The Gospel Worship Service Presents Unique Challenges for Chaplains: A Primer on Leading a Gospel Service in the Air Force

This project examines the challenges military chaplains face when leading Gospel services in the United States Air Force in both domestic and deployed locations. It argues that some chaplains assigned to Gospel services do not have the ministry skills set to lead them effectively. Through quantitative and qualitative research methods involving surveys of 30 military chaplains, lay leaders and parishioners, and follow-up interviews to explore critical issues identified by leaders and congregants alike, this project develops a Gospel service manual. This instructional primer outlines the historical evolution of the Gospel service and addresses its integral elements of worship and challenges that chaplains need to understand to meet the worship needs of multicultural and ecumenical military congregations.

The Interview:An Ethnographic Approach

What are new interview methods and practices in our new 'interview society' and how do they relate to traditional social science research? This volume interrogates the interview as understood, used - and under-used - by anthropologists. It puts the interview itself in the hotseat by exploring the nature of the interview, interview techniques, and illustrative cases of interview use.

What is a successful and representative interview? How are interviews best transcribed and integrated into our writing? Is interview knowledge production safe, ethical and representative? And how are interviews used by anthropologists in their ethnographic practice?

This important volume leads the reader from an initial scrutiny of the interview to interview techniques and illustrative case studies. It is experimental, innovative, and covers in detail matters such as awkwardness, silence and censorship in interviews that do not feature in general interview textbooks. It will appeal to social scientists engaged in qualitative research methods in general, and anthropology and sociology students using interviews in their research and writing in particular.

The Landscape of Differences: Contact and Segregation in the Everyday Encounters

The article examines everyday life in Northern Ireland’s segregated communities and focus on a neglected empirical dimension of ethnic and social segregation developed within the socio-spatial relations between people and their built environment. It shows how the everyday urban encounters are reproduced through negotiating differences and the ways in which living in divided communities lead to social inequality and imbalanced use of space. The article employed qualitative research methods with individuals and community groups from the Fountain estate, a small Protestant enclave in Derry/Londonderry. Their stories were replete with cases of injustice and insights into the daily struggles that have generally occurred within theories of contact and social segregation as a whole. In fact, people in the Fountain presented their own intertextual references on what was more significant for them as a matter of routine survival and belonging, which allowed them to be more constructive about themselves. While segregation has persisted for multiple decades; time is believed to be the factor most likely to change it, as it is hoped that the younger generation will provide lasting change to Northern Ireland and eventual peace between currently segregated communities.

Navigating Grounded Theory:A critical and reflective response to the challenges of using grounded theory in an education PhD

This paper offers a critical reflection upon the use of a grounded theory approach within a doctoral study. As well as providing an outline of grounded theory, it begins by noting the existence of some powerful critiques of a grounded theory approach, in particular around the key concepts of ‘theory’, ‘discovery’ and ‘ground’. It is argued that, in some cases, grounded theory struggles to counter these challenges, especially in its ‘purist’ forms. However, with reference to research carried out as part of a PhD study of sharing education in Northern Ireland which employed a grounded theory approach, a case is made for an open and critical grounded theory based upon three principles: pragmatism; research as practice; and reflexivity. It is concluded that a reasonable case can be made for grounded theory where: grounded theory researchers maintain a balance between belonging to and critique of the grounded theory community; where there is an emphasis upon theorizing rather than the discovery of theory; and where the strengths of grounded theory as 'practice' and 'craft' are maximised.

