999 resultados para Poesia brasileira - Sec. XX- Séc. XX


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Este trabalho tem como objetivo a análise de um conjunto de obras de filiação modernista brasileira, que têm como elemento comum a estrutura exposta. O período delimitado inicia em 1941 e termina em 1957, antes de Brasília, sempre considerando as datas dos projetos. Este é um período de afirmação da arquitetura brasileira. Situando os exemplares neste contexto, foram formuladas as hipóteses de vínculos conceituais com os movimentos artísticos e vertentes arquitetônicas da época no panorama internacional, da mesma forma que foram investigadas, internamente, no país, como se articularam as novas idéias. Num quadro amplo, a valorizada produção arquitetônica nacional destas décadas, repercutiu em todo o mundo. Fartamente publicada por revistas estrangeiras, no início dos anos 50, a arquitetura brasileira passa a gerar influência nos rumos do modernismo internacional. Afirmando-se através de uma linha tectônica do modernismo, com origem no racionalismo estrutural e eminentemente corbusiana, toma seu próprio caminho com base na cultura e possibilidades tecnológicas locais. Os edifícios com estruturas externas, como um exoesqueleto, contribuem para a consolidação da identidade arquitetônica brasileira. Nos exemplos aqui apresentados, de autoria de Oscar Niemeyer, Affonso Eduardo Reidy e Lina Bo Bardi, de temas diversos, foram investigados os débitos e contribuições de cada projeto aos seus referenciais e à produção subseqüente. O texto escrito está acompanhado de muitas ilustrações, que são parte importante do trabalho, integram o todo e é material fundamental para o entendimento e conclusões do leitor.

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The thesis explores how the public management influenced the competitivity in the countries of Latin America along the XXth century. A historical review of the development in the modern period leads to a model involving six main variables: public management, innovation, transaction costs, military efficiency, productivity and competitivity. A historical and geographical analysis of the Latin America is used as basis to understand how the development unfolded in the region in light of the model. Several analyses, both quantitative and qualitative, are made involving the variables. It¿s concluded that the influence of public management in the region can be explained through the model, and it was done in two great movements, one in the 1930¿s decade and another one in the 1990¿s decade. The analysis reveals that the action of public management was a reaction to external events and it was done in an adaptive manner. It is also concluded that these actions make sense when seen in light of the Game theory, and that public management always tried to stimulate regional development through coopetition.

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A divulgação dos primeiros blocos de resultados do Censo Demográfico de 2000 traz importantes oportunidades de constatação sobre os padrões de evolução e distribuição demográfica brasileira nos anos 90. Nesse sentido, ao tratar do comportamento reprodutivo, destaca a continuidade do declínio dos níveis de fecundidade, associando-o a mudanças na organização econômica e espacial. Quanto á mortalidade, ressalta-se sua queda sistemática nas últimas décadas. Por último, em relação ás migrações e redistribuição espacial da população, enfatizam -se as alterações nos fluxos migratórios recentes, a desaceleração do crescimento de algumas regiões metropolitanas e áreas do Sudeste , enquanto aumentam relativamente a retenção populacional no Nordeste e o deslocamento para o Norte e para o Centro-Oeste.

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Este trabalho trata das dificuldades de formação do campo artístico no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, desde o final do século XIX até meados do século XX, articulando perspectivas econômicas e sociais com ações pontuais de indivíduos e de grupos que tiveram participação na construção de uma história regional, segmentada e descontínua, que ainda não foi incorporada a uma narrativa geral da arte brasileira. A pesquisa, que, além de envolver levantamento empírico e historiográfico, também inclui análise formal de obras produzidas em diferentes períodos, procurou estabelecer nexos entre fenômenos que, até o presente momento, tinham sido tratados de maneira isolada. Independentemente do potencial artístico, da capacidade intelectual, ou da disposição para trabalhar em prol da coletividade, todos os indivíduos estudados se defrontaram com resistências e desafios, que variaram em grau e intensidade, por parte do conjunto da sociedade gaúcha, e o reconhecimento social só aconteceu depois de encontrarem aceitação em centros artísticos mais tradicionais. Assim, a despeito da existência de artistas e de agentes culturais bastante ativos, o campo artístico, propriamente dito, não encontrou formas concretas de existência no Rio Grande do Sul, pelo menos até o final dos anos de 1950, pela ausência de outros elementos necessários para sua estruturação.

