Special carbon requirement of Spirulina platensis culture. [Translation from: Materialy VII Vsesoyuznogo Rabochego Soveshchanii po Voprosu Krugovorota Veshchestv v Zamknutoi Sisteme na Osnove Zhiznedeyatel'nosti Nizshikh Organizmov p55-57. Kiev, Naukova Dumka, 1972.]

By the industrial cultivation of blue-green algae, there very much appears the important question about their carbon nutrition. Spirulina grows within the range of pH value of medium of 8.5 - 11.0. In this range of pH value in the culture medium CO2 is present in the form of bicarbonate and carbonate, which serves as principal source of carbon for the present type of algae. There is little information yet about the influence of the pH of the medium, and the form of carbon components of the medium, on the rate-increase of Spirulina. Investigations were conducted into the influence of some pH values of medium on the rate-increase of the alga Spirulina platensis.

Special Frobenius Traces in Galois Representations

This thesis studies Frobenius traces in Galois representations from two different directions. In the first problem we explore how often they vanish in Artin-type representations. We give an upper bound for the density of the set of vanishing Frobenius traces in terms of the multiplicities of the irreducible components of the adjoint representation. Towards that, we construct an infinite family of representations of finite groups with an irreducible adjoint action.

In the second problem we partially extend for Hilbert modular forms a result of Coleman and Edixhoven that the Hecke eigenvalues a_p of classical elliptical modular newforms f of weight 2 are never extremal, i.e., a_p is strictly less than 2[square root]p. The generalization currently applies only to prime ideals p of degree one, though we expect it to hold for p of any odd degree. However, an even degree prime can be extremal for f. We prove our result in each of the following instances: when one can move to a Shimura curve defined by a quaternion algebra, when f is a CM form, when the crystalline Frobenius is semi-simple, and when the strong Tate conjecture holds for a product of two Hilbert modular surfaces (or quaternionic Shimura surfaces) over a finite field.

Special Sewage Problem : Report on the Sewage Problem of the City of Los Angeles with Conclusions and Recommendations

Not available.

Investigations on phytoplankton with special reference to water usage

Experiments and observations on the phytoplankton of certain lakes in the English Lake District were made from early 1973 to the end of March, 1974. They included laboratory and lake bioassays and observations on the quantity and quality of the phytoplankton in six lakes. The introductory sections of the report are about algae, the ecology of phytoplankton and the scope of the contracted work. Laboratory bioassays on water from one lake, Blelham Tarn, showed that phosphorus, silicon (for diatoms) and organic substances forming complexes with iron were the major substances limiting the growth of the algae tested. The growth of the test algae was limited to different degrees by those substances and, to some extent, to a greater or lesser degree at different times of year. It is suggested that a relatively simple form of bioassay could give valuable information to water undertakings. Lake bioassays and other experiments were carried out by using large in situ tubular plastic enclosures. Two such investigations are described. The effects of a change in sewerage in two drainage basins on the phytoplankton of three lakes is described and some data given about changes since 1945 in three other lakes in the same overall drainage basin. These latter lakes have been affected too by changes in sewerage and by increasing inputs of domestic and agricultural wastes. Throughout, the relevance of the work done to practical problems of water usage is kept in mind and discussed. In the last section special reference is made to the largely unpredictable results of water transfers. The report ends with a note on river phytoplankton.

Management of Biesboch reservoirs for quality control with special reference to eutrophication

The three Biesbosch Reservoirs are pumped storage reservoirs, fed with rather polluted and highly eutrophic water from the River Meuse. Air injection at the bottom of the reservoirs prevents thermal stratification, which would otherwise result in serious water quality deterioration. Reservoir mixing also serves as an economic algal control measure; mixing over sufficient depth causes light to play the role of limiting factor and this, combined with zooplankton grazing, keeps the biomass of phytoplankton at acceptable levels. Special problems are caused by benthic, geosmin-producing Oscillatoria species growing on the inner embankment. Rooting up the bottom with a harrow is used as the method of control, based on underwater observations by biological staff trained as SCUBA-divers. With regard to pollutant behaviour the three reservoirs act as a series of fully mixed reactors. This enables the application of kinetic models to describe their behaviour and allows the use of a selective intake policy, e.g. for suspended solids with associated contaminants, ammonia and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. A combination of selective intake and self- purification processes - enhanced by the compartmentalisation of the storage volume in three reservoirs - leads to a striking improvement for many water-quality parameters.

