Avaliação ambiental em empresas do distrito industrial Antônio Crepaldi, Presidente Prudente/SP

The sustainable development is the center of many discussions about the environment, economy and society. Environmental issues bring out problems with the fauna and flora, water resources, land use, population growth, residues, basic sanitation, and others. In this sense, the aim of the present work was to develop an environmental diagnostics and propose measures to mitigate the most significant environmental impacts generated by four enterprises in Antonio Crepaldi Industrial District, located at the city of Presidente Prudente/SP. In the study, it was used the methodology proposed by Moreira (2006), and it was done the following activities: monitoring and analyses of the production process, identification of potential environmental aspects and impacts; assessment of the impacts according to its nature, relevance and significance; proposition of measures to mitigate the critical impacts. As a final result, it was obtained an environmental diagnosis about the situation of each of the four companies studied, and it was possible to know the level of criticality of the impacts in each one, and proposing mitigation measures to control or minimizing them, bringing many benefits to the organization

Impactos pluviais na cidade de Presidente Prudente-SP

Os eventos extremos pluviométricos quando ocorrem em cidades sem um prévio planejamento capaz de suportar tais episódios, trazem certo desconforto para a população e seu habitual modo de vida. Os impactos registrados nos ambientes urbanos estão associados, na maioria das vezes, à inadequação do uso e ocupação do solo urbano. Assim, através deste estudo buscou-se analisar os impactos deflagrados por eventos de precipitação na cidade de Presidente Prudente, baseando-se principalmente no referencial teórico-metodológico Sistema Clima Urbano, em especial, no Subsistema Hidrodinâmico, proposto por Monteiro (1976). Assim, procurou-se analisar os transtornos que ocorreram na dinâmica socioambiental da cidade durante os eventos de precipitação mais expressivos. Para isto foram analisados os dados quantitativos da Estação Meteorológica da FCT/UNESP de Presidente Prudente e também dados qualitativos por meio dos registros dos jornais da cidade. Para as análises quantitativas foram utilizados os dados da estação meteorológica do período de 1969 a 2009, e para as análises qualitativas foi considerado este mesmo período. Através desse estudo, foi possível conhecer e estudar a distribuição espacial dos problemas sociais e ambientais deflagrados pela precipitação no ambiente urbano de Presidente Prudente e também entender a dinâmica desses impactos. Portanto, com este estudo pretende-se contribuir com os órgãos públicos de gestão urbana para que eles possam tomar medidas preventivas para diminuir os impactos em época de chuvas intensas, visando assim, à melhoria da qualidade de vida

Proposta de recuperação e manejo de nascente em área rural do município de Álvares Machado – SP

The lack of proper planning in intervention works of runoff water on rural properties and rural public roads leads to economic damage and loss of environmental quality. The impact of the action without technical base is soil erosion, siltation of water sources, loss of the quality and availability of water, invalidating areas for cultivation and livestock. The conservation of headwaters requires beyond regeneration of the environmental characteristics the repair and management of the degraded watercourse in order to control erosion. This graduate work in Environmental Engineering from Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP Presidente Prudente proposes a headwater recuperation and management in rural area of Álvares Machado municipality, São Paulo State, through the method of deep drainage applied to the case of a rural road near the outcrop of water. This technique consists in the installation of draining structures in sub-areas of the road surface, or sub-gutter and/or in the platform border in order to conduct the underground flow of water and reduce the loss of sediment in water flow. Therefore, was performed a historic study of use and occupation of land in the municipality of Álvares Machado, portraying transformations of the landscape caused by human action. Geology, geomorphology, pedology and hydrogeology data were collected from the study area in order to establish the conditions that led into the current situation of degradation and formulate an effective intervention strategy for civil works

Avaliação da degradação da mata ciliar no entorno do rio Corumbataí causada pela expansão urbana de Rio Claro/SP

In most brazilian cities, urban growth has occurred without adequate planning. Consequently, portions of the city were being occupied, often areas unfit for use and occupation of land, causing risks to local residents and decline of urban environmental quality. One of the most frequent problems is the riverbank occupation, causing the deforestation of the riparian vegetation. Given the above, this paper aimed to map the urban sprawl of Rio Claro/SP, as well as riparian vegetation in the vicinity of Corumbataí in the area including the urban area. For this purpose, GIS techniques were used in order to prepare the thematic map of urban expansion, as well as a map of the riparian vegetation through interpretation of aerial photographs in the environment of ARCGIS. From the maps, an analysis of “Plano Diretor” was made in order to verify if the current occupation of urban land meets the stipulations of this legal instrument

