Tuotantofilosofiat

Työssä esitellään käytetyimpiä tuotantofilosofioita. Tuotantofilosofia on hyvin laaja käsite ja sen vuoksi myös jotkin esiteltävistä menetelmistä ovat hyvin kaukana toisistaan. Työ koostuu teoriaosiosta, jossa on esitelty kukin tuotantofilosofia ja lopuksi johtopäätöksiä-osiossa käsitellään sitä, kuinka menetelmät liittyvät toisiinsa. Työssä esitellään JIT/JOT-tuotanto, Lean-tuotanto, Monozukuri, Modulointi, Standardointi, Strategiatyö, Six Sigma, TQM, TPM, QFD, MFD, Simulointi, Digitaalinen valmistus, DFX ja ns. uudet tuotantofilosofiat. Eri menetelmistä löytyvää lähdemateriaalia on tarjolla monipuolisesti, josta johtuen menetelmistä on voitu esitellä vain pääpiirteet. Tuotantofilosofioiden avulla voidaan saavuttaa monia eri asioita. Osa menetelmistä on luotu tuotannon tehostamiseksi ja yksinkertaistamiseksi, osa puolestaan lisää tuotannon tai koko yrityksen laatutasoa ja osa puolestaan helpottaa tuotteiden suunnittelu-työtä. Moni esiteltävistä filosofioista ei istu yksinomaan yhteen edellä mainituista kategorioista vaan kattaa laajempia alueita pitäen sisällään jopa kaikkia kolmea mainittua tulosta. Näiden lisäksi työssä on esitelty lyhyesti uusia tuotantofilosofioita, jotka ovat hieman irrallisia kokonaisuuksia verrattuna muihin työssä esiteltäviin filosofioihin. Työn tarkoituksena on auttaa hahmottamaan suurta kokonaisuutta jonka tuotantofilosofiat tuottavat. On tärkeää osata hahmottaa filosofioiden riippuvuus toisistaan ja se, että otettaessa käyttöön jotain tuotantofilosofiaa, tarkoittaa se myös mahdollisesti monen muunkin asian huomioonottamista. Tätä näkökantaa selvennetään johtopäätöksissä.

Teollisuuden ja yhdyskuntien energiatehokkuusselvitykset, auditoinnit 2008–2010

Nykypäivänä energiansäästötavoitteet ovat haasteena yhä useammalle energiankuluttajalle. Tavoitteisiin päästäkseen yritykset ja kunnalliset energiankuluttajat kaipaavat usein apua kannattavien energiansäätökeinojen löytämiseksi. Erilaiset energiakatselmukset vastaavat tähän tarpeeseen ja ovat esimerkki tuloksellisesta energiansäästöstä. Lappeenrannan teknillinen yliopisto on tutkinut energiatehokkuutta pitkään erilaisissa projekteissa teollisuuden kanssa yhteistyössä. Osa LUT:n energiatehokkuustutkimusta ovat energia-auditoinnit yrityksille ja kunnille, joita LUT Energian projektin puitteissa alettiin kehittää vuoden 2008 syksyllä. Energia-auditointien fokuksena on pyritty pitämään pumppausprosessien energiatehokkuuden optimointia, sillä aihetta on tutkittu yliopistolla laajasti. Pumppausprosesseissa on todettu olevan merkittävä energiansäästöpotentiaali: pumppauksen kuluttamasta energiasta voi olla mahdollista säästää jopa 50 % erilaisilla laite- ja säästötaparatkaisuilla. Pumppausprosessien energia-auditointeja on tehty teollisuuden pumppauskohteisiin kuin myös kunnallisiin vesi-huoltolaitoksiin. Lisäksi energia-auditointien puitteissa on tutkittu energiansäästömahdollisuuksia rakennuksissa. Energiansäästökohteita etsitään sekä lämpö- että sähköenergian osalta. Energia-auditoinneissa pumppausten osalta energiansäästöpotentiaalia on todettu olevan etenkin suuren kokoluokan pumpuissa, joilla on pitkä vuosittainen käyttöaika. Myös pumppujen säätötavalla on suuri merkitys energiankulutukseen. Rakennusten osalta on pyritty selvittämään, kuinka energiankulutus jakautuu eri kulutusryhmien kesken. Säästökohteita on löydetty muun muassa rakennusten tiiviydestä, ilmanvaihdosta kuin valaistuksestakin. Monia auditointien asiakkaita on kiinnostanut etenkin led-teknologian hyödyntäminen yleisvalaistuksessa sekä muut keinot säästää valaistuksen energiankulutuksessa. Pyrkimyksenä on kehittää energia-auditointeja projektin aikana saavutettujen kokemusten avulla sekä myös liiketaloudellisessa mielessä opinnäytetutkielmien avulla. Menestyksekäs palveluliiketoiminta edellyttää määriteltyjä toimintatapoja, riittävän tarkkaa palvelujen rajausta ja koko energia-auditointiprosessin kehittämistä aina asiakassuhteen luomisesta sen jatko-hoitoon saakka.

