999 resultados para Programa de Transferência de Renda
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A coinfecção do vírus da hepatite C (HCV) em pessoas portadoras do vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) é freqüentemente observada em virtude destes vírus apresentarem similaridade em suas rotas de transmissão, principalmente no que se refere à via parenteral. No Brasil, a prevalência depende da área geográfica considerada, variando de 8,9% a 54%. Nos coinfectados, a progressão da doença pelo HCV é usualmente mais agressiva e apresenta alto nível de viremia, como também, há um risco maior de associação do HCV com a cirrose hepática e/ou hepatocarcinoma. O objetivo do presente estudo foi estimar a prevalência de HCV e fatores de risco associados à coinfecção em pessoas soropositivas para HIV na cidade de Imperatriz Maranhão. Participaram 249 pacientes soropositivos para HIV atendidos no SAE do Programa Municipal de DST/AIDS de Imperatriz do Maranhão. Foi coletado de cada voluntário 10 mL de sangue periférico para realização do teste sorológico, onde foi realizada pesquisa de anticorpos IgG HCV específicos e testes de Biologia Molecular (RT-PCR) para pesquisa do RNA viral e genotipagem. Entre os pacientes observou-se similaridade entre a frequência dos gêneros, 49% masculino e 51% feminino, com média de idade de 40 anos. Foi observado que 98% possuem baixo nível de instrução e 63% possuem renda mensal de até um salário mínimo. A soroprevalência do anti-HCV foi de 2.4% (6/249). Na comparação dos fatores de risco pesquisados entre os pacientes reagentes e não reagentes na pesquisa sorológica de anticorpos HCV específicas demonstraram que a presença de tatuagens e piercing foi o único fator que se mostrou significantes, sendo mais frequente nos reagentes. Esse foi o primeiro estudo que investiga a coinfecção HIV e HCV na cidade de Imperatriz, Maranhão e a identificação de pacientes coinfectados foi de fundamental importância para o serviço que a partir de então irá realizar o acompanhamento destes pacientes.
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A co-infecção Leishmania-HIV-Aids é um sério problema de saúde pública em quase todo o mundo. No entanto, os casos de co-infecção ainda são subestimados, uma vez que, a leishmaniose não se constitui doença definidora de Aids. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo transversal de Dezembro de 2011 a Fevereiro de 2012, com o objetivo de investigar a prevalência da co-infecção HIV/Leishmania em pacientes atendidos pelo programa municipal de DST/aids no Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento (CTA) de Imperatriz-MA. A população de estudo foi constituída por 199 indivíduos. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de um questionário para a obtenção de dados demográficos, socioeconômicos e epidemiológicos, bem como foi realizado exame de coleta de material biológico (sangue) de todos os pacientes para detecção da infecção por Leishmania sp., por meio de exames laboratoriais (contagem de CD4 e CD8) e pesquisa da PCR. Entre os pacientes observou-se similaridade entre a frequência dos gêneros, 49,2% masculino e 50,8% feminino, com média de idade de 40 anos. Foi observado que 61,8% possuem baixo nível de instrução e 69,3% possuem renda mensal de até um salário mínimo. 2,01% (4/199) dos pacientes analisados apresentaram co-infecção Leishmania/HIV. Sendo, destes, 3 que apresentaram infecção mista por Leishmania (V.) sp e Leishmania (L.) amazonensis, causadores de LTA e um paciente infectado por Leishmania (L.) chagasi, causador de LV. Na comparação dos fatores de risco, comorbidades e complicações entre os pacientes analisados observou-se que a malária foi o único fator que se mostrou significante em torno de 10,05%. Esse foi o primeiro estudo que investiga a coinfecção HIV Leishmaniana cidade de Imperatriz, Maranhão e a identificação de pacientes coinfectados foi de fundamental importância para o serviço que a partir de então poderá realizar o acompanhamento destes pacientes. Este estudo permitiu conhecer a magnitude da prevalência da co-infecção Leishmania/HIV. Assim, sugerimos que o teste anti-Leishmaniaseja realizado em todos os indivíduos com HIV/Aids, e que sejam incrementadas políticas públicas voltadas para essa problemática.