Estrutura da paisagem e diversidade apícola em dois fragmentos de cerrado

O cerrado é o segundo bioma mais representativo do Brasil, correspondendo a 23% do território brasileiro. É considerado um hotspot de biodiversidade, apresentando-se bastante ameaçado. Sua devastação é devido, principalmente, ao avanço das culturas agroindustriais de grande mercado. Sabe-se da importância da polinização para a reprodução de inúmeras espécies vegetais. Neste contexto, as abelhas desempenham um papel fundamental devido à sua dependência e especialização na coleta de recursos florais. Mas, estas também requerem locais propícios à nidificação. Além da destruição do hábitat através da fragmentação, a composição da paisagem que permeia fragmentos de vegetação nativa pode influenciar a diversidade apícola e afetar de forma diferente as espécies de acordo com seu hábito de nidificação e alimentação. É fato que as espécies mais especializadas tornam-se mais vulneráveis às alterações ambientais por apresentarem exigências particulares e pouca plasticidade na obtenção de recursos. A fim de analisar a interação entre diversidade de abelhas e Ecologia da Paisagem, foram selecionados dois levantamentos de fauna apícola (Itirapina – SP e Pirassununga – SP). Para isso foram elaborados mapas de uso e ocupação do solo através do SPRING 5.1.7 e, posteriormente, gerados os índices de Ecologia de Paisagens selecionados para o estudo com o auxilio do aplicativo FRAGSTATS 2.0. As espécies coletadas em ambas as áreas foram separadas em guildas funcionais de forrageamento e nidificação. A área de estudo de Itirapina foi sub-dividida em 13 classes de uso e ocupação da paisagem e a área de estudo de Pirassununga foi sub-dividida em 7 classes, conforme as características presentes em cada área. Entretanto, foi dado destaque às três principais classes de estudo: remanescentes florestais, uso antrópico e água para Itirapina... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

A antropogeomorfologia na bacia do Córrego do Cavalheiro - Analândia/SP: uma avaliação da dinâmica do uso da terra e sua adequabilidade a legislação ambiental e a capacidade de uso

The assessment of land use dynamic can be an instrument for analysis in anthropogeomorphology, which would allow one to verify the human geomorphological actions and its various implications in changing the original morphology for the creation of a human morphology. This study aimed to consider the land use dynamics and its interference in the morphology of Cavalheiro Stream Basin. From this assessment, to understand the implications of land use in the creation of a human morphology, as well as to analyze if the current use is in accordance with the legal restrictions placed by ongoing environmental legislation and with the ability to land use. The chosen of this studied area was due to assumptions raised by Pinton (2007) for changes in the dynamic of rainwater erosion of this area caused by human actions, specially the cultivation of sugar cane in morphologies that are unfit for it. The search took as methodological support the principles that concern the General Systems Theory, trying to see the watershed as an open system. The geomorphological data, of land use and of legal restrictions to the use and occupation of land, were collected from different cartographic techniques. Besides, it was developed a sketch map of land use capacity by adapting the technique proposed by Lepsch (1983). This way, the data obtained in this survey are considered capable to provide subsidies for the identification of changes in original morphology of the Cavalheiro Stream Basin and the genesis of a human morphology, as well as conflicts and adjustments of current land use in environmental system and on the legal restrictions outlined in the ongoing environmental legislation, contributing to a proper environmental planning with the characteristics of the physical environmental system of this basin

O clima urbano em Alfredo Marcondes/SP: uma análise dos indicadores geoambientais

There are obvious changes that occur within the cities, experienced in synthesis for the degradation of the environment and especially the worsening quality of life. Even small cities, began to exhibit characteristics typical of an atmospheric climate. Thus, it becomes natural to analyze the characteristics of these spaces, unlike the medium and large cities, provide a detailed analysis of the peculiarities of intra-urban space in order to highlight what factors enhance or soften the formations of a typical urban climate distinct patterns of land use. The aim of this research from a geoenvironmental mapping of attributes (uses and land cover, vegetation and tree characteristics of buildings) while representing the dynamic City entertainment. Thus, we seek to inter-relate these indicators to analysis climate urban-rural and intra-urban applied to the city of Alfredo Marcondes / SP, a small town in order to identify a potential compromise climate conditions point to generate a specific climate. From this detailed analysis, we intend to give suggestions with the government to improve the comfort of that environment. For the data collection was organized a specific methodology for its collection, organization and representation and for the record of climatic data (temperature, wind speed and direction and cloud cover) were used mini-shelters weather with temperature sensors in fixed locations, and a temperature sensor attached on the side of a vehicle, 1.5 meters in height from the floor for 42 points perpassando selected in different intra-urban spaces... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Planejamento ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do córrego Embirí – UGRHI Pontal do Paranapanema – São Paulo: inventário e diagnóstico

