Bullying Victimization and Perpetration Among Adolescent Sport Teammates

Purpose: Bullying is a specific pattern of repeated victimization explored with great frequency in school-based literature, but receiving little attention within sport. The current study explored the prevalence of bullying in sport, and examined whether bullying experiences were associated with perceptions about relationships with peers and coaches. Method: Adolescent sport team members (n = 359, 64% female) with an average age of 14.47 years (SD = 1.34) completed a pen-and-paper or online questionnaire assessing how frequently they perpetrated or were victimized by bullying during school and sport generally, as well as recent experiences with 16 bullying behaviors on their sport team. Participants also reported on relationships with their coach and teammates. Results: Bullying was less prevalent in sport compared with school, and occurred at a relatively low frequency overall. However, by identifying participants who reported experiencing one or more act of bullying on their team recently, results revealed that those victimized through bullying reported weaker connections with peers, whereas those perpetrating bullying only reported weaker coach relationships. Conclusion: With the underlying message that bullying may occur in adolescent sport through negative teammate interactions, sport researchers should build upon these findings to develop approaches to mitigate peer victimization in sport.

Condutas agressivas, bullying e integração social em crianças em idade escolar

Nos últimos anos, quer os comportamentos agressivos, quer o bullying têm vindo a constituir uma crescente preocupação para a comunidade educativa. Tem havido muita investigação sobre este fenómeno mas a maioria tem incidido em escolas situadas em contextos urbanos. Os objetivos da investigação que se apresenta foram: Obter dados que permitam conhecer o tipo e a frequência de bullying em crianças, bem como identificar quais os locais mais frequentes onde ocorre numa escola situada numa zona rural. Conhecer qual a relação entre a integração social no grupo de pares (através do estatuto sociométrico) e os vários padrões de comportamento social, nomeadamente comportamentos pró-sociais, liderança, isolamento social e, em particular, agressão e vitimação (quer na perspetiva do próprio, quer na perspetiva dos pares). Deste modo, dois questionários foram aplicados a 87 crianças: uma adaptação do questionário de autorrelato sobre agressividade entre alunos na escola (QAEANE) de Pereira (1994) (composto por 10 perguntas, relativas às ocorrências de bullying, na perspetiva da vítima e do agressor, bem como sobre os locais em que ocorre); e um questionário de heterorrelato, isto é, de nomeação de pares (QNP), composto por duas partes: a primeira com 4 perguntas que estuda a sociometria (índices de preferências e rejeições) e a segunda com 5 perguntas permitindo estudar os atributos percebidos pelos colegas (agressão; isolamento social; liderança; conduta pró-social e vitimação). Os resultados permitiram concluir que o bullying também ocorre em zonas rurais mas de forma bastante menos frequente quando se compara com os dados de Pereira (2008) obtidos em zonas urbanas e que o local mais frequente onde ocorre é o recreio. Verificou-se ainda que quer os agressores, quer as vítimas são mais rejeitados pelos pares do que os não envolvidos. Discutem-se algumas formas de prevenção destes comportamentos no 1.º ciclo do ensino básico.

School Bullying Prevention Task Force report /

The Task Force was charged with exploring the causes and consequences of bullying in schools in this State, identifying promising practices that reduce incidences of bullying, highlighting training and technical assistance opportunities for schools to effectively address bullying, evaluating the effectiveness of schools current anti-bullying policies and other bullying prevention programs, and other related issues. Under tight time constraints, the Task Force has met that change. The Illinois State Board of Education will post this report on its webpage devoted to the Task Force (http://www.isbe.net/SBPTF/default.htm). Moreover in the near future, the Task Force will produce an Executive Summary of this report which the ISBE will also include on the Task Force webpage.

Workplace conflict, bullying, and counterproductive behaviors

Using a multi-method approach, this paper presents both a qualitative and quantitative examination of workplace conflict, the emotional reactions to bullying and counterproductive behaviors. Three studies were undertaken for the present research. Data for Study 1 emerged from semi-structured interviews conducted with 50 group leaders and members from six workgroups in two large organizations. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using systematic interpretative techniques. Findings from Study 1 showed that conflict induced a variety of emotional and behavioral responses. Data from Study 2 were collected from 660 employees from 7 public sector organizations using a structured open-ended survey. Results from Study 2 revealed that the majority of respondents perceived their managers as bullies. Study 3 surveyed 510 staff in 122 workgroups from five organizations. Regression analysis revealed that differing conflict events were associated with bullying, emotional reactions and counterproductive behaviors. In particular, prolonged conflict increased incidents of bullying. Higher levels of bullying were predictive of workplace counterproductive behaviors such as purposely wasting company material and supplies, purposely doing one's work incorrectly and purposely damaging a valuable piece of property belonging to the employer.

The second generation of the International Equine Gene Mapping Workshop half-sibling linkage map

A low-density, male-based linkage map was constructed as one of the objectives of the International Equine Gene Mapping Workshop. Here we report the second generation map based on testing 503 half-sibling offspring from 13 sire families for 344 informative markers using the crimap program. The multipoint linkage analysis localized 310 markers (90%) with 257 markers being linearly ordered. The map included 34 linkage groups representing all 31 autosomes and spanning 2262 cM with an average interval between loci of 10.1 cM. This map is a milestone in that it is the first map with linkage groups assigned to each of the 31 automosomes and a single linkage group to all but three chromosomes.

An attachment perspective on adult sibling relationships

This study investigated adult sibling relationships from an attachment perspective. A total of 817 adults (253 males; 564 females) ranging in age from 16 to 90 years completed a modified version of the WHO-TO measure of attachment strength (Hazan & Zeifman, 1994). This measure records multiple attachment figures, in order of importance, across four functions of attachment. One hundred and seventy four siblings of the participants also completed the measure as part of a larger sibling study. There were 29 brother dyads, 83 sister dyads and 62 brother-sister dyads. Results revealed that siblings have the potential to fulfil attachment-related functions, with 37% of the sample judged to be attached to a sibling. Females, and those not in romantic relationships reported stronger attachment to a sibling. Furthermore, sibling dyads were generally congruent in their perception of their relationship as an attachment bond. More than half of the sister-sister dyads (54%) agreed their relationship was an attachment bond, compared to 33% of brother-brother dyads and 24% of brother-sister dyads. Taken together, the findings support the applicability of attachment theory as a framework for investigating sibling relationships in adulthood.