El empleo informal y la estructura del mercado laboral en las regiones argentinas

El proceso de informalización del sector formal que se ha observado en América Latina durante los últimos años implica la coexistencia de trabajadores formales e informales que desarrollan sus actividades bajo diferentes condiciones laborales en el mismo sector. Sin embargo, la literatura, tanto empírica como teórica, le asignó tradicionalmente una estructura homogénea. No obstante, la segmentación del mercado laboral, particularmente del sector formal, tiene importantes consecuencias para el ingreso de los trabajadores y la movilidad ocupacional. El objetivo de este estudio es explorar, desde una perspectiva dinámica, el impacto de la informalidad en la estructura del mercado laboral argentino, investigando especialmente la hipótesis de segmentación del sector formal en las distintas regiones del país. Con ese fin, a partir de microdatos obtenidos de la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares (EPH), se estiman brechas salariales individuales y matrices de transición que permiten analizar los movimientos entre categorías ocupacionales definidas a partir de la condición de informalidad del trabajador y del sector en el que se desempeña. El resultado más relevante es la evidencia encontrada a favor de la segmentación del sector formal. La importancia de este hallazgo radica en sus implicaciones respecto de un grupo de trabajadores 'los asalariados no registrados' que no solo sufren una penalización en términos salariales sino que permanecen bajo condiciones laborales desfavorables asociadas con la informalidad

Das Prinzip der Freizügigkeit: eine Idee für alle

"Das Prinzip der Freizügigkeit. Eine Idee für alle". Presentation (in German) by Charlotte Sieber-Gasser at the 2d Doctoral Seminar of the Center for Migration Law held in Oberdorf (Switzerland) on 30 November and 1 December 2012. In the presentation (in German), Charlotte Sieber-Gasser argues that there is a direct link between regional labour market integration, economic development and migration pressure. The link consists of the impact of labour market integration on added-value production: Through more added-value production in the global South, economic development in the region is more sustainable, jobs are created and brain drain is to a certain extent reversed. As this is acknowledged also by developing countries, more and more regional labour market integration measures emerge in the global South. These newer forms of regulation of the movement of labour is in some cases relatively unique and innovative. Charlotte Sieber-Gasser presents five examples of such newer regulation. The different models range from liberalisation restricted to high skilled labour and indirect liberalisation through the recognition of certificates to relatively far reaching liberalisation for particular groups of professionals and their families, also covering low skilled labour.

Wage and employment decisions of enterprises in downsized industries:deliverable No. 11 to 13

The 5th framework programme research project ACCESSLAB researches the capability of candidate countries’ regions to deal with asymmetric shocks. Its goal is to provide analysts and policy makers with research results relevant to the process of enlargement. The project takes a broad and comparative view of labour market adjustments to address these issues. It examines the topic from both a macroeconomic and microeconomic viewpoint. It considers different adjustment mechanisms in depth and compares results with the European Union. It draws on a) the experiences in transition countries in the last decade, b) the experience of German integration and c) the experiences of border regions to gain insights on the likely regional labour market effects of accession of the candidate countries.

Public policies and work integration social enterprises: the challenges of institutionalism in a neoliberal era.

One particular field of Social Enterprise – WISEs or Work Integration Social Enterprises – has become increasingly recognised as being emblematic of the dynamics of social enterprises and now constitutes a major sphere of their activity globally. From their early roots, focusing on providing productive activity for the blind and those with other physical and/or intellectual disabilities, WISEs are pioneers in promoting the integration of excluded persons through a productive activity. In recent decades, WISEs have incrementally evolved as a tool for implementing national and regional labour market policies. The papers in this special edition explore how populations of WISEs in different country contexts have emerged, and in some instances, shifted in their identities over time in relation to changing national or regional public policies. This special issue is part of the ICSEM project, a worldwide research project aiming to identify, analyze and compare social enterprise models across countries, regions and fields. The special issue features five country specific analyses from the first stage of the ICSEM project where researchers focusing on WISEs examined the policy environment surrounding WISEs and the heterogeneity of the organizational WISE models that have emerged in different contexts: Ireland, the United States, Japan, Austria and Switzerland.

Desenvolvimento regional e mercado de trabalho em perspectiva compara-da: Vale do Paraíba Fluminense e Camaçari (BA)

Este trabalho analisa os diferentes rumos do desenvolvimento em duas regiões brasileiras: a me-sorregião do Vale do Paraíba Fluminense e o município de Camaçari, na Bahia. Ao longo dos anos 1990, o Brasil recebeu uma onda de investimentos estrangeiros, com foco especial para as indústrias automobilísticas. Estados e municípios deflagraram disputas pela atração das mesmas, entre eles, o estado do Rio de Janeiro e o estado da Bahia. Em duas regiões de tradição industrial em outras matrizes, observou-se o aporte de indústrias multinacionais automotivas. No entanto, os resultados em termos de desenvolvimento regional foram diferentes. Este estudo buscou estu-dar o desenvolvimento em cada região, cujo ponto de contato se dá na conjuntura da luta pela atração industrial na segunda metade da década de 1990. Entende-se que o contexto inicial de cada região foi fundamental para os diferenciais de desenvolvimento observados. Ao mesmo tempo, destacamos os resultados gerados pela vinda das montadoras automotivas em termos do mercado de trabalho e seus transbordamentos.

