A, B, C… Anorexia, bulimia y comedor compulsivo. Manual para docentes

Los trastornos relacionados con la alimentación se han convertido, en los úl- timos años, en un grave problema de salud pública, tanto por la gravedad que estas patologías adquieren con el tiempo, como por la alarma social que se ha despertado frente a la, cada vez más frecuente, aparición de estos trastornos. A este respecto baste señalar que, según los últimos datos, de la población de jóvenes escolarizados en la Comunidad de Madrid, con edades comprendidas entre los quince y dieciocho años, un 3.4% padecen un TCA y un 7,6% presen- tan riesgo de padecerlo, lo que, unido a la prevalencia actual, supone que este problema de salud afecta a un 11% de los adolescentes escolarizados en Madrid. Junto a los jóvenes que padecen un trastorno relacionado con la alimentación hay una cantidad considerable de menores que presentan conductas de riesgo relacionadas con la aparición de estos trastornos. Así, según los últimos estudios con adolescentes, un 7,1% de los chicos y un 34,1% de las chicas han iniciado una dieta para adelgazar en el último año, mientras que un 1,1% de los chicos y un 9,1% de las chicas se han provocado el vómito con la intención de adelgazar. Un joven que está empezando a desarrollar una anorexia o una bulimia puede pasar desapercibido para su entorno, la diferencia entre la salud y la enfer- medad es, en sus orígenes, muy sutil. Así, es difícil diferenciar al adolescente que se pone a dieta porque es la moda y acaba dejando la dieta pasadas unas semanas, del joven que, con id��ntico inicio, acaba desarrollando un trastorno. El INUTCAM, consciente de la compleja situación a la que se enfrentan los docentes en cuanto a los TCA, publica este manual con la intención de brindar una ayuda más de cara a la prevención, detección y atención a los jóvenes con estas patologías.

Macroalgas epífitas de Zostera marina L. en Bahía Concepción, B.C.S., México

Macroalgas epífitas de Zostera marina L. en Bahía Concepción, B. C. S. México.

Censura crítica del alfabeto primitivo de España y pretendidos monumentos literarios del vascuence / por D. J. A. C., cura de Montuenga.

Digitalización Vitoria-Gasteiz Archivos y Bibliotecas Mayo 1994 18-24

A B C ou aleph ba’a ta’a : représentations du système d���écriture de l’enfant libanais

Cette recherche vise à d��crire les liens entre les représentations des enfants dans deux systèmes d���écriture: alphabétique et consonantique. Cette étude transversale est d��ployée auprès de 60 enfants libanais âgés entre 4 et 6 ans. Les écritures des enfants autour de huit mots sont récoltées en français et en arabe. Les résultats ne montrent aucune différence significative entre les deux systèmes d���écriture aux âges de 4 et 5 ans. C’est à l’âge de 6 ans que des différences significatives se présentent entre les deux langues. Les résultats montrent une différence significative des écritures en fonction de l’âge. Ces résultats soutiennent l’hypothèse d��veloppementale d���une structuration unique inductive quant aux codes alphabétique français et consonantique arabe. Cette structuration se distingue pour chacune des langues lors de l’entrée formelle dans l’écrit. Descripteurs: 1- émergence, 2- littératie, 3- écriture provisoire, 4- français, 5- arabe

Landscape strategies in Bronze Age Southwestern Cyprus (2500-1100 B.C.)

This thesis concerns the analysis of the socio-economic transformation of communities in Bronze Age southwestern Cyprus. Through the adoption of a dialectical perspective of analysis, individuals and environment are considered part of the same unity: they are cooperating agents in shaping society and culture. The Bronze Age is a period of intense transformation in the organization of local communities, made of a continuous renegotiation of the socio-economic roles and interactions. The archaeological record from this portion of the island allows one to go beyond the investigation of the complex and articulated transition from the EBA-MBA agro-pastoral and self-sufficient communities to the LBA centralized and trade-oriented urban-centres. Through a shifting of analytical scales, the emerging picture suggests major transformations in the individual-community-territory dialectical relations. A profound change in the materials conditions of social life, as well as in the superstructural realm, was particularly entailed by the dissolution of the relation to the earth, due to the emergence of new forms of land exploitation/ownership and to the shift of the settlement pattern in previously unknown areas. One of the key points of this thesis is the methodological challenge of working with legacy survey data as I re-analysed a diverse archaeological legacy, which is the result of more than fifty years of survey projects, rescue and research-oriented excavations, as well as casual discoveries. Source critique and data evaluation are essential requirements in an integrative and cross-disciplinary regional perspective, in the comprehensive processing of heterogeneous archaeological and environmental datasets. Through the estimation of data precision and certainty, I developed an effective - but simple - method to critically evaluate existing datasets and to inter-correlate them without losing their original complexity. This powerful method for data integration can be applied to similar datasets belonging to other regions and other periods as it originates from the evaluation of larger methodological and theoretical issues that are not limited to my spatial and temporal focus. As I argue in this thesis, diverse archaeological legacies can be efficiently re-analysed through an integrative and regional methodology. The adoption of a regional scale of analysis can provide an excellent perspective on the complexity of transformations in ancient societies, thus creating a fundamental bridge between the local stories and grand landscape narratives.

