Análise do limite da capacidade de escoamento de esgoto sanitário em tubulação interceptora assentada em área urbana

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o limite da capacidade de escoamento de esgoto sanitário em tubulação interceptora assentada na área urbana do município de Belém – PA. Para isso, foram considerados a Bacia de Esgotamento 5 (BE 5), as projeções populacionais e de produção de esgoto (2010-2030) da área oficial com coleta e transporte de esgoto da BE 5 (Área 1) e da área total dessa Bacia (Área 2), os 100m (cem) do interceptor assentado na BE 5 (chegada da Estação Elevatória de Esgoto do Una), bem como as informações identificadas dessa tubulação e a alteração de declividade proposta neste trabalho. Foi executado o dimensionamento hidráulico e verificou-se que na Área 1, para todas as declividades escolhidas, o interceptor terá capacidade de escoamento no período de 2010-2030, chegando a lâmina líquida máxima de 0,225 em 2030. No entanto, para a Área 2 verificou-se que a capacidade de escoamento terá comprometimento, quando utilizamos três das sete declividades estimadas, chegando a lâmina líquida máxima de 0,950 em 2030, indo de encontro ao recomentado na NBR 9649/1986 Projeto de Rede Coletora de Esgoto Sanitário (0,750). Recomenda-se, neste caso, a reestruturação/ampliação do sistema de coleta e transporte de esgoto da BE 5, em virtude do aumento populacional e de produção de esgoto, resultante da nova divisão de Bacias de Esgotamento realizado no PDSES (2010).

Ferramenta de avaliação do transporte hidroviário de passageiros da região amazônica

A Amazônia brasileira detém mais de 60% da água doce disponível no Brasil, por onde passa um dos maiores rios do mundo, o Rio Amazonas, tanto em extensão como em volume de água, além de abrigar uma das maiores redes hidroviárias do Planeta, com centenas de rios caudalosos. É nesse sistema que a presente pesquisa se propôs a fazer uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa da frota de embarcações, terminais e demanda de passageiros que são transportados pelos rios da Amazônia brasileira, visando contribuir para o desenvolvimento tecnológico do transporte hidroviário de passageiros na região. Através de um método matemático para o cálculo do valor da tarifa por passageiro, que leva em consideração as características físicas e operacionais de cada linha, buscou-se analisar os valores praticados, assim como otimizou-se os parâmetros de uma embarcação com as condições ideais e de menor custo por passageiro transportado. Neste aspecto verificou-se ainda, que o custo do transporte do passageiro pode ser reduzido com um projeto de embarcação mais adequado para cada linha e respectiva demanda. Os dados, informações e previsões sobre a produção do transporte hidroviário de passageiros são apresentados para melhor entendimento do setor de maneira a possibilitar propostas de transportes mais eficientes, de acordo com as características da via navegável e do ambiente operacional. Com o método de avaliação de custo proposto foi possível verificar que o custo do transporte hidroviário de passageiro na Amazônia não é homogêneo, em virtude da grande diversidade de embarcações que operam em cada linha, e que, a otimização do projeto adequado para cada linha pode ter grande reduções no custo do passageiro transportado.

Hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos em sedimentos e organismos bentônicos do Terminal de Miramar (Baía do Guajará - Belém - Pará - Amazônia)