This study aimed to contribute to the environmental planning of the watershed Embirí stream - UGRHI Pontal Paranapanema (belonging to the Paranapanema Management unit) in the cities of Presidente Prudente and Regente Feijó, São Paulo. This basin is located in the area of the Santo Anastácio river source, responsible for supplying water to about 30% of the population of Presidente Prudente. The methodological procedures based on Leal (1995) and Rodriguez et al. (2004), and the steps include inventory and diagnosis of the basin. We conducted extensive literature review, cartographic and documentary on the subject area of research, field work, preparation of thematic maps and summary chart of physical units and environmental use and land cover, participatory mapping of environmental risks, quality analysis of water. Most of the basin of the stream of twine had a high environmental fragility and the main problems found were lack of riparian vegetation, erosion, siltation of water bodies, irregular disposal of debris and the dumping of sewage. The results were summarized in the diagnosis and can identify the most important environmental impacts, environmental and spatial weaknesses of the legislation, and thus draw up proposals for action to the area that is substantially degraded

Auxílio do geoprocessamento para a geração do mapa de suscetibilidade à erosão: o caso do córrego Mandu, Rio Claro/SP

The mining of sand, currently, is essential for urban growth, by providing input for the building industry. The consequences of this mining activity to environmental triggers may be severe and irreversible. Among the major impacts caused by sand mining the riparian vegetation removal is detached. The riparian vegetation is essential for balance and maintaining the local ecosystem. For all that had been shown, is possible to verify the importance of environmental studies in areas wich there are mining. This study aimed specially to assess environmental impacts triggered by a mining, located near the headwaters of the stream Mandu, situated in Ajapi, District of Rio Claro-SP. For this purpose, we used remote sensing techniques and GIS to produce thematic maps of slope, pedology, geology, land use and occupation of the soil, and riparian vegetation, using the capabilities of GIS / ArcGIS. The slope map was based on data from the Cartographic IGC 1979, scale 1:10,000. For the production of pedological and geological maps were used Semi-Detailed soil survey of the state of São Paulo, 1981 (1:100,000) and the Geological Map of Zaine (1994), scale 1:50,000, respectively. Since the maps of Use and Land Occupation and Riparian Forest were obtained by visual interpretation of the image of CBERS 2010 following the merger between the HRC and CCD images. From these mappings, and through multi-criteria analysis, map of susceptibility to erosion was made, which supported the environmental assessment of the studied area, indicating susceptible and unsuitable areas for the deployment of economic activities and urban sprawl. This study serves as a model can be replicated in other watersheds, assisting in the proper use planning and land use, aiming at the rational use of natural resources

Planejamento ambiental da Bacia Hidrográfica do Córrego da Olga, UGRHI Pontal do Paranapanema – São Paulo: inventário e diagnóstico

This work, presented in order to obtain the environmental engeneer title, is to raise the current status of environmental conditions in the watershed of the stream of Olga and thus contribute to environmental planning for the recovery, conservation and preservation. To this end, we conducted literature surveys and survey of the characteristics of the watershed, analysis of water fron stream of Olga and making use of remote sensingand of the soil, environmental fragiityand spatialization of APPs in order to carry out further research on the environmental conditions of the basin, as well as inferences about possible causes of degradation of watershed.Most of the basin of the stream Olga had a high environmental fargility and the main problem was the lack of riparian vegetation is also considered the cause of environmental problems of the watershed.The results will be available to municipal governments in order to contribute to their planning and management of UGRHI the teh watershed pertence

Análise da dinâmica do uso da terra e sua interferência em enchentes na área urbana do município de Americana (SP)

Due to an intense process of population growth and urban density in Americana (SP), mainly due to the development of the local textile industry after 1970, there was, concomitant to the occupation of the margin of rivers and streams, soil sealing that increased the level of superficial runoff, triggering frequent floods. Based on the analysis of these processes we investigate the conditions of one densely urbanized area of the county, the Córrego do Parque, in three time series, 1977, 1996 and 2008. Taking as the starting the characterization and spatial distribution of landscape physiography, we prepared thematic letters and synthetic maps digital scale 1:10,000 from photointerpretation of aeroframes. The thematic maps were produced by scanning with subsequent edition using the software Auto-Cad Map. Checking the data and of geographic coordinates with GPS (Global Positioning System). Regarding land use classes, we used the description of the Soil Conservation Service (1975) which allowed us to get the Curve Number parameter, which will be used in hydrologic modeling for verification of flooding (Tucci, 1989). For the process of hydrologic modeling, we used models based on Methodology Object Oriented Modeling Applied to Water Resource Systems, Viegas Filho (1999), using the computer program called IPHS1, which uses models of the Soil Conservation Service (SCS , 2004), for conversion of rainfall-runoff and the spread of excessive rain. The results indicate that increased waterproofing generated by the change in use and occupation over the past decades promoted the increased surface runoff and drainage system overload, increasing the intensity of floods