New annual and short-lived perennial pasture legumes for Australian agriculture--15 years of revolution

Fifteen years ago subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) and annual medics (Medicago spp.) dominated annual pasture legume sowings in southern Australia, while limited pasture legume options existed for cropping areas of subtropical Australia. Since then a number of sustainability and economic challenges to existing farming systems have emerged, exposing shortcomings in these species and the lack of legume biodiversity. Public breeding institutions have responded to these challenges by developing 58 new annual and short-lived perennial pasture legumes with adaptation to both existing and new farming systems. This has involved commercialisation of new species and overcoming deficiencies in traditional species. Traits incorporated in legumes of Mediterranean Basin origin for the Mediterranean, temperate and southern subtropical climates of Australia include deeper root systems, protection from false breaks (germination-inducing rainfall events followed by death from drought), a range of hardseed levels, acid-soil tolerant root nodule symbioses, tolerance to pests and diseases and provision of lower cost seed through ease of seed harvesting and processing. Ten new species, French serradella (Ornithopus sativus), biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus), sulla (Hedysarum coronarium), gland (Trifolium glanduliferum), arrowleaf (Trifolium vesiculosum), eastern star (Trifolium dasyurum) and crimson (Trifolium incarnatum) clovers and sphere (Medicago sphaerocarpos), button (Medicago orbicularis) and hybrid disc (Medicago tornata x Medicago littoralis) medics have been commercialised. Improved cultivars have also been developed of subterranean (T. subterraneum), balansa (Trifolium michelianum), rose (Trifolium hirtum), Persian (Trifolium resupinatum) and purple (Trifolium purpureum) clovers, burr (Medicago polymorpha), strand (M. littoralis), snail (Medicago scutellata) and barrel (Medicago truncatula) medics and yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus). New tropical legumes for pasture phases in subtropical cropping areas include butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea), burgundy bean (Macroptilium bracteatum) and perennial lablab (Lablab purpureus). Other species and cultivars of Mediterranean species are likely to be released soon. The contributions of genetic resources, rhizobiology, pasture ecology and agronomy, plant pathology, entomology, plant chemistry and animal science have been paramount to this success. A farmer survey in Western Australia has shown widespread adoption of the new pasture legumes, while adoption of new tropical legumes has also been high in cropping areas of the subtropics. This trend is likely to increase due to the increasing cost of inorganic nitrogen, the need to combat herbicide-resistant crop weeds and improved livestock prices. Mixtures of these legumes allows for more robust pastures buffered against variable seasons, soils, pests, diseases and management decisions. This paper discusses development of the new pasture legumes, their potential use and deficiencies in the current suite. 'Ground���breaking Stuff’- Proceedings of the 13th Australian Society of Agronomy Conference, 10-14 September 2006, Perth, Western Australia.