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A videoaula aborda a educação no século XX, apontando os ideias e desafios deste século.

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The career of civil engineer Henrique de Novaes, a remarkable figure in the academic, technical and political fields, demonstrates its extensive and relevant work across Brazil in the first half of the twentieth century. It covered from the design of water supply and sewage works, road and rail transport networks, works against drought in the Northeast, hydroelectric and harbor facilities to the urbanization planning and architectural projects, which displays a systematic and multiple production. City and territory conformed to his fields of verification, practical and above all, transformation. The search for understanding of the inclusion of a social actor in this process thus contributes to the specific analysis of the doings of Henrique de Novaes, who graduated at Polytechnic School of Rio de Janeiro in 1906. From a polymorphic activity in different scales, one tries to figure how, through academic education or professional practice, urban history in Brazil can be told or built. The introduction of technological innovations matched the purposes of planning and urban sprawl, as well as met the specifications of regulation and institutionalization of public infrastructure services at the time. The overall plans proposed by the engineer thought of the city as a whole, interconnected to the structural networks. At the same time, the knowledge of a larger physical scale the territory bounces back in the urban in a relationship of reciprocity and completeness. The objective research, therefore, tries to understand the roles played by Henrique de Novaes s works and academic education in the accomplishment of systematic modernization of Brazilian urban space and territory, recovering a little known historical figure by current historiography. It is proposed, as methodological axis, that the study of this professional career configures itself as an essential element for understanding the idea of progress embodied in the technical studies and proposals for improvements and sanitation nationwide in the first half of the twentieth century . The primary sources for the construction of this analysis were technical articles in journals of the period ( Clube de Engenharia , Viação e Revista Brasileira de Engenharia ), and technical reports, government messages, newspaper articles published at the time, autobiographical reports and the engineer s verbal communications with relatives. The work is structured in three chapters: "Biographical traces, academic education and 'technical and political' activities" illustrates the initiation into the technical, public and political environment; Chapter 2, "Technique and territory" outlines his network understanding through sanitation and transport services; Chapter 3 "Technique and City" describes the influence of polytechnics knowledge on the propositions of modernization of cities; Finally, "Final Thoughts: An Evaluation," presents an overview of the affiliations and practice of an engineer in the different scales, and its contribution to the modernization of Brazilian urban and territorial space

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Caractérisation du "Poema-Processo" au long de sa trajectoire entre les années 1967 et 1972, au regard d´une lecture visant son insertion dans le mouvement d´avant-guarde de la deuxième moitié du XX° siècle, au Brésil. On vérifie la façon dont le mouvement du "Poema-Processo" s´est formé, comme dédoublement de l´art concret, ainsi comme ses adéquations à la conjoncture de son apparition au Brésil, s´établissant une comparaison entre la pratique du poème et les propositions des manifestes lancés. L´analyse des poèmes sélectionnés démontre leur co-relation avec les travaux visuels initiés par les avant-guardes historiques, ainsi comme les réponses de la pratique poétique à la théorie developpée par les principaux représentants, Wlademir Dias-Pinto, Álvaro de Sá et Moacy Cirne. La production poétique et culturelle de Moacy Cirne est abordée en observant sa pratique sur trois points fondamentaux: la production poétique, la critique littéraire donnant de l´emphase à la culture locale et au texte du "Poema-Processo", et la recherche du language des bandes dessinées.

