Distribution of endogenous type B and type D sheep retrovirus sequences in ungulates and other mammals.

The jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV), which appears to be a type B/D retrovirus chimera, has been incriminated as the cause of ovine pulmonary carcinoma. Recent studies suggest that the sequences related to this virus are found in the genomes of normal sheep and goats. To learn whether there are breeds of sheep that lack the endogenous viral sequences and to study their distribution among other groups of mammals, we surveyed several domestic sheep and goat breeds, other ungulates, and various mammal groups for sequences related to JSRV. Probes prepared from the envelope (SU) region of JSRV and the capsid (CA) region of a Peruvian type D virus related to JSRV were used in Southern blot hybridization with genomic DNA followed by low- and high-stringency washes. Fifteen to 20 CA and SU bands were found in all members of the 13 breeds of domestic sheep and 6 breeds of goats tested. There were similar findings in 6 wild Ovis and Capra genera. Within 22 other genera of Bovidae including domestic cattle, and 7 other families of Artiodactyla including Cervidae, there were usually a few CA or SU bands at low stringency and rare bands at high stringency. Among 16 phylogenetically distant genera, there were generally fewer bands hybridizing with either probe. These results reveal wide-spread phylogenetic distribution of endogenous type B and type D retroviral sequences related to JSRV among mammals and argue for further investigation of their potential role in disease.

Modelización y simulación de la configuración de un campo solar para centrales termosolares de torre: influencia de la óptica del concentrador sobre la generación de energía

Las energías renovables como alternativa a las plantas de producción eléctrica tradicionales que utilizan combustibles fósiles, suponen hoy en día una solución a los problemas de dependencia energética, y emisiones de CO2 no deseadas a la atmósfera, habiéndose producido un fuerte desarrollo en la tecnología especialmente eólica y solar en la última década. Empresas como Abengoa, Acciona, Aries, ACWA, Sener, Brightsource entre otras, están apostando fuerte por la energía solar, y es concretamente dentro de la compañía Abengoa, dónde surge la propuesta de esta tesis doctoral. El estudio aquí realizado surge como resultado del trabajo desempeñado dentro del Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo de Abengoa Solar New Technologies, y posteriormente dentro de Abengoa Research, empresa creada para concentrar el I+D de toda la compañía. El objetivo final consiste en optimizar las plantas solares termoeléctricas de torre, centrándonos en el campo de heliostatos (espejos) que lo componen y en su influencia sobre la producción eléctrica de la planta pudiendo así facilitar unas pautas de optimización del campo según el tipo de heliostato utilizado, y plantear una alternativa a la configuración de campos de heliostatos ya existente. Para ello, se estudian dos posibles escenarios, en el que se contemplan dos tipos de facetas diferentes, siendo las facetas las diferentes unidades o espejos por los que está constituido el heliostato. Un primer escenario que consiste en un campo de heliostatos con facetas esféricas, y un segundo escenario que consiste en heliostatos con facetas planas, estando dichas facetas en ambos casos canteadas esféricamente, es decir, orientadas su normales adecuadamente para que conformen una superficie “imaginaria”, lo más cercana posible a la esférica...

Local community perception towards bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in Caves in South central Mindanao, Philippines: Threats and Implication for conservation

In the tropics, bats are an essential component of many native ecosystems, through providing various ecological services including pollination and insect pest control, in addition to seed dispersal. Many Philippine bat species roost in caves and underground habitats. However, many caves are disturbed by people, to exploit resources for food, recreation, and mineral and guano extraction. The misunderstanding of the importance of bats to the ecosystem is also considered a threat to many cave roosting species. Understanding the conflicts between humans and ecosystems which provide essential services is important to maintain ecosystem service provision. A total of 100 local respondents from the village of Pisan, Kabacan North Cotabato in south central Mindanao were interviewed through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. Respondents were asked about their views, levels of knowledge, use, interaction, and awareness towards both the caves and bats in their locality. Our survey found that most of the respondents are aware of the presence of bats from the caves in their locality. Unfortunately, a large proportion of the respondents noted that bats are hunted in caves for bush meat and trade, and most people perceived bats as pest to fruit crops such as durian. These factors are among the main factors of the execution of many bat colonies in caves of south central Mindanao. In general, cave bats are under appreciated species in caves. The unregulated tourism, hunting for bush meat and trade, and guano extraction are among the alarming threats occurring for both caves and bats in the locality and possibly to other localities in the country. Furthermore, the establishment of strong and effective model conservation education programs and the strengthening the participation of local government, academic, and community are essential steps to preserve the current state of cave bats in the area.

The works of Thomas Middleton, now first collected,

Imperfect: frontpiece wanting. cf. v.1, p. 4211.

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