Família e aconselhamento genético: o caso dos cancros hereditários

Os desenvolvimentos associados à medicina genómica e biologia molecular representam novas possibilidades no diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção de doenças comuns, confrontando indivíduos e famílias com complexos desafios à integração da informação genética na gestão da saúde e nas suas vidas. Este estudo centra-se em famílias com suscetibilidade genética acrescida a cancros hereditários e pretende contribuir para o conhecimento da experiência individual e familiar do aconselhamento oncogenético, incluindo como pode ser contemplada no desenvolvimento de intervenções de apoio psicossocial e na organização dos cuidados de saúde na era (pós)genómica. O processo de investigação incorpora perspetivas da genética psicossocial e da teoria dos sistemas familiares. Engloba metodologias qualitativas de recolha e análise de dados, envolvendo indivíduos, famílias e profissionais de saúde num formato de investigação-ação participativa. Os principais resultados permitem: i) conceptualizar a experiência do aconselhamento oncogenético, através da caracterização das suas implicações instrumentais, emocionais, relacionais e desenvolvimentais para o indivíduo e sistema familiar; ii) conhecer o desenvolvimento, implementação e avaliação de um programa psicoeducativo multifamiliar, enquanto intervenção de apoio psicossocial a indivíduos com suscetibilidade acrescida a cancros hereditários e suas famílias; e iii) integrar a perspetiva dos profissionais de saúde quanto à incorporação de apoio psicossocial na provisão dos serviços oncogenéticos. As conclusões gerais sustentam a importância do aprofundamento da pesquisa sobre o funcionamento familiar face ao aconselhamento e risco oncogenético, e a incorporação de uma orientação familiar nesses serviços. As implicações decorrentes da suscetibilidade acrescida a doenças genéticas impõem uma discussão alargada aos vários agentes envolvidos no planeamento, provisão e utilização dos cuidados de saúde, no sentido do desenvolvimento de serviços atuantes no continuum biopsicossocial indivíduofamília- sistema de saúde-comunidade.

Impacto das campanhas publicitárias contra o tabagismo no comportamento do consumidor

Todos os anos, milhares de pessoas morrem vítimas de doenças causadas pelo consumo de produtos derivados do tabaco, este é considerado a principal causa de morte evitável. O tabaco também colabora com as seis das oito principais causas de mortes entre fumantes e não fumantes a nível mundial. Algumas medidas governamentais como as campanhas publicitárias antitabagistas, buscam alertar, conscientizar e mudar o pensamento e o interesse coletivo neste tipo de produto e consequentemente, diminuir a taxa de consumo. Avaliar se as crenças, pensamentos e atitudes dos brasileiros são influenciados por este tipo de publicidade e se o comportamento relacionado a não fumar ou deixar de fumar é uma consequência da persuasão das mensagens antitabagistas, ajudam a conhecer o real impacto destas campanhas e sua eficácia. Através dos métodos de investigação quantitativo e qualitativo e das análises extensiva e semiótica, a pesquisa inquiriu 272 indivíduos brasileiros à respeito das advertências sanitárias e das campanhas publicitárias antitabagistas, classificando-os como não fumantes, ex-fumantes e fumantes, identificando os elementos visuais e textuais que compõem a narrativa publicitária de 5 anúncios antitabagistas. Após a análise, a pesquisa concluiu que as campanhas publicitárias coordenadas pelo INCA – Instituto Nacional de Câncer, denominadas campanhas antitabagistas, são eficazes para alertar e conscientizar os indivíduos sobre os males causados pelo consumo do cigarro mas ineficazes para influenciar suas atitudes e comportamentos. Embora estas consigam persuadir à crença nas mensagens, fazendo com que os indivíduos as vejam como verdadeira, isto não é suficiente para que a intenção de deixar de fumar torne-se um ato prático. Todos os anúncios possuem o mesmo formato e a maioria utilizou o mesmo percurso visual, equilíbrio, enquadramento, luz, ângulo e função do personagem. Todos possuem textos com funções identificadora, ancoragem e apoio e a narrativa conota o cigarro como algo negativo, prejudicial, mortífero e destruidor.