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The diachronic studies marked the first decades of the 20th century in Brazilian linguistics, passing by an ostracism period after the 50s. Mainly from the 90s especially with the project, created in 1997, Para a história do português brasileiro (PHPB), which has systemized, in national ambit, the programme related to the area of diachrony the historical studies retake forces and have gradually increased since then. Our work is set in the new scene of Brazilian historical linguistics and it is associated to two research programmes: i) the constitution of a diachronic corpus; ii) the diachrony of text and discourse. As regards the first programme, we made effort to constitute a diachronic corpus of official letters about Rio Grande do Norte, we called cartas oficiais norte-rio-grandenses, written in 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. The chosen for bureaucrat letters occurred for they represent a textual category very productive in historical contexts, mostly 18th and 19th centuries, in which the command of writing was the least and also because they bring, almost always explicitly, the information of where, when, for whom and from whom, as remembers Fonseca (2003). The rules for constituting the corpus were based, although not strictly, on the orientation from PHPB. In respect to the second programme, we set up on the ideas of coserian base came from the studies on discourse traditions (TD) (Koch, 1997; Kabatek, 2006) amongst which that the texts are shaped so as to follow their own tradition (Coseriu, 2007), and we turned to Diplomatics (Belloto, 2002) in order to do the characterization of this corpus by the application of concepts from Diplomatics and TD as well as by the presentation of the structures that form those official letters: their textual genres, a kind of TD, with their macrostructures; and some of their formulaic expressions (microstructures), another sort of TD. This stage of characterizing will pay attention, as far as possible, to the dynamic between tradition and innovation that happen in the actualization of those textual structures along the centuries. This work intends to contribute with the researches connected to Historical Linguistics in Rio Grande do Norte, more specifically the ones related to the constitution of diachronic corpora and to TD; and with the study of official documents, textual category about which there are almost no studies (cf. Silveira, 2007)

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This treatise analyzes the identitary setting called Veneza Brasileira (Brazilian Venice) which is subscribed to the discoursive materialization related to the imagetic setting (literary and mediatic) produced about the city of Recife. The main investigation of this research is to examine the way how the identitary setting called Veneza Brasileira has been constructed in the imagetic setting practices about the city of Recife in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This study is subscribed to the Applied Linguistics and considers the theoretical perspectives that come from the Cultural Studies which investigation basis is focused on authors such as: Hall (2006); Bauman (1999; 2001;2005); Silva (2000); and Castells (2000) related to the discussion over identity, as well as the discussion over Urban Studies presented in Santos (1997; 1999); Ferrara (1998); and Pesavento (2001). Moreover it is also based on the theoretical basis found in Foucault (2004; 2006; 2007). Furthermore theoretical-methodological approaches rely on the French Discourse Analysis (DA) found in Orlandi (2001); Gregolin (2007); and Courtine (2006). On being so, this treatise aims to: analyze the meaning effects over the production of the identitary setting, especially the so-called Veneza Brasileira, in the imagetic setting discoursive practices (Poems, Post Cards and Touristic Guides) which are produced over the urban setting of the city of Recife. This research is characterized by being qualitative and interpretative and the theoretical analytical approaches contributed to the reading of both poetic and iconic images presented in the excerpts of poems from the nineteenth century and early twentieth century in: Manuel Bandeira s poems, Carlos Pena Filho s poems, and João Cabral de Melo Neto s poems which were produced in the early and late twentieth century. Moreover, this study observed some photographic images in Post Cards and Touristic Guides related to the visiting of historical sites in Recife. One could conclude that the imagetic setting discourse about Recife produced different identitary effects over the so-called Veneza Brasileira along these three centuries: in the nineteenth century, the poetry constructed the utopia city along with the meaning effect of identitary unit; as for the twentieth century, one observed an oscillation between a utopia/heteroutopia city meaning effect of both united and fragmented identity, the latter one is prevalent. As for the twenty-first century, the media reconstructed over again the utopia city, and consequently, produced meaning effect of identitary unit. These same meaning effects of identity either corroborate or contradict to/with the concepts of the postmodernism over identity along these three centuries. In other words, considering the imagetic setting, this oscillation occurs in the proportion of one finds an (ex) inclusion of social agents that construct these same identities.

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A pesquisa recupera as imagens fotográficas publicadas nas edições diárias do jornal O Estado de S. Paulo, de 1910 a 1929, identificando os temas mais recorrentes publicados pelo periódico. Com metodologia histórica, documental e de estudos de comunicação procedeu-se à organização e análise das imagens. Através da catalogação e ordenação das fotografias por datas de publicação, editorias em que foram publicadas e temas fotográficos mais recorrentes, presentes nos registros impressos, estruturou-se um banco de dados que permitiu a quantificação e o cruzamento dos registros e informações referentes a essa documentação. A análise de dados permitiu identificar elementos da formação da visualidade jornalística no país e traz subsídios para os estudos da história visual da imprensa brasileira.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em História - FCHS