On statistical treatment of the results of parallel trails with special reference to fishery research

Parallel trials form a most important part of the technique of scientific experimentation. Such trials may be divided into two; categories. In the first the results are comparable measurements of one kind or another. In the second the data consist of records of the number of times a certain 'event' has occurred in the two sets of trials compared. Only trials of the second category are dealt with here. In this paper all the reliable methods of testing for significance the results of parallel trials of a certain type with special reference to fishery research are described fully. Some sections relate to exact, others to approximate tests. The only advantage in the use of the latter lies in the fact that they are often the more expeditious. Apart from this it is always preferable to use exact methods.

Special effects of YbF3 on the structural changes for fluorophosphate glass

From Raman and IR spectra, obvious differences of the glass structure were observed in non-Yb3+-doped and Yb3+ -doped fluorophosphate glasses. Results showed that Yb3+ ions can induce, in a better glass, polymerization and network uniformity. Compared with the monophosphate-mastered Yb3+-free glass, Yb3+-doped glass has a pyrophosphate environment. The main building blocks in Yb3+ -doped samples are metaphosphate groups, pyrophosphate groups (P-2(O,F)(7),PO3F), Al[F-6]+Al[O,F](6) and F3Al-O-AlF3 while those of the Yb3+ -free glasses are monophosphate groups P(O,F)(4), little pyrophosphate groups, Al[F-4]+Al[F-6]+Al[O,F](4)+Al[O,F](6) and F3Al-O-AlF3. The DSC analysis also showed a slight increase in crystallization stability. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Closed G2 forms and special metrics

170 p.

Fisheries statutory instruments 1950-93 [collection of salmon and fisheries legislation with special respect to Cumbria]

This document is a collection of legislative documents relating to fisheries, especially Statutory Instruments, with special regards to the county Cumbria in the north of England. This includes Orders on salmon and trout spanning the years 1950-1993.

Benthic invertebrates that form habitat on deep banks off southern California, with special reference to deep sea coral

There is increasing interest in the potential impacts that fishing activities have on megafaunal benthic invertebrates occurring in continental shelf and slope ecosystems. We examined how the structure, size, and high-density aggregations of invertebrates provided structural relief for fishes in continental shelf and slope ecosystems off southern California. We made 112 dives in a submersible at 32−320 m water depth, surveying a variety of habitats from high-relief rock to flat sand and mud. Using quantitative video transect methods, we made 12,360 observations of 15 structure-form-ing invertebrate taxa and 521,898 individuals. We estimated size and incidence of epizoic animals on 9105 sponges, black corals, and gorgonians. Size variation among structure-form-ing invertebrates was significant and 90% of the individuals were <0.5 m high. Less than 1% of the observations of organisms actually sheltering in or located on invertebrates involved fishes. From the analysis of spatial associations between fishes and large invertebrates, six of 108 fish species were found more often adjacent to invertebrate colonies than the number of fish predicted by the fish-density data from transects. This finding indicates that there may be spatial associations that do not necessarily include physical contact with the sponges and corals. However, the median distances between these six fish species and the invertebrates were not particularly small (1.0−5.5 m). Thus, it is likely that these fishes and invertebrates are present together in the same habitats but that there is not necessarily a functional relationship between these groups of organisms. Regardless of their associations with fishes, these invertebrates provide structure and diversity for continental shelf ecosystems off southern California and certainly deserve the attention of scientists undertaking future conservation efforts.

The introduction of exotic fish in Sri Lanka with special reference to tilapia

Introductions of exotic finfish between 1948 and 1953 are reported in this paper, with a brief reference to earlier and later introductions. Exotic fish were introduced principally to develop the potential for aquaculture in fresh and brackish waters in order to increase the availability of fish for rural communities through the biological control of aquatic vegetation. The algal feeding tilapia (Sarotherodon mossambicus) has created a new food industry in inland and brackishwaters. It has supplemented marine fishery production in a community where animal protein intake consists mainly of fish. It is also being cultured in flooded rice fields and used in the control of malaria. This excellent table fish has not had any adverse environmental impact.

Long-Term Epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serogroup 6 in a Region of Southern Europe with Special Reference to Serotype 6E

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6E has recently been described, but its long-term epidemiology is not well known. From 1981-2013, 704 serogroup 6 clinical isolates were obtained in Gipuzkoa, Basque Country, Spain. All invasive and one in four non-invasive isolates were included. Overall, 75, 97, 51 and 45 serotypes 6A, 6B, 6C and 6E isolates, respectively, were detected. No serotype 6D isolates were identified. The prevalence of serotypes 6E and 6B, but not that of serotypes 6A and 6C, declined after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Serotype 6E isolates showed the highest resistance rate. Most serotype 6E isolates were ST90.