Marketing culture of Finnish research libraries : an analysis of marketing attitude, knowledge and behaviour

The aim of the present dissertation is to investigate the marketing culture of research libraries in Finland and to understand the awareness of the knowledge base of library management concerning modern marketing theories and practices. The study was based onthe notion that a leader in an organisation can have large impact on its culture. Therefore, it was considered important to learn about the market orientation that initiates at the top management and flows throughout the whole organisationthus resulting in a particular kind of library culture. The study attempts to examine the marketing culture of libraries by analysing the marketing attitudes, knowledge (underlying beliefs, values and assumptions), behaviour (market orientation), operational policies and activities, and their service performance (customer satisfaction). The research was based on the assumption that if the top management of libraries has market oriented behaviour, then their marketing attitudes, knowledge, operational policies and activities and service performance should also be in accordance. The dissertation attempts to connect all these theoretical threads of marketing culture. It investigates thirty three academic and special libraries in the south of Finland. The library director and three to ten customers from each library participated as respondents in this study. An integrated methodological approach of qualitative as well as quantitative methods was used to gain knowledge on the pertinent issues lying behind the marketing culture of research libraries. The analysis of the whole dissertation reveals that the concept of marketing has very varied status in the Finnish research libraries. Based on the entire findings, three kinds of marketing cultures were emerged: the strong- the high fliers; the medium- the brisk runners; and the weak- the slow walkers. The high fliers appeared to be modern marketing believers as their marketing approach was customer oriented and found to be closer to the emerging notions of contemporary relational marketing. The brisk runners were found to be traditional marketing advocates as their marketing approach is more `library centred¿than customer defined and thus is in line of `product orientation¿ i.e. traditional marketing. `Let the interested customers come to the library¿ was appeared to be the hallmark of the slow walkers. Application of conscious market orientation is not reflected in the library activities of the slow walkers. Instead their values, ideology and approach to serving the library customers is more in tuneof `usual service oriented Finnish way¿. The implication of the research is that it pays to be market oriented which results in higher customer satisfaction oflibraries. Moreover, it is emphasised that the traditional user based service philosophy of Finnish research libraries should not be abandoned but it needs to be further developed by building a relational based marketing system which will help the libraries to become more efficient and effective from the customers¿ viewpoint. The contribution of the dissertation lies in the framework showing the linkages between the critical components of the marketing culture of a library: antecedents, market orientation, facilitators and consequences. The dissertationdelineates the significant underlying dimensions of market-oriented behaviour of libraries which are namely customer philosophy, inter-functional coordination,strategic orientation, responsiveness, pricing orientation and competition orientation. The dissertation also showed the extent to which marketing attitudes, behaviour, knowledge were related and impact of market orientation on the serviceperformance of libraries. A strong positive association was found to exist between market orientation and marketing attitudes and knowledge. Moreover, it also shows that a higher market orientation is positively connected with the service performance of libraries, the ultimate result being higher customer satisfaction. The analysis shows that a genuine marketing culture represents a synthesis of certain marketing attitudes, knowledge and of selective practices. This finding is particularly significant in the sense that it manifests that marketing culture consists of a certain sets of beliefs and knowledge (which form a specific attitude towards marketing) and implementation of a certain set of activities that actually materialize the attitude of marketing into practice (market orientation) leading to superior service performance of libraries.