ABSTRACT: In Guajará bay, mouth of the Amazon River, is located the capital of Pará state (Belém) and its metropolitan area. Exists in this area an intense boat traffic, as well as transportation and sale of fuels in floating docks and activities related to the storage and transportation of oil in Miramar Petrochemical Terminal (TEMIR). Small spills and discharges of oil in water can serve as sources of pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are organic compounds generated by incomplete combustion of organic matter (OM) and are among the contaminants of most interest in environmental studies due to their mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. One way to detect and evaluate the impact of PAHs in an environment is using biomonitors, however the qualitative and quantitative analysis in sediments are most widely used. This study aimed to evaluate, by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), the 16 PAHs considered as priority by the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States in sediments and benthic organisms (Namalicastys abiuma) of TEMIR. Field expeditions were carried out in December 2012, March, May and June 2013 representing the dried, wet (two samples) and dried seasons successively. Fine sediments levels dominated in both sampling periods and the %Fines in Guajará bays has a direct relationship to the %OM. In relation to the 16 PAHs studied, 10 of them were detected in the wet season sediments samples and 8 in the dried season. Even with a low diversity of aromatic compounds, sediment samples of the dried season presented greater ΣHPAs (1.351,43 ng g^-1) than the sediments of the wet season (263,99 ng g^-1), which can be related to the increased hydrodynamic in Guajará bay this last period. Correlation analysis indicated that ΣHPAs not seem to be influenced by %Fine and %OM. Benzo(a)pyrene accounted for 87% of ΣHPAs during the wet season, the other PAHs showed percentage ≤ 3%. During the other period stood out: pyrene (18% of ΣHPAs) fluoranthene (16%), the chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene (15%) and benzo(a)pyrene (11%). The use of the geochemical reason to interpret likely sources of PAHs indicated that there is a predominance of aromatics from pyrolytic origin in TEMIR. The activities that may be responsible for the PAHs levels observed in sediments and benthic organisms in TEMIR are the discharge of untreated domestic sewage and the emissions of particulates from cars and small/medium boats. The ΣHPAs seems to influence the density of polychaetes because a reduction of about 50% in the number of organisms was observed during the dry season when there was the greater amount of ΣHPAs in their body structure. Among the 16 PAHs studied, 11 were detected in the polychaetes during the dry season (ΣHPAs_MED = 848,71 ng g^-1) and 10 in the wet season (ΣHPAs_MED = 141,85 ng g^-1). Were highlighted during the dried season: indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene (47%) and pyrene (23%). While in the wet season: pyrene (23%), chrysene (17%), fluorene (17%) and fluoranthene (13%). The %Rec obtained was >>100% indicating a matrix effect and reducing the quantitative accuracy of results. The use of the polychaete N. abiuma as biomonitor of pollution by PAHs in estuaries not seem to be effective when the sample period is limited, because collecting it requires a great effort to obtain a small amount of mass and it still results in a matrix effect in the chromatographic analysis (method %Rec >> 100%) that may not be corrected due to the restricted availability of sample mass. Studies with a larger number of samples, enabling depth statistical analysis, and covering other collection points in Guajará bay are required to prove mathematically that has been stated in this dissertation.

Avaliação do desempenho operacional e de custos entre enfardadoras no recolhimento de palhiço de cana-de-açúcar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Método para avaliação de risco ambiental de acidentes de trânsito envolvendo produtos perigosos usando análise multicritério

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta de otimização para avaliar a expansão da transmissão de energia

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação dos gases de efeito estufa a partir do carvão

This paper addresses the context of emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) from activities related to Coal, called fugitive emissions. The survey of factors, development, analysis, and suggestions for controlling emissions are conducted in order to reduce risks to the environment and people around it. The greenhouse gases absorb radiation, emitted by the Earth’s surface, and hinder their escape into space. This process is essential to terrestrial life. Increasing the concentration of those gases in the atmosphere has led to an increase in the terrestrial temperature. A selection of processes that emit gases and the study and development of calculations for measuring fugitive emissions applied in different sources from coal are performed. The greenhouse gases can be released from the extraction, processing, storage, and transportation of fossil fuels to the end consumer. Coal has 4 main fugitive factors: mining, post-mining, oxidation at low temperature, and uncontrolled combustion. The coal formation process produces methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), being the methane, the main greenhouse gas from the coal mining and handling. The types of activities and the weight of each in the issuing process are observed. It is also made comparisons between the countries with the highest emissions rates. Are evaluated what has been done and what is needed to decrease emissions, for example the use of gas as an alternative fuel for energy generation

Análise e redução de custos e peso em veículo rodoviário de carga reboque linha de eixos

Load transportation in brazilian territory is made difficult by a deficient highway network, result of low maintenance and lack of government supervision. The problem aggravates when we consider the transportation of indivisible loads, mainly because the brazilian highways are not prepared for such task and few companies in Brazil have the necessary equipment suited for this kind of transport. In this dissertation it will be shown the analysis of a specific equipment to transport overweight indivisible loads, called hydraulic modular multi axle trailer. From an existing project (RB.04LE-01), manufactured and homologated in Brazil, it has been studied how the components in this trailer work so it could have been possible to elaborate a new model (RB.04LE-02), with two main objectives: reduction of costs and weight with subsequent increase in the liquid load for roadway transportation. The trailer’s components analyses were made utilizing the theory of fatigue strength of materials and finite element method with the von Misses criteria for a more safety when realizing the calculations

Utilização de geotecnologias no monitoramento de processos erosivos e movimentos de massa em trecho da faixa de dutos Rio de Janeiro - Belo Horizonte