O empreendedorismo social como promotor da integração socioprofissional: um estudo exploratório

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentado ao Instituto de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Empreendedorismo e Internacionalização, sob orientação de Dra. Susana Bernardino e Professor Doutor José Freitas Santos

Knowledge sharing in virtual communities

The Internet has transformed the scope, boundaries and dynamics of social and economic interactions. It is argued to have broadened the notion of the community from physical, colocated groups towards collectives that are able to transcend time and space, i.e. virtual communities. Even if virtual communities have been on the academic agenda for a couple of decades, there is still surprisingly little research on knowledge sharing within them. In addition, prior research has largely neglected the complex dynamics between Internet-based communication channels and the surrounding communities in which they are embedded. This thesis aims at building a better understanding of knowledge sharing supported by conversational technologies in intra-organisational virtual communities and external virtual communities supporting relationships with customers. The focus is thus on knowledge sharing in types of virtual communities that seem to be of relevance to business organisations. The study consists of two parts. The first part introduces the research topic and discusses the overall results. The second part comprises seven research publications. Qualitative research methods are used throughout the study. The results of the study indicate that investigation of the processes of knowledge sharing in virtual communities requires a socio-technical perspective, combining the individual, social and technological levels, and understanding the interplay between them. It is claimed that collective knowledge in virtual communities creates the enabling structure for knowledge sharing, and forms the invisible structure of the community on the basis of which it operates. It consists of a shared context, social capital and a unique community culture. The Internet does not inevitably erode social interaction: it seems that supporting social relationships by means of communication technology is a matter of quantity rather than quality. In order to provide access to external knowledge and expertise, firms need to open themselves up to an array of Internet-based conversations, and to consider the relevance of virtual communities to their businesses.

Identifying the psychosexual implications of radical radiation treatment in prostate cancer

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was any evidence of psychosexual morbidity among men who experienced radical radiation treatment for prostate cancer. With relatively little known or available retrospective data on the psychosexual implications of radical radiation treatment in men with prostate cancer, this study posited eight research questions which provided the basis for the research. Fifty men from Southern Ontario, between the ages of 52 to 78 years, were included in the study. They had been previously randomized to a clinical trial comparing radical radiation therapy by external beam radiation, or radical radiation using a combination of a temporary iridium implant plus external beam radiation, for localized or locally advanced prostate cancer. Assessment of sexual functioning, drive, attitudes, body image, and sexual satisfaction was drawn from a multidimensional approach, since psychosexuality was viewed as having an impact on biological, psychological, and sociological domains of functioning. Medical chart reviews, semi-structured interviews, demographical profiles of each participant, and the Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory (DSFI) were the methods used to collect data over a four-month period. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were incorporated in the design and evaluation of the study. Frequencies, contingency analysis, Pearson's coefficient of correlation, t-tests, and ANOVA comprised the quantitative analysis. Data obtained from audio-taped interviews were analyzed qualitatively, and used for offering further insight and for facilitating the quantitative aspect of the analysis. Overall, there was sufficient evidence to suggest psychosexual morbidity among men who were treated with radiation therapy for prostate cancer. As well,there were a number of significant findings available to answer all of the posited research questions. The most significant findings were noted in post-treatment erectile ability and sexual activity. A post-treatment change in erectile ability was reported by eighty percent of men. Sixty percent of men noted a decrease in their ability to achieve an erection by reporting some morning stiffness only, penile rigidity insufficient for penetration, decreased control of erection, and loss of spontaneous erection. Other contributing factors associated with change in erectile status were: pain or altering sensation of orgasm, blood in ejaculate, pain and decreased amount of ejaculate, and penile numbness or pain. Eighty-two percent of men experienced a post-treatment change in sexual function, primarily due to the impact of decreasing erectile status. Only seven men reported that they experienced a decrease in desire mentally, whereas the vast majority did not experience any change in desire. Changes in foreplay, stress with optimal sexual positioning, and reduced spontaneity of sex, were other factors reported with the changes in sexual activity. The findings in this study broaden our understanding of what middle- to later-aged men feel and experience as they venture onward following treatment. This was the first study that evaluated available prospective data on pre-treatment erectile status and sexual activity. As well, this study was the first (with participant compliance rates of 100 percent) to have included an interview format to capture the views of such a large number of men. This study concluded with recommendations and implications for future research and practice as we move in the direction of understanding what is necessary for preserving psychosexual well being and enhancing quality of life in men treated with radiation therapy for prostate cancer.