Formal development and quantitative verification of dependable systems

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Suorituskyvyn johtaminen ja palveluliiketoiminnan kehittäminen teollisuusyrityksessä

Tässä tutkimuksessa tutkittiin palveluliiketoimintaa ja suorituskyvyn kehittämistä teollisissa palveluissa. Tutkimuksessa pyrittiin selvittämään millaisia tarpeita ja haasteita teollisuuden yrityksillä on palvelujen suorituskyvyn mittaamisen suhteen ja palvelujen kehittämisen suhteen. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli kehittää viitekehys, joka tukee teollisen yrityksen palvelujen kehittämistä ja suorituskyvyn johtamista. Tutkimuksessa kartoitettiin kirjallista aineistoa palvelujen erityispiirteistä, teollisista palveluista ja suorituskyvyn mittaamisesta. Tutkimuksessa on käytetty kvalitatiivista tutkimustapaa. Empiirisessä osiossa haastateltiin neljää palveluliiketoimintaa harjoittavaa teollisuusyritystä eri teollisuuden aloilta. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin, että perustana palvelujen onnistuneelle kehittämiselle on palvelunäkökulman omaksuminen strategiassa sekä asiakkaan prosessien ymmärtäminen. Palvelujen erityispiirteet on huomioitava palvelujen suorituskykyä johdettaessa ja mittaamisessa on hyvä suosia tasapainotettuja mittaristoja, joissa on huomioitu laadulliset mittarit sekä ei-rahalliset ja rahalliset mittarit.

Data Flows and Engaging Visualisations for Your Repositories

Poster at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

A study of self-directed learning at an Ontario college of applied arts and technology

Ontario Colleges of Applied Arts and Technology (CAATs) are currently in the process of restructuring to ensure quality, accountability, and accessibility of college education. References to learner involvement and self-directed learning are prevalent. "Alternative delivery" and "paradigm shift" are current buzzwords within the Ontario CAAT system as an environment is created supportive of change. Instability of funding has also dictated a need for change. Therefore, a focus has become quality of learning with less demand on public resources. This qualitative case study was conducted at an Ontario CAAT to gather descriptive, perceptual data from post-secondary community college educators who were identified as supportive of self-directed learning and from post-secondary, traditional-aged college students who were perceived by their educators to be selfdirected learners. This college was selected because of initiatives to modify its academic paradigm to encourage what was reputed in the Ontario CAAT system to be self-directed learning. The purpose of this study was to investigate how postsecondary, traditional-aged college students and their educators perceive self-directed learning as part of the teaching-learning experience within a community college setting. Educator participants of the study were selected based on the results of a teaching and learning survey intended to identify educators supportive of self-directed learning. A total of 317 surveys were distributed to every full-time educator at the sample college; 192 completed surveys were returned for a return rate of 61 %. Of these, 8% indicated instructional beliefs and values supportive of self-directed learning. A purposive sample of six educators was selected using a maximulp variation sampling strategy. A network selection sampling strategy was used to select a purposive sample of seven post-secondary students who were identified by the sample educators as selfdirected learners. The results of the study show that students and educators have similar perspectives and operating definitions of self-directed learning and all participants believe they either practice or facilitate self-directed learning. However, their perspectives and practices are not consistent with the literature which emphasizes learner autonomy or control in course structure and content. A central characteristic of the participants represented in this study is the service-oriented professions with which each is associated. Experientiallearning opportunities were highly valued for the options provided in increasing learner independence and competencies in reflective practice. Although there were discrepancies between espoused theory and theory in practice in terms of course structure, the process of self-directed learning was being practiced and supported outside the classroom structure in clinical settings, labs and related experiences.

Power Profile of Effective Managers: An Exploration among the Branch Managers of a Commercial Bank in Kerala

Managers are central to any fuction in a complex and developed society. Their talents are reckoned to be cardinal in developed economies and a basic yearning of all developing economies.In order to survive and produce results in a turbulent and transient environment, the task is to understand the nature of factors contributing to managerial effectiveness. This study is an attempt towards this core issue of the present from a different perspective. This study tries to focus attention on a group of managers functioning in the field of banking, a core sector in the country's economy. The gamut of economic activities in Kerala being predominantly service-oriented, importance of commercial banking is almost indisputable. Though economists would argue that the disproportionate development of service sector is anomalous when viewed against the hazy scenarios in the primary and secondary sectors of the state’s economy, the extent and pace of growth in the banking sector has had its dole meted out by ambitious and productive managers fiinctioning in the field. Researcher’s attempt here is to thresh the grain and chaff among bank managers in terms of their effectiveness and to account for the variations in the light of their ability to affect the thoughts and actions of their subordinates. To put it succinctly, the attempt herein is to explain the effectiveness of bank managers in the light of their ‘Power Profile’ taken to be comprising Power Differentials, Power Bases, their Visibility and Credibility in the organisation and, the Power Styles typically used by them for influencing subordinates.