稻属Oryza officinalis复合体基因组研究－兼论基因组原位杂交的原理和方法

稻属（Oryza L.）属于禾本科稻族（Oryzeae Dumortier）。本属包括AA，BB，BBCC，CC，CCDD，EE，FF，GG，HHJJ和HHKK十个基因组，二十余种。其中Oryza officinalis复合体包括BB，BBCC，CC，CCDD和EE五个基因组，九个种。众多的学者对该复合体进行了广泛深入的研究，为后续研究奠定了坚实的基础。然而，迄今为止，多倍体物种形成问题许多没有解决，基因组间的关系尚未完全阐明，甚至有些多倍体物种的基因组组成仍未确认。 本文评述了Oryza officinalis复合体中基因组研究的历史和现状，用基因组原位杂位（GISH）的方法，对该复合体四倍体物种的基因组组成作了验证;对B，C，D���E四个基因组间的关系进行了研究。同时对基因组原位杂交的方法，原位杂交鉴定多倍体基因组的组成以及研究基因组间关系的方法作了一些探讨。其主要研究结果如下： 一. 原杂交方法的研究：1）染色体制片：比较研究了不同的制片方法，发现压片法适用于大染色体的材料;将酶解/空气干燥法（Fukui et al., 1992）加以改进后，特别适宜于小染色体植物材料的制片。2）根尖储存时间和条件对原位杂交的影响：发现在-20 ℃的酒精（70%）中储存8个月以内的根尖材料，可用于原位杂交;而在-20 ℃的固定液中储藏18个月的根尖，DNA降解严重，不能用于GISH。3）探针标记：比较了随机引物法、缺口平移法和两步标记法（先用随机引物标记后，再用缺口平移法进行标记的方法）的优缺点。结果显示两步标记法是最佳标记方法。 二. GISH鉴定异源多倍体的方法：用两个异源四倍体Oryza minuta和Scilla sinensis (2n = 34)做染色体制片，进行原位杂交实验，结果表明：1）用二倍体亲本基因组之一做探针而不用封阻DNA， 可以鉴别Oryza minuta而不能鉴别Scilla sinensis中的基因组。2）用一个二倍体亲本做探针而用另一个做封阻，能够区分Scilla sinensis的两个基因组;但过量的封阻DNA将可以造成一些实验假象。3）同时用两个亲本的DNA做探针，不仅能够有效分辨不同的基因组，还能够根据交叉杂交程度推测基因组间的分化程度，是鉴别异源多倍体最有效的方法。 三. GISH鉴定稻属四倍体的基因组组成：1）Oryza minuta, O. punctata和O. malampuzhaensis的基因组的组成都为BBCC。2）Oryza minuta中B基因组和二倍体O. punctata中的B基因组之间存在着明显的基因组内分化。3）O. alta是一个异源多倍体，其基因组组成为CCDD。但C和D���间的分化不彻底，可以认为它不是一个严格意义上的异源多倍体。 四. GISH研究B，C，D���E基因组间的关系：1）B基因组和C基因组之间的关系最远;E和C之间的分化同E和B之间的分化程度接近，但E和C之间的分化比E和D���间的分化要小一些;C和D���间的分化不彻底，关系最近。

不同施氮水平和杂草清除时间对半湿润地区农田氮素利用及产量的影响

在半湿润地区中等肥力土垫旱耕人为土上进行田间试验,通过对冬小麦不同生育期杂草和作物样品的采集与分析,研究不同施肥及杂草处理对氮肥肥效的影响。结果表明:作物吸氮量随施氮量增加而增加,杂草吸氮量随吸氮量增加而降低;在不同杂草处理全生育期不清除杂草(A)、越冬前清除杂草(B)、返青期清除杂草(C)和拔节期清除杂草(D)的各个处理中,A、B、C和D���草吸氮量分别占农田植物(作物+杂草)地上部分总吸氮量的1.98%、1.39%、3.99%和3.82%。籽粒产量随施氮量增加而增加,施氮量为135 kg N.hm-2时产量最高,达5 645.1 kg.hm-2,施氮量高于135 kg N.hm-2时,产量趋于稳定。氮肥利用率、氮肥利用效率、氮肥农学效率和氮肥生理效率均随施氮量增加而降低;从不同杂草处理看,以全生育期不清除杂草处理氮肥利用率最高,达到43.8%,返青期清除杂草处理氮肥利用率最低,为26.3%,二者间差异达显著水平;氮肥利用效率以越冬期清除杂草处理最高,为42.8 kg.kg-1N,全生育期不清除杂草处理最低,为40.6kg.kg-1N;氮肥生理效率以返青期清除杂草处理最高,为57.5 kg.kg-1N,显著高...

一种新的拓扑指数用于手性化合物的构效关系研究

为了研究羟酸类和氨基酸类手性化合物的构效关系,本实验引进了手性乘积算法:P=(1-b/a)(1-c/b)(1-a/c)(1-a/d),其中a、b、c和d���别为与分子中手性中心碳原子4个不同连接片断手性eAm指数和分子连接性指数mx的计算值,并考察了所得参数与羟酸类和氨基酸类化合物手性薄层色谱保留指数的相关性。为了评定所得预测模型的稳定性,文中运用了交叉验证法。结果表明,由人工神经网络方法(BP法)所得数学模型比较稳定,且明显优于多元回归分析结果。

利用~1H-核磁共振谱计算环化丁苯橡胶的环化度和溶剂参与量

对环化丁苯橡胶的1 H 核磁共振谱进行了归属分析 ,并推导出计算环化度和溶剂参与量的公式。设环化丁苯橡胶的1 H 核磁共振谱图中化学位移为 7 0 ,5 4,4 9和 3 0～ 0处的峰强度分别为A ,B ,C和D ,则环化丁苯橡胶中丁二烯总物质的量 (X) =(B +C +D - 2A) /7 1 ,未环化的丁二烯物质的量 (Y) =B/2 +C/4,参与反应的二甲苯物质的量 (Z) =( 1 7 5A -B -C -D) /46 5,环化度 (P) =1 -Y/X ,溶剂参与量 (W ) =91 6Z/X。

Comparison between compsopogon coeruleus and porphyra yezoensis in their O-2 evolution rates and phycobilisome composition