Market Economies with an Endogenous Social Division of Labour

This paper considers a general equilibrium theory of a competitive market economy with an endogenous social division of labour. The theory is founded on the notion of a “consumer- producer”, who consumes as well as produces commodities. In this approach, the emergence of a meaningful social division of labour is guided by the property of increasing returns to specialisation and the process of trade among fully specialised individuals. All decisions of individual consumer-producers are based on a set of perfectly competitive market prices of the commodities in the economy.
We show that a perfectly competitive price mechanism supports a dichotomy of production and consumption at the level of the individual consumer-producer. In this context we show existence of competitive equilibria and characterise these equilibria under increasing returns to specialisation: Under certain well-described conditions, markets are equilibrated through adjustment of the social division of labour; therefore prices are fully determined by the supply side of the economy.

Rule versus interaction function : evaluating regional aggregations of commuting flows in Sweden

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the performance of two divergent methods for delineating commuting regions, also called labour market areas, in a situation that the base spatial units differ largely in size as a result of an irregular population distribution. Commuting patterns in Sweden have been analyzed with geographical information system technology by delineating commuting regions using two regionalization methods. One, a rule-based method, uses one-way commuting flows to delineate local labour market areas in a top-down procedure based on the selection of predefined employment centres. The other method, the interaction-based Intramax analysis, uses two-way flows in a bottom-up procedure based on numerical taxonomy principles. A comparison of these methods will expose a number of strengths and weaknesses. For both methods, the same data source has been used. The performance of both methods has been evaluated for the country as a whole using resident employed population, self-containment levels and job ratios for criteria. A more detailed evaluation has been done in the Goteborg metropolitan area by comparing regional patterns with the commuting fields of a number of urban centres in this area. It is concluded that both methods could benefit from the inclusion of additional control measures to identify improper allocations of municipalities.

Las dimensiones sociales de la integración regional en América Latina

Incluye Bibliografía

Economic reforms, growth and employment: labour markets in Latin America and the Caribbean

Includes bibliography

The gender perspective in economic and labour policies: state of the art in Latin America and the Caribbean

Includes bibliography

What kind of State? what kind of equality?: XI Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean: Brasilia, 13-16 July 2010

Available also in spanish and portuguese

What kind of State? What kind of equality? XI Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean: Brasilia, 13-16 July 2010. Summary

The document What kind of State? What kind of equality? analyses the progress of gender equality in the region 15 years after the approval of the Beijing Platform for Action, 10 years after the drafting of the Millennium Development Goals and 3 years after the adoption of the Quito Consensus at the tenth session of the Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean, held in 2007. It also examines the achievements made and challenges faced by governments in light of the interaction between the State, the market and families as social institutions built on the foundation of policies, laws, and customs and habits which, together, establish the conditions for renewing or perpetuating gender and social hierarchies.

¿Qué Estado para qué igualdad?: XI Conferencia Regional sobre la Mujer de América Latina y el Caribe: Brasilia, 13 al 16 de julio de 2010. Síntesis

En el documento ¿Qué Estado para qué igualdad? se analiza el progreso de la igualdad de género en la región tras 15 años de la aprobación de la Plataforma de Acción de Beijing, 10 años de la formulación de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Mileno y 3 años de la adopción del Consenso de Quito en la décima Conferencia Regional sobre la Mujer de América Latina y el Caribe realizada en 2007. Se examinan además los logros y desafíos que enfrentan los gobiernos a la luz de la interacción entre el Estado, el mercado y las familias como instituciones sociales construidas a partir de políticas, leyes, usos y costumbres que, en conjunto, establecen las condiciones para renovar o perpetuar las jerarquías sociales y de género.

Que tipo de estado? que tipo de igualdade? XI Conferencia Regional sobre a Mulher da América Latina e do Caribe: Brasília, 13 a 16 de julho de 2010. Síntese

No documento Que tipo de Estado? Que tipo de igualdade? analisa-se o progresso da igualdade de gênero na Região depois de 15 anos da aprovação da Plataforma de Ação de Beijing, 10 anos da formulação dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio e 3 anos da adoção do Consenso de Quito, na décima Conferência Regional sobre a Mulher da América Latina e do Caribe realizada em 2007. Examinam-se, além disso, as conquistas e desafios que enfrentam os governos à luz da interação entre o Estado, o mercado e as famílias como instituições sociais construídas a partir de políticas, leis, usos e costumes que, em conjunto, estabelecem as condições para renovar ou perpetuar as hierarquias sociais e de gênero.

¿Qué Estado para qué igualdad?: XI Conferencia Regional sobre la Mujer de América Latina y el Caribe: Brasilia, 13 al 16 de julio de 2010

Este documento recoge contribuciones de las ministras y autoridades de los mecanismos para el adelanto de la mujer de América Latina y el Caribe, que definieron su contenido en la cuadragésima tercera reunión de la Mesa Directiva de la Conferencia Regional sobre la Mujer de América Latina y el Caribe (Puerto España, 7 y 8 de julio de 2009), y que enviaron documentos e información para su preparación y enriquecieron su versión final con aportes y debates en dos foros virtuales. En este informe se integran los avances del Observatorio de igualdad de género de América Latina y el Caribe y se da cuenta del trabajo realizado durante sus dos primeros años de funcionamiento, con énfasis en la autonomía económica de las mujeres.