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS
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This paper has as goal to analyze the Bolsa Família program in its several aspects (creation, discussions about it, perspective of those who receives the program benefits, its reach and effectiveness in comparison with what had been idealized by its creators). Besides that, it is done a report since the colonization age until the period before the creation of the social assistance programs to justify the inequality that the country are currently in, and, like it is made clear during the mentioned research, it has been improved in the course of years. And finally, it is proved through statistics the inequality between Northeast and Southeast regions. They represent, together, the biggest part of Brazilian population e their socioeconomics problems, in a way that can be taken into consideration as an example to the rest of the country
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The present work aims to analyze how the Programa de Desenvolvimento de Rio Claro (PRODERC) as a public policy generating and jobs for industries located in the city, promoting local development, using as selection criterion to expand the number of employees in a period of three years. We are going to analyzed different factors such as increase in the number of workers in the period analyzed, the impact of PRODERC industries and the government’s relationship with the industries covered, and the location there of on the territory according to industrial size
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Since the 60's, the population censuses have revealed a high degree of social inequality in Brazil. The concentration of income, as measured by the Gini index, showed persistently high since then. After the year 2001, we note that the trajectory stability is disrupted and the Gini index begins to show a downward trend. In relation to poverty, there has been two periods in recent history in which there was consistent decrease in the proportion of poor in the years immediately after the Real Plan in 2003 and in the year 2003 onwards. This research aimed to analyze poverty and income distribution in rural Brazil. In this crop sector, it is noted that the average perceived by the rural population is below the Brazilian income and, therefore, there is an increase in the number of poor. In addition, income in rural areas is less concentrated compared to the urban environment. Finally, as occurred in Brazil, there is a rural improvement in indicators of poverty and inequality in the last 10 years. Finally, this paper analyzes the changes that may have contributed to the fall in inequality and rural poverty, including the policy of rural settlement, the credit program to the family farmer (PRONAF) and rural retirement
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This paper has it is hypotesis on the government program “My Home, My Life” and the assumption that it is a public politic attached to the market logic of financialization of the housing. It is understood that this program encourage capital for the main constructors and incorporated of brazilian heritage elite. It also served as well to promote more rentability to international capital and intensified the sociospacial segregration process as real state speculation has been potencialized. This work aims to present and discuss the program contradictions that have been sustained on the speech of wide subsidy offer and habitance construcution for low income workers - month income until three minimum salaries. Documents have shown that in the first phase of the program, habitance construction for this sector of population corresponded only to 5,5% of total habitation deficit. Businessmen on residance civil construction and public politic representatives have confirmed that the program interests are linked to financial market logic.The real benefits are not for low income workers, but for real state agents through extraordinaty profits of land and the so called new medium workers class(worker class C).We will search for embasement on the country history through the different governments and housing policies, in value theory and the concept of land income to understand the financialization process of the housing. We will also analyse oficial documents and the agents speech involved in real state market to show program contradictions and whose the real benefts are for
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Este trabalho pretende investigar a eficiência do Programa “Luz para Todos” - LPT, na alocação de recursos financeiros para os estados mais carentes da nação. Para tanto, utiliza-se o ferramental da Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais (AEDE). Inicialmente, elabora-se uma análise univariada para o PIB estadual per capita, verificando-se dois clusters significativos para essa variável: um, com valores elevados e outro, com valores reduzidos. Em seguida, utiliza-se a mesma metodologia para avaliar os recursos alocados pelo Programa LPT, detectando-se os estados com valores significativos para essa variável. Por fim, é realizada uma análise bivariada confrontando a renda per capita estadual contra os recursos alocados pelo Programa LPT em cada estado. Os resultados sugerem que o Programa LPT cumpre parcialmente sua função social, pois dois estados “ricos”, Minas Gerais e Goiás, possuem como vizinhos, estados que receberam quantias abaixo da média do referido Programa.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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This work aims to analyze the limitations of recent Brazilian urban expansion and, more specifically, the housing policy for low-income population, focused on Minha Casa, Minha Vida in Campinas / SP . It is understood that this program aims to democratize access to housing for excluded populations in the property market, resulting in a right to the city. This policy is analyzed in the living space configuration from the point of view of socio-spatial segregation. To meet the flexibility of real estate developers, urban politic Campinas was subsumed by the entrepreneurship of housing production, was detached from the municipal planning and releasing ownership of urban land for the free flow of capital that circulated by the real estate market in the search for the appropriation of elevation of the ground rent . These processes are understood through intense confinement of poverty in areas that grow randomly deleted and the margin of urban rights
