941 resultados para Rare earth doped materials
Resumo:
Er3+-doped TeO2-WO3 glass was fabricated and characterized by absorption spectrum, fluorescence spectrum, Raman spectrum and stability. The Judd-Ofelt parameter ohm(t)(t = 2, 4, 6) were calculated from the absorption spectrum by the Judd-Ofelt theory. The fluorescence spectrum indicates that the fluorescence width at half-maximum (FWHM) is 66nm. The stimulated emission cross-section of Er3+ in TeO2-WO3 glass at 1532 nm was calculated to be 0.80 x 10(-20) cm(2) by McCumber theory. The phonon energy of TeO2-WO3 glass is found to be 931 cm(-1). The difference between crystallization onset temperature and glass transition temperature Delta T is 112 degrees C. These results show that Er3+-doped TeO2-WO3 glass has higher stability and good spectral properties, which were useful for broadband amplifier. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Resumo:
Fluorophosphate glasses codoped with Tm3+ and Yb3+ were prepared and their thermal stability, phonon states, and upconversion properties were studied. It is found that the increment of phosphate content is good for the thermal stability but increases the phonon density of states. However, the phonon density of states of these fluorophosphate glasses is very low due to the low phosphate content in their composition. The upconversion luminescence spectra were measured under excitation of 970 nm laser diode, and the intense blue (476 nm) and near infrared (794 nm) emission were simultaneous obtained at room temperature. The sensitizing mechanisms of Yb3+ to Tm3+ for blue and red emission contain both sequential and cooperative sensitization. The near infrared emission is a two-photon upconversion process. These researches suggest that when the phosphate content in the composition is low enough, fluorophosphate glass can be suitable host material of Tm3+ codoped with Yb3+ for blue and near infrared upconversion luminescence. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.
Resumo:
Several pseudo-binary RxR2-x'Fe-17 alloys (with R = Y, Ce, Pr, Gd and Dy) were synthesized with rhombohedral Th2Zn17-type crystal structure determined from x-ray and neutron powder diffraction. The choice of compositions was done with the aim of tuning the Curie temperature (T-C) in the 270 +/- 20 K temperature range, in order to obtain the maximum magneto-caloric effect around room temperature. The investigated compounds exhibit broad isothermal magnetic entropy changes, Delta S-M(T), with moderate values of the refrigerant capacity, even though the values of Delta S-M(Peak) are relatively low compared with those of the R2Fe17 compounds with R = Pr or Nd. The reduction on the Delta S-M(Peak) is explained in terms of the diminution in the saturation magnetization value. Furthermore, the Delta S-M(T) curves exhibit a similar caret-like behavior, suggesting that the magneto-caloric effect is mainly governed by the Fe-sublattice. A single master curve for Delta S-M/Delta S-M(Peak)(T) under different values of the magnetic field change are obtained for each compound by rescaling of the temperature axis.
Resumo:
We have investigated the role of the Si excess on the photoluminescence properties of Er doped substoichiometric SiOx layers. We demonstrate that the Si excess has two competing roles: when agglomerated to form Si nanoclusters (Si-nc) it enhances the Er excitation efficiency but it also introduces new non-radiative decay channels. When Er is excited through an energy transfer from Si-nc, the beneficial effect on the enhanced excitation efficiency prevails and the Er emission increases with increasing Si content. Nevertheless the maximum excited Er fraction is only of the order of percent. In order to increase the concentration of excited Er ions, a different approach based on Er silicate thin film has been explored. Under proper annealing conditions, an efficient luminescence at 1535 nm is found and all of the Er ions in the material is optically active. The possibility to efficiently excite Er ions also through electron-hole mediated processes is demonstrated in nanometer-scale Er-Si-O/Si multilayers. These data are presented and discussed.