The transportation of oil through pipelines raises a concern related to safety and environmental impacts they may cause, especially when exposed to risks that affect their integrity. Among the natural phenomena that can affect the pipelines are erosion and landslides. Considering the large territory involving the pipelines, remote sensing tools have a great applicability for data acquisition. For this, visual analysis techniques were applied to perform change detection in order to monitor erosion features and landslides along a stretch of pipeline Rio de Janeiro – Belo Horizonte, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The work involved the characterization of the study area as well as the erosion and landslide processes, through bibliographical data. The satellite image processing and the application of change detection techniques were developed in two scenes for the years 2002 and 2010. It was noted a small increase in the number of the identified features, however with regard to their area, a decrease of 21.7% was observed

Monitoramento da Qualidade do leite: Procedimentos Diagnósticos

Means for milk, not otherwise specified, the product from complete and uninterrupted milking , in a hygienic, healthy cows, well fed and rested. The milk of other animals must be called according to origin of species. One of the main characteristics that defined the milk is the set of their sensory characteristics, and the main flavor. The control of milk quality in Brazil has been an important factor for the consolidation of the entire production chain, passing necessarily by the dairy industry. The production of milk with good quality guarantees, of course, food safety for consumers. The measures to obtain milk begin on the property, in carrying out correct procedures for milking, storage and transportation of the product also in the dairy. Later, in the laboratory evaluation of physicochemical properties, research fraud, and microbiological examinations. Finally, measures of health education are need for producers to become aware of the economic benefits by obtaining a better quality milk. The objective of this review is to emphasize the importance of using diagnostic procedures methods for the control of mastitis and consequently obtain better Milk quality

Avaliação do método de classificação baseada no objeto em imagens de alta resolução espacial aplicado para o monitoramento de faixa de dutos: estudo de caso no entorno da refinaria de Capuava em Mauá - SP

The metropolitan region of São Paulo is the most populous of the country, this happens because of its great importance in the national economy and the job opportunities that are offered to the population. These factors result in intense population growth and urban expansion, reaching some non-habitable places of the metropolis, as areas of pipelines, which are very important for the transportation of natural gas, oil and its derivatives. Before the population growth of the region, these sites were unoccupied, do not presenting problems for the population. However, with the disorderly occupation is generated great anthropogenic pressure on the pipeline stitches, causing risks to people who are around them. Therefore it is extremely important to monitor the strip of pipelines through products and techniques of remote sensing and geoprocessing, enabling, through high spatial resolution images, identification of objects or phenomena that occur on Earth's surface that can alter the functioning and safety of pipelines. Therefore, this study aims to monitor a stretch of the area of the pipeline mesh GASPAL/OSVAT and Capuava Refinery (RECAP), located on the outskirts of the metropolitan area of São Paulo in the city of Mauá, who suffer great human pressure, proving thus the techniques of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) as effective tools for monitoring phenomena occurred in urban areas of great complexity. The monitoring was done by object-based classification applied in orbital images Ikonos II and RapidEye, of high spatial resolution and, image processing, detection of objects, segmentation, classification and editing were developed through the eCognition and ArcGis softwares. To determine the statistical accuracy of the mapping of the land cover of the stretch of pipeline in Maua, the results were analyzed by error matrix... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Utilização de técnicas de geoprocessamento para monitoramento de atividades de mineração ao longo de dutos: poliduto Rio de Janeiro/Minas Gerais

The transportation of oil through polyducts implies a concern related to safety and environmental impacts they may cause, especially when exposed to risks that affect their integrity. Among the various anthropogenic activities included in this scenario, mining can aggravate, increase the risks and degrade the environment. Since these polyducts go through significant extensions, remote sensing has great applicability as a tool for data acquisition. For this, change detection techniques were used to monitor mining activities in a defined study area in the state of Rio de Janeiro, along the duct ORBEL. The characterization of the study area and the mining activities were developed through bibliographical data. The satellite images processing and the application of change detection technique were performed in two scenes for the years 2002 and 2010. The growth in the mining area was about 6.67 times and it was possible to identify types of extraction involved which can represent direct risks to the pipeline

Recuperação da palha da cana-de-açúcar para a produção de energia elétrica e etanol celulósico

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS

Transporte público metropolitano nas regiões metropolitanas de Londrina e Maringá sob a ótica da mobilidade espacial

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Otimização do meio de transporte de oócitos bovinos destinados à produção in vitro de embriões

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV