Uso do metformin em mulheres obesas com a s��ndrome dos ov��rios polic��sticos

Resumo n��o dispon��vel.

Extrativismo em ��rea de reserva da biosfera da Mata Atl��ntica no Rio Grande do Sul : um estudo etnobiol��gico em Maquin��

As frondes de Rumohra adiantiformis (G.Forest.) Ching, conhecida como ���leatherleaf���, ���seven-weeks-fern��� ou samambaia-preta, s��o usadas mundialmente em arranjos florais. Na ��frica do Sul e Brasil o com��rcio da esp��cie �� baseado no extrativismo. No Brasil a coleta �� realizada em ��reas de Mata Atl��ntica, sendo que 50% da produ����o prov��m das ��reas de capoeira das encostas da Serra Geral no Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Atualmente, cerca de 2.000 fam��lias de agricultores familiares vivem nestas ��reas, tendo no extrativismo sua principal fonte de renda. No entanto no RS a coleta, o com��rcio e o transporte de plantas ornamentais nativas s��o proibidos, j�� que nesta zona de transi����o da Reserva da Biosfera da Mata Atl��ntica (Maquin��, RS) h�� grandes restri����es quanto �� explora����o dos recursos naturais. O ��xodo rural e o pr��prio extrativismo estabelecido a partir da d��cada de 70, permitiram a regenera����o da Floresta Ombr��fila Densa. Como a esp��cie �� caracter��stica de est��gios sucessionais iniciais, a regenera����o florestal est�� levando �� diminui����o dos estoques naturais. Este trabalho se prop��s a identificar alternativas econ��micas para diversifica����o da economia de fam��lias de extrativistas, no intuito de minimizar a tens��o associada �� diminui����o dos estoques naturais de samambaia-preta, ��s dificuldades no manejo da terra e �� legisla����o ambiental. Junto �� comunidade extrativista do distrito de Solid��o (Maquin��) foram coletados dados etnobiol��gicos sobre plantas medicinais e plantas relacionadas ao artesanato. As principais esp��cies identificadas foram: Bambusa tuldoides (taquareira, colmo), Clytostoma sciuripabulum (cip��-branco, caule), Cyperus prolixus (tiririca, partes a��reas), Musa acuminata (bananeira, palha), Scirpus californicus (junco, partes a��reas), Typha dominguensis (taboa, partes a��reas), sendo que Macfadyena dentata (cip��-unha-de-gato, caule), Roupala brasiliensis (carvalho-brasileiro, folhas) e Tillandsia usneoides (barbade- pau, planta inteira) s��o as esp��cies priorit��rias para a avalia����o da sustentabilidade do extrativismo. Os dados etnobiol��gicos e ecol��gicos mostram que �� poss��vel estabelecer o manejo sustent��vel da R. adiantiformis. Os maiores entraves para o estabelecimento do manejo sustentado para as esp��cies identificadas incluem: a) estabelecer as bases de manejo sustent��vel destas esp��cies; b) compatibilizar esta atividade extrativista com o atual C��digo Florestal Estadual. Plantas medicinais n��o parecem ser uma alternativa vi��vel a curto prazo, enquanto o artesanato requer a adequa����o da atividade artesanal no meio rural com os direitos �� aposentadoria rural.

Produ����o de mudas e rendimento de biomassa de melissa (Melissa officinalis L.) sob diferentes espa��amentos de plantas e coberturas de solo

Os objetivos gerais do presente trabalho foram: fomentar o cultivo de melissa como uma op����o para os agricultores familiares, atrav��s da produ����o de mat��ria-prima de alta qualidade; oportunizar a produ����o de fitoter��picos; reduzir a importa����o de mat��ria-prima; e levantar subs��dios que possam fortalecer a cadeia produtiva de plantas medicinais, com ��nfase na Melissa officinalis L.