Avaliação da estratégia de controle de enchentes através de reservatórios de detenção de águas pluviais na sub-bacia do Alto Tietê - São Paulo

A rápida expansão do espaço urbano no Brasil ocorreu e continua ocorrendo, geralmente, de forma desordenada e sem perspectivas imediatas de ordenação das práticas de uso e ocupação do solo. O planejamento da ocupação do espaço urbano, baseado na racionalidade capitalista, embora englobe fundamentos interdisciplinares, na prática tem sido realizado dentro de um âmbito mais restrito do conhecimento, desconsiderando aspectos fundamentais dessa dinâmica. Essa situação tem resultado em grandes transtorno e custos para a sociedade e para o meio ambiente, atingindo diretamente os sistemas de drenagens urbanos e resultando no crescimento dos eventos de cheia. Assim, o planejamento urbano vem buscando alternativas que possibilitem o alcance do desenvolvimento urbano sustentável. Neste sentido, este trabalho objetiva avaliar qualitativamente a implantação reservatórios de detenção implantados no alto curso da sub-bacia do Alto Tietê, de modo a avaliar os problemas apresentados através da realização de um inventário dos avanços atingidos na incorporação destas medidas no gerenciamento dos sistemas de drenagem nesta subbacia.

Monitoramento espacial e análise das características climáticas na influência sobre a cultura de soja no estado do Paraná

In the past years, soya has increased itself as the mean agro export culture in Brazil, encouraging the expansion of its agricultural frontier throughout the country. Brazil is the second biggest soya producer around the world, with a 59,8 million ton production in 2008, according to the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), only behind United States. Around the country, the four leading producer states are Mato Grosso, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul e Goiás. Therefore, geotechnologies may be used to monitor use and soil occupation in various analyzes periods. In this review, the tools are important to illustrate the soya production areas and also the weather behavior around its production evolution in the territory through the years. Its utilization can contribute to the evolution and optimization around real time monitoring of the Agricola cultures, without being necessary to be in the area with a low financial cost. Generally, this information is strongly important for decision makers in both government and private sector, as soon as the achievement information regards the quantification of area, yield and development of agricultural crops are essential to the economic behavior of culture during the season and even beyond. By obtaining data regarding climate crops 2008/09 and 2009/10, held the climatic water balance calculation based on the dynamics of water storage in soil temperature and precipitation data, interpolation of the data through the interpolator (IDW) that generated thematic precipitation maps. Overall, the use of geotechnology to monitor agricultural areas, can strongly contribute to this monitoring, generating raw material for further analysis at low cost

Contribuição das águas subterrâneas para a vazão do Ribeirão Boa Vista ou Córrego do Lajeado

This paper aimed to give a contribution to improve water resources management, consists of the analysis of interaction among groundwater and streamflow, by through the analysis of the relationship between basic and total streamflow, based on measured hidrological data from Ribeirão Boa Vista or Córrego Lajeado. watershed. Comparisons among groundwaterflow in this basin with another one in Rio Corumbataí basin were made based on the specific basic flow, in order to verify the possibility of the utilization of measured hydrological data in other basins with similar geological characteristics and soil use and occupation. Based upon the comparisons that were made, specific basic flow does not represent a good tool for extrapolation of measured data, indicating that this comparison shall be weighted by others characteristics as permeability and thickness of geological formations. Finally, it was possible to conclude that basic flow may be considered as an additional parameter for analysis of hydrological and hydrogeological characteristics of a basin and to provide subsidies to release legal licenses for water resources uses. related to surface water as well as for groundwater and may also be used as a tool for consolidation of integrated management of water resources, that is considered as a necessary and essential practice to avoid conflicts between users of water resources in a river basin.

Impactos ambientais decorrentes do processo de urbanização nas cabeceiras de drenagem do Córrego da Onça no município de Presidente Prudente – SP

O presente estudo tem por finalidade identificar os impactos ambientais decorrentes do processo de urbanização nas áreas das cabeceiras de drenagem do Córrego da Onça. O córrego em questão é um dos principais afluentes do Ribeirão Mandaguari e drena uma grande área do município de Presidente Prudente. A identificação dos impactos ambientais decorrentes da ocupação das áreas das cabeceiras de drenagem do Córrego da Onça foi baseada na análise da paisagem. Esta foi realizada a partir da inter-relação entre os aspectos históricos, urbanos e geomorfológicos. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico do processo de urbanização da cidade, através do qual se pôde compreender a forma como se deu a ocupação dessas áreas. Foram analisadas as características da paisagem local bem como as formas de uso e ocupação atuais do solo através de coleta de dados e informações em trabalhos acadêmicos, publicações, mapas e trabalhos de campo. No final do trabalho identificaram-se impactos ambientais decorrentes das formas de uso e ocupação do solo bem como da forma como se deu a implantação dos loteamentos