Explaining legal norm transmission using an epidemiological model : the case of employment drug testing

Dans cette thèse, nous construisons un modèle épidémiologique de la dissémina- tion de normes juridiques. L’objectif est d’expliquer la transmission de normes juridiques américaines régissant les tests de dépistages pour drogues au travail vers le Canada ainsi que la propagation subséquente de ces normes à travers la jurisprudence canadienne. La propagation des normes régissant les tests de dépistages pour drogues au travail sert donc à la fois de point de départ pour une réflexion théorique sur la transmission de normes juridiques et pour une étude de cas empirique. Nous partons de la prémisse que les explications du changement juridique, telles celle de la transplantation et celle de l’harmonisation, sont essentiellement métaphoriques. Ces métaphores explicatives fonctionnent en invitant des comparaisons entre les domaines connus et inconnus. Quand ce processus de comparaison est systématisé, la métaphore devient un modèle. Dans la thèse, nous appliquons cette procédure de systématisation afin de transformer la métaphore de la propagation virale en modèle épidémiologique. Après une revue de la littérature sur les épidémies sociales, nous décrivons les éléments pertinents de la théorie épidémiologique pour, ensuite, les transposer au domaine juridique. Le modèle est alors opérationnalisé en l’appliquant à une base de données composée de la jurisprudence pertinente (n=187). Les résultats soutiennent les hypothèses du modèle. 90 % des décisions qui citent les sources américaines sont infectées selon les critères du modèle, alors que seulement 64 % des décisions qui ne citent pas de sources américaines sont infectées. Cela soutient l’hypothèse d’une épidémie dite de « réservoir commun ». Nous avons également démontré une corrélation positive entre la référence à ces décisions et l’état d’infection! : 87 % des décisions qui citent des décisions qui réfèrent aux sources américaines sont infectées, alors que le taux d’infection parmi la population restante est de seulement 53 %. Les résultats semblables ont été obtenus pour les décisions de troisième génération. Cela soutient l’hypothèse selon laquelle il y a eu propagation à travers la jurisprudence suite aux contacts initiaux avec le réservoir commun. Des corrélations positives ont aussi été démontrées entre l’état d’infection et l’appartenance à l’une ou l’autre de sous-populations particulières qui seraient, par hypothèse, des points d’infection. En conclusion de la thèse, nous avançons que c’est seulement après avoir construit un modèle et d’avoir constaté ses limites que nous pouvons vraiment comprendre le rôle des métaphores et des modèles dans l’explication de phénomènes juridiques.

Gemeinsam selbständig. Eine Analyse kooperativen Handelns bei partnerschaftlichen Existenzgründungen

Im Zentrum der empirischen Arbeit steht einerseits eine besondere Form der Unternehmensgründung, andererseits eine besondere Form der Kooperation: die partnerschaftliche Existenzgründung. Das Forschungsvorhaben geht dem Ziel nach, Kooperationsprozesse in solchen unternehmerischen Partnerschaften zu explorieren. Um letztendlich eine praktisch nutzbare Grundlage für Maßnahmen zur Förderung beruflicher Selbständigkeit zu gewinnen, werden Merkmale und Rahmenbedingungen erfolgreicher partnerschaftlicher Existenzgründungen aufgezeigt. Die Empirie stützt sich auf qualitative Interviews mit Personen, die erfolgreich im Team ein Unternehmen gegründet haben und führen. In einem ersten Schritt werden anhand der Interviews konkrete alltägliche Kooperationsprozesse präzise beschrieben. Darauf aufbauend zeichnen tiefer gehende qualitative Analysen Entwicklungen auf einer abstrakteren Handlungsebene nach. Das Spektrum der Betrachtung umfasst neben individuellen Entwicklungen der Unternehmensgründer auch Prozesse auf der Teamebene sowie auf unternehmerischer Ebene. Zur Exploration der Handlungsprozesse werden die eigenen Ergebnisse durch ausgewählte theoretische Ansätze aus Kognitions- und Sozialpsychologie, aus soziologischer Handlungstheorie und Betriebswirtschaftslehre bereichert. Als relevant auf individueller Ebene erweisen sich insbesondere Prozesse der Identitätsentwicklung hin zu einer unternehmerisch-partnerschaftlichen Identität. Auf der Teamebene sind die Bewahrung und Überwindung von Eigensinn in der Interaktion sowie der Aufbau einer vertrauensvollen Beziehung zentral. Auf Unternehmensebene schließlich spielen Prozesse der Sinnfindung zwischen individuellen Erwerbsentwürfen und ökonomischen Strukturen, die Entstehung von Ordnung sowie Problemlösungsprozesse eine entscheidende Rolle. Insgesamt wird deutlich, dass der Weg in eine partnerschaftliche Selbständigkeit ein vielschichtiger Lernprozess ist, der aus der Praxis heraus entsteht, im Wesentlichen von den Gründern selbst organisiert und von gemeinsamen Reflexionen getragen wird. Diese Erkenntnisse stellen erste Ansatzpunkte dar zur Förderung beruflicher Selbständigkeit in Hochschule und im beruflichen Bildungswesen.