Avalia����o das atividades anti-toxopl��smica, antioxidante e antiinflamat��ria dos monoterpenos timol (lippia sidoides) e estragol (croton zenhtneri)

Toxoplasmosis, a benign disease in normal healthy individuals, can have serious effects in pregnant women and immunocompromised patients. It is a parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii (Tg), an obligatory intracellular protozoan. The prophylactic and therapeutic arsenal against this parasite is very restricted. Thus, there is an ongoing search for novel drugs and therapeutic strategies. A promising alternative is a rational approach using medicinal plants. This study aimed to standardize methodologies for assessing the toxicological, antiproliferative, antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anti-Toxoplasma effects of Estragole and Thymol compounds isolated from species of plants (Lippia sidoides and Croton zenhtneri) commonly used in the Cariri region of Ceara State, Brazil. First we evaluated in vivo toxicity and conducted a pathological analysis of mice livers. In vivo antiinflammatory activity was assessed using air pouch and paw edema methods. Cytotoxicity assays were performed and antiproliferative, antioxidant and nitric oxide production analyzed. Anti-Toxoplasma activity was evaluated in a congenital experimental model with varying stages of maternal infection using the ME-49 strain and a non- congenital model by using ME-49 and RH strains. The results suggest low to moderate toxicity for both compounds. Thymol was more toxic in vivo and in vitro, having greater pathological repercussion than Estragole. The compounds were inactive for antiproliferative activity. Thymol showed better antioxidant activity, while Estragole stimulated nitric oxide production in macrophages. Both showed significant antiinflammatory activity. In non-congenital Tg infection, both compounds were active only against the ME49 strain. In congenital infection, Estragole (oral route) improved the newborn weight of infected mothers compared with untreated controls. Subcutaneous administration of the two compounds increased the weight of offspring born to infected mothers compared with untreated controls. We concluded that Estragole and Thymol exhibit important biological and anti-Toxoplasma activities. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of action of these compounds and other possible activities not investigated in the present study

Efeitos de um extrato aquoso de buzhong yi qi wan (f��rmula magistral chinesa) na marca����o de constituintes sangu��neos com tecn��cio-99m, na morfologia e na fragilidade osm��tica de hem��cias de ratos Wistar

Technetium-99m (99mTc) has been used to obtain several radiobiocomplexes utilized to aid in the diagnosis of diseases. Blood constituents, as red blood cells (RBC) and plasma proteins, have been labeled with 99mTc. Natural and synthetic drugs can alter the labeling of these constituents. The aim of this work was to investigate the possibility of a Buzhong YiQi Wan extract to alter (i) the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc, (ii) the RBC morphology, and (iii) osmotic fragility of RBC withdrawn from Wistar rats. The data showed that the BYQW extract (i) could affect labeling of blood constituintes with 99mTc, (ii) could affect the membrane integrity decreasing the osmotic resistance and (iii) could not alter the shape of RBC. Probably, these findings would be associated with properties of the substances present in the aqueous extract of BYQW. This study has multiple disciplinary aspects in knowledge areas: Radiobiology, Botanic, Phytotherapy and Haematology

Efeitos de um extrato aquoso de lantana camara (Cambar�� de espinho) na marca����o de constituintes sangu��neos com t��cnecio-99m e na morfologia de hem��cias de ratos-wistar

Medicinal plants have been studied and used in the world. Lantana camara has medicinal properties and it has been used in folk medicine. The aim was to verify the effect of a lantana extract on the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc, and to evaluate the effect of an aqueous extract of Lantana camara on the morphology of RBC withdrawn from Wistar rats. The results showed that lantana extract has decreased the fixation of radioactivity on the IF-P. This effect was not observed in the BC compartment and in IF-BC. The BC-%ATI was decreased in all concentrations tested when the BC was washed. The osmotic fragility assay and morphological analysis were carried out. In presence of the extract, the data obtained indicated that (i) an increase of the hemolysis and (ii) modifications on the morphology of RBC. These effects of the Lantana camara could be associated with some pharmacological properties of the chemical compounds of this studied extract

Efeitos de um extrato aquoso de porangaba (Cordia salicifolia) na marca����o de constituintes sangu��neos com tecn��cio-99m e na morfologia de hem��cias

Effects of a Cordia salicifolia (porangaba) extract on the labeling of blood cells (BCs) with technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) and on the morphology of red BCs were evaluated. Labeling of cellular and molecular structures with (99m)Tc depends on a reducing agent. Some physical characteristics, as visible absorbance spectrum, electric conductivity, and refractive index of this porangaba extract, were also determined. Blood samples from Wistar rats were incubated with porangaba extract or with 0.9% NaCl (control). Labeling of blood constituents with (99m)Tc was performed. Plasma (P) and BCs, both soluble (SF-P and SF-BC) and insoluble (IF-P and IF-BC) fractions, were separated. The radioactivity in each fraction was counted, and the percentage of radioactivity incorporated (%ATI) was calculated. Blood smears were prepared, fixed, and stained, and the morphology of the red BCs was evaluated. Data showed an absorbance peak at 480 nm and electric conductibility and refractive index concentration-dependent. Porangaba extract decreased significantly (P < .05) the BC, IF-P, and IF-BC %ATI, and no modifications were verified on the shape of red BCs. Analysis of the results reveals that some physical parameters could be useful to aid in characterizing the extract studied. Moreover, it is possible that chemical compounds of this extract could have chelating/redox actions or be capable of binding to plasma and/or cellular proteins