In order to investigate the possible effects of the ecological environment on photosynthetic activity and the major light harvesting complex, the oxygen evolution rates and composition of phycobilisome from marine red alga Porphyra yezoensis Ueda and freshwater red alga Compsopogon coeruleus (Balbis) Montagne, which could grow and reproduce under salinity up to 35 ppt, were studied. The results showed that the oxygen evolution rate of P. yezoensis in seawater was significantly higher than that of C. coeruleus in freshwater, and P. yezoensis tolerated inorganic ions at a relatively higher concentration than C. coeruleus. Moreover, the phycoerythrin (PE) of P yezoensis was R-phycoerythrin containing alpha, beta, and gamma subunits comprised phycoerythrobilin and phycourobilin. In contrast, the PE from C. coeruleus consisted of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits comprised only phycoerythrobilin but not phycourobilin, suggesting that the PE from C. coeruleus was of a new type.

Immediate early gene expression in dog thyrocytes in response to growth, proliferation, and differentiation stimuli.

In dog thyroid cells, insulin or IGF-1 induces cell growth and is required for the mitogenic action of TSH through cyclic AMP, of EGF, and of phorbol esters. HGF per se stimulates cell proliferation and is thus the only full mitogenic agent. TSH and cAMP enhance, whereas EGF phorbol esters and HGF repress differentiation expression. In this study, we have investigated for each factor and regulatory cascade of the intermediate step of immediate early gene induction, that is, c-myc, c-jun, jun D, jun B, c-fos, fos B, fra-1, fra-2, and egr1; fra-1 and fra-2 expressions were very low. TSH or forskolin increased the levels of c-myc, jun B, jun D, c-fos, and fos B while decreasing those of c-jun and egr1. Phorbol myristate ester stimulated the expression of all the genes. EGF and HGF stimulated the expression of all the genes except jun D and for EGF fos B. All these effects were obtained in the presence and in the absence of insulin, which shows that insulin is not necessary for the effects of the mitogens on immediate early gene expression. The definition of the repertoire of early immediate genes inductible by the various growth cascades provides a framework for the analysis of gene expression in tumors. (1) Insulin was able to induce all the protooncogenes investigated except fos B. This suggests that fos B could be the factor missing for insulin to induce mitogenesis. (2) No characteristic pattern of immediate early gene expression has been observed for insulin, which induces cell hypertrophy and is permissive for the action of the other growth factors. These effects are therefore not accounted for by a specific immediate early gene expression. On the other hand, insulin clearly enhances the effects of TSH, phorbol ester, and EGF on c-myc, junB, and c-fos expression. This suggests that the effect of insulin on mitogenesis might result from quantitative differences in the transcription complexes formed. (3) c-myc, c-fos, and jun B mRNA induction by all stimulating agents, whether inducing cell hypertrophy, or growth and dedifferentiation, or growth and differentiation, suggests that, although these expressions are not sufficient, they may be necessary for the various growth responses of thyroid cells. (4) The inhibition of c-jun and egr1 mRNA expression, and the marked induction of jun D mRNA appear to be specific features of the TSH cAMP pathway. They might be related to its differentiating action. (5) fos B, which is induced by TSH, forskolin, phorbol ester, and HGF but not by insulin, could be involved in the mitogenic action of the former factors.

Positive and negative contractile effects of somatostatin-14 on rat ventricular cardiomyocytes.

Somatostatin-14 elicits negative inotropic and chronotropic actions in atrial myocardium. Less is known about the effects of somatostatin-14 in ventricular myocardium. The direct contractile effects of somatostatin-14 were assessed using ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from the hearts of adult rats. Cells were stimulated at 0.5 Hz with CaCl2 (2 mM) under basal conditions and in the presence of the -adrenoceptor agonist, isoprenaline (1 nM), or the selective inhibitor of the transient outward current (Ito), 4-aminopyridine (500 M). Somatostatin-14 did not alter basal contractile response but it did inhibit (IC50 13 nM) the response to isoprenaline (1 nM). In the presence of 4-aminopyridine (500 M), somatostatin-14 stimulated a positive contractile response (EC50 118 fM) that was attenuated markedly by diltiazem (100 nM). These data indicate that somatostatin-14 exerts dual effects directly in rat ventricular cardiomyocytes: (1) a negative contractile effect, observed in the presence of isoprenaline (1 nM), coupled to activation of Ito; and (2) a previously unreported and very potent positive contractile effect, unmasked by 4-aminopyridine (500 M), coupled to the influx of calcium ions via L-type calcium channels. The greater potency of somatostatin-14 for producing the positive contractile effect indicates that the peptide may exert a predominantly stimulatory influence on the resting contractility of ventricular myocardium in vivo, whereas the negative contractile effect, observed at much higher concentrations, could indicate that localized elevations in the concentration of the peptide may serve as a negative regulatory influence to limit the detrimental effects of excessive stimulation of cardiomyocyte contractility.