Medición de la percepción de marca: propuesta metodológica para la mejora de un sistema de simulación basado en agentes

Se propone integrar los esfuerzos provenientes de las ciencias sociales para el desarrollo de las herramientas de gestión a través de las ciencias computacionales. Se busca desarrollar propuestas metodológicas que permitan el mejoramiento de un modelo computacional que haga posible el simular el desempeño de una marca dada, asociada a una empresa, frente a sus consumidores. Se procura que con esta monografía se establezcan formas que permitan una óptima recolección de información, insumo clave dentro de un modelo de simulación de inteligencia artificial que se aplicará al comportamiento de grupos poblacionales buscando comprender la respuestas que presentan los sujetos frente a la marca organizacional a partir del principio percepción-razonamiento-acción.

Análisis sobre los obstáculos para la construcción de una política pública penitenciaria en Colombia (1998-2014)

Desde 1998 la Corte Constitucional ha declarado en dos ocasiones “el estado de las cosas inconstitucional” ante las precarias condiciones del Sistema Nacional Penitenciario y Carcelario (SNPC), sin embargo, los esfuerzos institucionales por superar dicho estado han tenido efectos nulos o limitados. Prueba de ello son las altas tasas de hacinamiento y reincidencia que siguen manifestándose crónicamente por el deficiente funcionamiento del sistema. Precisamente este diagnóstico con alternativas de solución presume que esta situación se debe a la ausencia de una política pública integral, al partir de la identificación de los principales obstáculos para la construcción de una política pública penitenciaria en Colombia entre los años de 1998 y 2014. El ejercicio antes mencionado se apoya en la utilización de dos herramientas metodológicas a saber: el análisis estructural “MICMAC” y el análisis de involucrados. De los resultados arrojados por estos métodos se elaboran así mismo tres recomendaciones sobre política pública penitenciaria.

The European Flood Alert System and the communication, perception, and use of ensemble predictions for operational flood risk management

Although ensemble prediction systems (EPS) are increasingly promoted as the scientific state-of-the-art for operational flood forecasting, the communication, perception, and use of the resulting alerts have received much less attention. Using a variety of qualitative research methods, including direct user feedback at training workshops, participant observation during site visits to 25 forecasting centres across Europe, and in-depth interviews with 69 forecasters, civil protection officials, and policy makers involved in operational flood risk management in 17 European countries, this article discusses the perception, communication, and use of European Flood Alert System (EFAS) alerts in operational flood management. In particular, this article describes how the design of EFAS alerts has evolved in response to user feedback and desires for a hydrographic-like way of visualizing EFAS outputs. It also documents a variety of forecaster perceptions about the value and skill of EFAS forecasts and the best way of using them to inform operational decision making. EFAS flood alerts were generally welcomed by flood forecasters as a sort of ‘pre-alert’ to spur greater internal vigilance. In most cases, however, they did not lead, by themselves, to further preparatory action or to earlier warnings to the public or emergency services. Their hesitancy to act in response to medium-term, probabilistic alerts highlights some wider institutional obstacles to the hopes in the research community that EPS will be readily embraced by operational forecasters and lead to immediate improvements in flood incident management. The EFAS experience offers lessons for other hydrological services seeking to implement EPS operationally for flood forecasting and warning. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.