Obten����o de insumo farmac��utico a partir das folhas de Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl e seu efeito sobre mediadores inflamat��rios relevantes para a asma

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior

Pr��ticas populares de cuidado �� crian��a: o saber/fazer de cuidadoras

Popular practices correspond to the resources used by households, lay people and popular therapists, whose perception of knowledge is constructed in the everyday. In this context, the sick child can become vulnerable to be dependent on a family caregiver, who often decide to employ popular practices. Thus, the child care should be shared between carer and health professional. However, they know little about the resources that the family uses to detect a grievance in infant. Therefore, the present research aimed to analyse the use of popular practices by caregivers of children with zero to five years old. We conducted an exploratory and descriptive study with a qualitative approach, together with 15 caregivers of children who were treated at the Joint Unit Felipe Shrimp, located in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. To select the participants, they should be age and above 18 years; be caregivers of children up to five years of age; and reside in the area ascribed the Joint Unit Felipe Shrimp. The data collection took place between September and October 2013, through in depth interview. This step was preceded by the approval of the Health Department of the city of Natal; the direction of the Joint Unit Felipe Shrimp; as well as, the Committee on Ethics in Research from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte with Certificate of Presentation and Consideration Ethics, No 15467013.8.0000.5537. Furthermore, the interviewees formally authorized their participation in the research by signing the consent form. The data were treated according to the technique of content analysis in the form of thematic analysis according to Bardin. This process, four categories emerged: "Types of popular practices used in the care of the child"; "Source of information of popular practices"; "Results obtained with popular practices"; "Factors that hinder the adoption of common practices." The results showed the use of popular practices by caregivers in the case of illness to children such as the homemade preparations with medicinal plants and folk healers. The family environment was referenced as the main learning space and spread of popular practices, which are influenced by cultural relations present in this context. As to the results obtained with popular features, the caregivers said to be satisfactory, and this triggers a feeling of confidence and acceptability of such measures. It is concluded that the use of popular practices in child care persists in everyday most of the participants, despite the hegemony of allopathic therapy. The caregivers stated that such practices are effective and easy to obtain, being secured in context by popular culture. In addition, health professionals, especially nurses, were seldom mentioned by the caregivers as to the information concerning popular resources used by them, which suggests the weakness in dialogic process of negotiating practices between both of them

Propaga����o vegetativa de plantas de pariparoba [Pothomorphe umbellata (L.) Miq.] em diferentes substratos e n��mero de n��s das estacas

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Resposta da alface �� aduba����o nitrogenada com diferentes compostos org��nicos em dois ciclos sucessivos

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a produ����o de alface em ambiente protegido, utilizando diferentes compostos org��nicos como fonte de nitrog��nio, e seu efeito residual em dois ciclos sucessivos. O experimento foi conduzido entre os meses de fevereiro e maio de 2005, em casa-de-vegeta����o com ventila����o e temperatura controlados, utilizando vasos de 3,5 L e solo classificado como Latossolo Vermelho Escuro. Foram utilizados compostos org��nicos produzidos a partir da mistura de res��duos do processamento de quatro plantas medicinais e esterco bovino. Os compostos C1, C2, C3 e C4 nas doses 30, 60, 90 e 120 t ha-1 constitu��ram os tratamentos dispostos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repeti����es e uma testemunha (adicional). Foram determinados: mat��ria fresca da parte a��rea (MFPA); massa de mat��ria seca da parte a��rea (MSPA). Os compostos aplicados supriram satisfatoriamente as necessidades de nitrog��nio da cultura, no primeiro ciclo, dispensando o uso de fertilizante mineral. A composi����o dos materiais aplicados influenciou significativamente a produ����o de alface no primeiro ciclo, promovendo efeito residual no segundo ciclo, por��m em menores propor����es.