A Study of a Comprehensive Career Services System in Chinese Universities

Since 1999, with the adoption of expansion policy in higher education by the Chinese government, enrollment and graduate numbers have been increasing at an unprecedented speed. Accustomed to a system in which university graduates were placed, many students are not trained in “selling themselves”, which exacerbates the situation leading to a skyrocketing unemployment rate among new graduates. The idea of emphasizing career services comes with increasing employment pressure among university graduates in recent years. The 1998 “Higher Education Act” made it a legislative requirement. Thereafter, the Ministry of Education issued a series of documents in order to promote the development of career services. All higher education institutions are required to set up special career service centers and to set a ratio of 1:500 between career staff and the total number of students. Related career management courses, especially career planning classes, are required to be clearly included as specific modules into the teaching plan with a requirement of no less than 38 sessions in one semester at all universities. Developing career services in higher education has thus become a hot issue. One of the more notable trends in higher education in recent years has been the transformation of university career service centers from merely being the coordinators of on-campus placement into full service centers for international career development. The traditional core of career services in higher education had been built around guidance, information and placements (Watts, 1997). This core was still in place, but the role of higher education career services has changed considerably in recent years and the nature of each part is being transformed (Watts, 1997). Most services are undertaking a range of additional activities, and the career guidance issue is emphasized much more than before. Career management courses, especially career planning classes, are given special focus in developing career services in the Chinese case. This links career services clearly and directly with the course provision function. In China, most career service centers are engaging in the transformation period from a “management-oriented” organization to a “service-oriented” organization. Besides guidance services, information services and placement activities, there is a need to blend them together with the new additional teaching function, which follows the general trend as regulated by the government. The role of career services has been expanding and this has brought more challenges to its development in Chinese higher education. Chinese universities still remain in the period of exploration and establishment in developing their own career services. In the face of the new situation, it is very important and meaningful to explore and establish a comprehensive career services system to address student needs in the universities. A key part in developing this system is the introduction of career courses and delivering related career management skills to the students. So there is the need to restructure the career service sectors within the Chinese universities in general. The career service centers will operate as a hub and function as a spoke in the wheel of this model system, providing support and information to staff located in individual teaching departments who are responsible for the delivery of career education, information, advice and guidance. The career service centers will also provide training and career planning classes. The purpose of establishing a comprehensive career services system is to provide a strong base for student career development. The students can prepare themselves well in psychology, ideology and ability before employment with the assistance of effective career services. To conclude, according to the different characteristics and needs of students, there will be appropriate services and guidance in different stages and different ways. In other words, related career services and career guidance activities would be started for newly enrolled freshmen and continue throughout their whole university process. For the operation of a comprehensive services system, there is a need for strong support by the government in the form of macro-control and policy guarantee, but support by the government in the form of macro-control and policy guarantee, but also a need for close cooperation with the academic administration and faculties to be actively involved in career planning and employment programs. As an integral function within the universities, career services must develop and maintain productive relationships with relevant campus offices and key stakeholders both within the universities and externally.

Styx grid services: lightweight middleware for efficient scientific workflows

The service-oriented approach to performing distributed scientific research is potentially very powerful but is not yet widely used in many scientific fields. This is partly due to the technical difficulties involved in creating services and workflows and the inefficiency of many workflow systems with regard to handling large datasets. We present the Styx Grid Service, a simple system that wraps command-line programs and allows them to be run over the Internet exactly as if they were local programs. Styx Grid Services are very easy to create and use and can be composed into powerful workflows with simple shell scripts or more sophisticated graphical tools. An important feature of the system is that data can be streamed directly from service to service, significantly increasing the efficiency of workflows that use large data volumes. The status and progress of Styx Grid Services can be monitored asynchronously using a mechanism that places very few demands on firewalls. We show how Styx Grid Services can interoperate with with Web Services and WS-Resources using suitable adapters.

Modelling the Provenance of Data in Autonomous Systems

Determining the provenance of data, i.e. the process that led to that data, is vital in many disciplines. For example, in science, the process that produced a given result must be demonstrably rigorous for the result to be deemed reliable. A provenance system supports applications in recording adequate documentation about process executions to answer queries regarding provenance, and provides functionality to perform those queries. Several provenance systems are being developed, but all focus on systems in which the components are textitreactive, for example Web Services that act on the basis of a request, job submission system, etc. This limitation means that questions regarding the motives of autonomous actors, or textitagents, in such systems remain unanswerable in the general case. Such questions include: who was ultimately responsible for a given effect, what was their reason for initiating the process and does the effect of a process match what was intended to occur by those initiating the process? In this paper, we address this limitation by integrating two solutions: a generic, re-usable framework for representing the provenance of data in service-oriented architectures and a model for describing the goal-oriented delegation and engagement of agents in multi-agent systems. Using these solutions, we present algorithms to answer common questions regarding responsibility and success of a process and evaluate the approach with a simulated healthcare example.