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The Urban Solid Residues are the rests of human activity, popularly known by trash and considered by population like useless, undesirable and disposable. On the other hand, for the waste pickers, solid residues are the beginning of a cycle: they see in the other's people trash the only income, an economic value. Currently, in brazilian cities, one million collectors act, alone or in cooperatives, socially excluded by the work they do. The National Policy of Solid Residues (PNRS), instituted in 2010, established guidelines to the execution of integrated residues management, with should be practiced by city halls and other governmental institutions. This policy has, besides other things, goals of residues reduction and inclusion of waste pickers in the mechanism of selective collect and recycling. However, this and other public policies created for residue management are benefic only for cooperated waste pickers. That could negatively affect most of this class, since 90% are waste pickers working in a precarious way on the country's streets. This study has for objective show that most of waste pickers that work in a precarious way on the brazilian territory has a huge potential for the solid residues recycling chain and how they should be valued for the environmental services they provide, so they can be included with dignity on the society, ensuring economic and social benefits for this workers. The methodology adopted was based on the amount of residue collected by the 44 cooperated members of the Rio Claro‟s waste pickers cooperative to estimate the potential of collect and recycling did by 210 autonomous waste pickers who are active on city streets. It was observed that the cooperative collects the equivalent of 10.2% of all recyclable residues generated by city population. However, with the potential that these autonomous waste pickers have, which together could contribute 465 tonnes of solid residues per month, or 5,570 tons a year...
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The Urban Solid Residues are the rests of human activity, popularly known by trash and considered by population like useless, undesirable and disposable. On the other hand, for the waste pickers, solid residues are the beginning of a cycle: they see in the other's people trash the only income, an economic value. Currently, in brazilian cities, one million collectors act, alone or in cooperatives, socially excluded by the work they do. The National Policy of Solid Residues (PNRS), instituted in 2010, established guidelines to the execution of integrated residues management, with should be practiced by city halls and other governmental institutions. This policy has, besides other things, goals of residues reduction and inclusion of waste pickers in the mechanism of selective collect and recycling. However, this and other public policies created for residue management are benefic only for cooperated waste pickers. That could negatively affect most of this class, since 90% are waste pickers working in a precarious way on the country's streets. This study has for objective show that most of waste pickers that work in a precarious way on the brazilian territory has a huge potential for the solid residues recycling chain and how they should be valued for the environmental services they provide, so they can be included with dignity on the society, ensuring economic and social benefits for this workers. The methodology adopted was based on the amount of residue collected by the 44 cooperated members of the Rio Claro‟s waste pickers cooperative to estimate the potential of collect and recycling did by 210 autonomous waste pickers who are active on city streets. It was observed that the cooperative collects the equivalent of 10.2% of all recyclable residues generated by city population. However, with the potential that these autonomous waste pickers have, which together could contribute 465 tonnes of solid residues per month, or 5,570 tons a year...
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Objetivou-se identificar as características sociodemográficas das mulheres que realizam o Papanicolaou em Manaus, Amazonas, e sua associação com os motivos para realização do exame. Pesquisa exploratória incluindo 281 mulheres, que haviam realizado o Papanicolaou nos últimos cinco anos em Manaus. A maioria das entrevistadas tinha entre 18-34 anos (54%), 5-11 anos de estudo (54,4%), renda familiar mensal de até três salários mínimos (84,3%), relação estável (72,2%) e início da vida sexual entre 15-19 anos (69,4%). Os motivos para realização do Papanicolaou foram procura espontânea (66,2%), recomendação médica (23,5%) e sintomas ginecológicos (10,3%). Mulheres que receberam informação dos profissionais de saúde tiveram proporção maior de realização do exame nos últimos três anos (p=0,008). A demanda espontânea é prevalente e o atendimento oportunístico é realizado nas mulheres mais jovens, não alcançando o grupo com maior risco para o câncer. É necessário implantar estratégias de recrutamento ativo alcançando mulheres em desvantagem socioeconômica.