Resumo:
In the paper the kinetic effects of La3+ and Ce4+ on the growth of Microcystis and the accumulation kinetics of Microcystis in the single and combined systems of La3+ and Ce4+ were studied. The mechanism of the effects of La3+ and Ce4+ on the growth of Microcystis and their accumulation kinetics were also discussed. In the single system, La3+ stimulated the growth of Microcystis at initial concentrations below 2 mg / 1, but inhibited it above 2 mg / 1. Ce4+ accelerated the growth of Microcystis at initial concentrations below 0.2 mg / 1 and inhibited at above 0.2 mg /l. Furthermore, the stimulation weakened with the increase of initial concentrations of La3+ and Ce4+. In the combined system, the growth of Microcystis was accelerated in the over all cases. In the single system, the amount of La3+ and Ce4+ uptake was more at higher initial concentrations than at lower ones. At the same initial concentrations, La3+ and Ce4+ uptake in the combined system was less than that in the single system. The kinetic process of La3+ and Ce4+ adsorpted by Microcystis can be explained with the second order kinetics adsorption model.
Resumo:
本论文合成了R_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x) (R = La、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Dr、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb)、Y_2Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x) (x = 0.10~1.17)和Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(7-x)S_x (x = 0~2),并对磁性和超导电性进行了较为系统的研究。R_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)的磁化率在T > Tc的很宽的温度范围内服从Curic-Weiss定律,求得的有效磁矩略大于理论值,差值与Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)中Cu~(2+)磁矩相近,说明Cu~(2+)的磁矩对体系磁性有额外贡献,这贡献随R~(3+)离子中自旋平行的电子权的增多而增大。其高温下的磁化率CT > 700K)相对Curic-Weiss定律发生较大偏离,这偏离可能的来源有三个:高温下稀土离子发生较大的能级反转效应,高温下结构相变对磁性的影响,高温下氧含量减少造成Cu~(2+)磁矩增大。R_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)磁化率在T < Tc时也服从Curic-Weiss定律,R~(3+)磁矩是定域的,表明超导与磁性相互独立。互不相关,稀土磁矩与传导电子间无相互作用。用Sr取代R_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)中的Ba,没能使体系产生磁有序的变化,但却使有效磁矩增大,并完全破坏了样品的超导电性。Sm~(3+)磁化率不服从Curic-Weiss定律,在Sm_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)中Sm~(3+)显示了典型Van VlccK离子的特性。Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)随氧含量减少发生超导体一半导体一绝缘体的转化,当氧含量由6.90减小至6.49时发生由正交到四方的结构相变。当(7-x) = 5.83时有较多杂质相出现,123相开始分解。样品磁化率均服从Curic-Weiss定律,并随氧含量增大磁化率-温度曲线越来越趋于平缓(直线),当(7-x) = 6.90时磁化率基本不随温度变化,这时Pauli顺磁性占主导地位,这说明氧含量增加定域磁矩减少,求得的有效磁矩Peff随氧含量增大总趋势减小。提出了电子“巡游”的观点,较好地解释了上述现象,并推测出Cu(2)的d电子是离域的,对样品磁矩没有贡献,样品Peff来源于部分Cu(1)的定域Cu~(2+)的磁矩,上述推测被EPR结果证实。正交相Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)的EPR谱显示了中心对称成准立方晶场中Cu~(2+)(d~9, S = 1/2, I = 3/2)的EPR物性。而四方相样品的EPR谱却出现了明显的各向异性,说明观察到的为Cu(1)的EPR信号,由Cu(1)~(2+)的写域磁矩产生。Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)的EPR信号束源于本体相,而非Y_2Cu_2O_5、BaCuO_2、Y_2BaCuO_5等杂质相。各样品EPR信号的自旋浓度远小于1spin/cu,并随氧含量减小而增大,当(7-x) = 6.49、6.40时自旋浓度出现陡增,这时伴随由正交到四方的转化,证明了电子“巡游”观点的正确。用硫部分取代Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_2g中的氧,当Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)Sx中x = 0.11时Tc = 92.6K,比Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(7-x)升高2K,但由于杂质相的存在,ΔTc加宽。其他样品多为半导体和绝缘体。硫取代0,当x = 0.04,0.06,0.11和1.20时磁化率服从Curic-Weiss定律,并且x = 0.87,1.2时分别在230K、240K出现反铁磁有序。其他样品由于Cu被还原为+1价而变成抗磁性。x = 0.11 (Tc = 92.6K),EPR谱为正交场中Cu~(2+)的信号。自旋浓度与温度无关。当所有Cu均为Cu~(1+)时,测问的是-s-的EPR信号,而Cu为混合价态(+1和+2时)测问是上述两种信号的叠加。