Cloud Integrator: uma plataforma para composição de serviços em ambientes de computação em nuvem

With the advance of the Cloud Computing paradigm, a single service offered by a cloud platform may not be enough to meet all the application requirements. To fulfill such requirements, it may be necessary, instead of a single service, a composition of services that aggregates services provided by different cloud platforms. In order to generate aggregated value for the user, this composition of services provided by several Cloud Computing platforms requires a solution in terms of platforms integration, which encompasses the manipulation of a wide number of noninteroperable APIs and protocols from different platform vendors. In this scenario, this work presents Cloud Integrator, a middleware platform for composing services provided by different Cloud Computing platforms. Besides providing an environment that facilitates the development and execution of applications that use such services, Cloud Integrator works as a mediator by providing mechanisms for building applications through composition and selection of semantic Web services that take into account metadata about the services, such as QoS (Quality of Service), prices, etc. Moreover, the proposed middleware platform provides an adaptation mechanism that can be triggered in case of failure or quality degradation of one or more services used by the running application in order to ensure its quality and availability. In this work, through a case study that consists of an application that use services provided by different cloud platforms, Cloud Integrator is evaluated in terms of the efficiency of the performed service composition, selection and adaptation processes, as well as the potential of using this middleware in heterogeneous computational clouds scenarios

Geração de processos WS-BPEL com base em um algoritmo de reescrita de regras

Web services are computational solutions designed according to the principles of Service Oriented Computing. Web services can be built upon pre-existing services available on the Internet by using composition languages. We propose a method to generate WS-BPEL processes from abstract specifications provided with high-level control-flow information. The proposed method allows the composition designer to concentrate on high-level specifi- cations, in order to increase productivity and generate specifications that are independent of specific web services. We consider service orchestrations, that is compositions where a central process coordinates all the operations of the application. The process of generating compositions is based on a rule rewriting algorithm, which has been extended to support basic control-flow information.We created a prototype of the extended refinement method and performed experiments over simple case studies

Pilot Club International South Carolina District Records - Accession 205

The Pilot Club International was a service oriented club for women, however men are now allowed to join. The South Carolina District was founded in the 1930s for “the promotion of social welfare through the performance of civil and beneficial service of the character generally accomplished by civic organizations, rendering aid and assistance to local Pilot Clubs and implementing at the district level the programs and policies of Pilot Club International.” The Pilot Club International South Carolina District Records consist of a certificate of incorporation, minutes, annual reports, correspondence, resolutions and lists of standing rules.

Specification and Verification of Declarative Open Interaction Models - A Logic-based framework

The advent of distributed and heterogeneous systems has laid the foundation for the birth of new architectural paradigms, in which many separated and autonomous entities collaborate and interact to the aim of achieving complex strategic goals, impossible to be accomplished on their own. A non exhaustive list of systems targeted by such paradigms includes Business Process Management, Clinical Guidelines and Careflow Protocols, Service-Oriented and Multi-Agent Systems. It is largely recognized that engineering these systems requires novel modeling techniques. In particular, many authors are claiming that an open, declarative perspective is needed to complement the closed, procedural nature of the state of the art specification languages. For example, the ConDec language has been recently proposed to target the declarative and open specification of Business Processes, overcoming the over-specification and over-constraining issues of classical procedural approaches. On the one hand, the success of such novel modeling languages strongly depends on their usability by non-IT savvy: they must provide an appealing, intuitive graphical front-end. On the other hand, they must be prone to verification, in order to guarantee the trustworthiness and reliability of the developed model, as well as to ensure that the actual executions of the system effectively comply with it. In this dissertation, we claim that Computational Logic is a suitable framework for dealing with the specification, verification, execution, monitoring and analysis of these systems. We propose to adopt an extended version of the ConDec language for specifying interaction models with a declarative, open flavor. We show how all the (extended) ConDec constructs can be automatically translated to the CLIMB Computational Logic-based language, and illustrate how its corresponding reasoning techniques can be successfully exploited to provide support and verification capabilities along the whole life cycle of the targeted systems.