Atividade antif��ngica de extratos de Momordica charantia L. sobre Colletotrichum musae

Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram avaliar os efeitos de extratos de Momordica charantia sobre o crescimento micelial e a germina����o de con��dios de Colletotrichum musae, e a efici��ncia destes extratos no controle da antracnose, causada por C. musae, em bananas. Extratos aquoso e hidroetan��lico, obtidos de folhas e ramos, na concentra����o de 50% em rela����o ao volume adicionado, em meio s��lido, proporcionaram 71 e 65% de inibi����o do crescimento micelial, respectivamente, enquanto que em meio l��quido, a inibi����o do crescimento micelial foi de 86 e 81%, respectivamente. Somente o extrato aquoso e o tiofanato met��lico, nas concentra����es de 50% e 1000 ��g mL-1 respectivamente, proporcionaram 100% de inibi����o da germina����o de esporos de C. musae. Os extratos metan��lico e aquoso inibiram em 80 e 70%, respectivamente, o desenvolvimento das les��es em bananas, quando aplicados at�� dois dias antes da inocula����o do fungo. Estes resultados foram semelhantes ao tratamento com tiofanato met��lico, que inibiu 80% do desenvolvimento das les��es. Confirma-se a presen��a de subst��ncia antif��ngica nos extratos de M. charantia e outros estudos devem ser realizados para viabilizar seu uso no controle da antracnose da banana.

Perspectivados cirurgi��es-dentistas sobre a inser����o da fisioterapia na aten����o b��sica de sa��de

This work aims at investigating the surgeons-dentists acceptability in the field of public health in the city of Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte, about the possibility of medicinal plants insertion in basic attencion of health. Moreover, it searchs to know if during their professinal formation it had some theoretician-pratical basement on this subject, as well as investigating their confidence on the medicinal plants. The basic motivation for developing this study is the possibility of contributing to the insertion of a tradicional health pratical at public assistance scope, endorsed by popular use, but now scientifically proven. For in a such way, the medicinal plants use is emphasized as a way to be followed to increase basic pharmaceutical assistance, improving the acess to the medicine and diminish expenses. Following this logic, family health program constitutes the way through which this pratical will be available to the users of health services. The research was done over thirty surgeonsdentists, all ofthem pertaining to public service ofNatal, state ofRio Grande do Norte. It was used, as research instrument, semi-estructured interview associated with methodological analysis user s speeches. On this form, this work is inserted in a trend observed nowadays not only in Brazil, where the use of the medicinal plants has been stimulated and defended to be inserted at programs ofprimary attenction of health

Biologia reprodutiva de popula����es de Ocimum selloi Benth

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Atividade antibacteriana de ��leos essenciais de plantas frente a linhagens de Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli isoladas de casos cl��nicos humanos

A a����o antibacteriana in vitro de ��leos essenciais de seis plantas foi verificada por meio da Concentra����o Inibit��ria M��nima (CIM=%v/v) pela dilui����o dos ��leos em meio de cultura Mueller Hinton Agar, frente a linhagens de Staphylococcus aureus (n=16) e Escherichia coli (n=16) isoladas de casos cl��nicos humanos, al��m de 1 amostra padr��o ATCC para cada esp��cie (Sa ATCC 25923 e Ec ATCC 25922), e determina����o de curvas de sobreviv��ncia em concentra����es equivalentes a CIM90% dos respectivos ��leos. O ��leo essencial de canela foi o mais eficiente, com valores de CIM90% de 0,047 e 0,09 para S. aureus e E. coli respectivamente, enquanto gengibre (0,09), cravo da ��ndia (0,095) e capim cidreira (0,1) apresentaram efici��ncias semelhantes para S. aureus. Frente a E. coli, os ��leos de gengibre (0,52) e capim cidreira (0,55) foram equivalentes quanto �� efici��ncia. de acordo com as curvas de sobreviv��ncia, foi poss��vel verificar tamb��m que os valores de CIM90% obtidos podem ser tanto bactericidas ou bacteriost��ticas de acordo com a bact��ria testada. em conclus��o, verificou-se que os ��leos essenciais testados foram efetivos no controle do desenvolvimento bacteriano, sendo o potencial antimicrobiano diferente em fun����o da esp��cie bacteriana testada, sendo que a bact��ria Gram positiva (S. aureus) mostrou-se mais suscept��vel aos ��leos testados que a Gram negativa (E. coli).