α型PS II专荧光猝灭态的PS II专有活性的β型PS II专无活性的β型PS II专破坏了的PSⅡ．前两种转化一般具有可逆性．当高温胁迫进一步加强后，转化失去可逆性，在胁迫去除后，有活性PS II中心可继续向无活性中心转化，后者还有可能进一步受到破坏。

The Pearl Banks inspection: April, 1970

The last major pearl fishery in the Gulf of Mannar was held in February-March, 1958, when about 4.5 million oysters were collected from the south-west Cheval Paar by dredging. (Sivalingam 1961). Subsequently, two smaller fisheries, one in 1960 and another in 1961 took place. In these two fisheries one million oysters and four hundred thousand oysters respectively were collected from the Cheval paar by dredging. (De Fonselm 1953). Inspections of the Banks were carried out in 1962, 1963, 1964 and 1965. (Balasuriya 1964 and Silva 1965 and 66). Since then inspections were not possible due to one of two reasons or both the non-availability of operational dredges and a suitable vessel for this type of work.The "Pesalai" a 235-ton stern trawler was made available by the Ceylon Fisheries Corporation management for the 1970 inspection. Two new 6-foot dredges turned out by the Government Factory were also available for this work. However, the survey was limited to 3 days-the period for which the vessel had been released. It was further limited to those areas of the banks over 6 fathoms in depth because of the risk in operating a large vessel in shallower depths.