A entomoftorose nasal

São apresentados os dados clínico-patológicos de dois casos de entomoftorose nasal, nova doença humana causada por um ficomiceto - Entomophthora coronata. Os pacientes, uma menina e um homem, com 8 e 44 anos de idade respectivamente, apresentaram doença localizada, com nódulos no nariz e região paranasal, edema e deformação da face. O parasito foi isolado do primeiro caso, mas todas as tentativas para isolá-lo no segundo caso resultaram negativas. Histologicamente, havia reação granulomatosa, fibrose e edema, em torno de hifas não septadas, as quais exibiam envólucro eosinófilo amorfo em torno. Foram demonstrados anticorpos circulantes contra, as hifas do E. coronata no soro de um dos pacientes. O material eosinófilo em torno das hifas continha fibrina e material auto-fluorescente sob luz ultra-violeta, provavelmente lipofuscina, mas não foram demonstrados anticorpos ou antígenos nesta área. A apresentação destes casos, os primeiros a serem descritos no Brasil, é acompanhado, de uma revisão geral do assunto, pois tal poderá vir a ser de interesse para aqueles que estudam os problemas da patologia tropical em nosso meio.

Rinosporidiose nasal - estudo de 11 casos

Os A. A. apresentam 11 casos de rinosporidiose nasal, cujos aspectos clínicos, anatomo-patológicos e epidemiológicos são analisados. Os pacientes - um negro, um branco e nove de cor parda, todos rurícolas - tinham de 6 a 33 anos. Nove eram áo sexo masculino. O tempo de evolução da doença variou de três meses a quatro anos e havia um caso com três recidivas. A grande maioria era proveniente do Maranhão.

Oral cavity lymphoma as secondary AIDS-defining neoplasm in a patient on HAART with immune reconstitution

Lymphomas of the oral cavity are a rare complication of advanced HIV/AIDS disease. The clinical appearance of these neoplasms includes masses or ulcerative lesions that involve the oral soft tissue and the jaw as the predominant manifestation. We report the case of a patient with AIDS who developed diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the oral cavity during highly active antiretroviral therapy, with undetectable plasma viral load and immune reconstitution.

Novo Software para análise do epitélio nasal humano

A discinesia ciliar primária (DCP) resulta de disfunção ciliar no ser humano, estando associada a um conjunto de sintomas muito diversificados. É uma doença respiratória rara caracterizada por infecções respiratórias, situs inversus, infertilidade e hidrocefalia. Em Portugal não existe nenhum centro de diagnóstico da doença. Mas a inten-ção de criar um surgiu, seguindo o método de centros de diagnóstico para DCP utilizado noutros países. Este diagnóstico consiste em recolher amostras dos cílios do nariz, através do método de escovagem nasal e obter a gravação do batimento das células ciliadas por uma câmara de alta velocidade acoplada a um microscópio com objectivas de alta resolução. É possível estudar a DCP através da análise do comportamento físico dos cílios, e, para uma melhor abordagem, foi desenvolvido um programa executável, em C#, para análise destas amostras. Este, após a escolha de uma zona de interesse da sequência de imagens pelo utilizador (ROI), detecta as frequências do bati-mento ciliar, indicando uma lista com as percentagens das frequências obtidas e cria um mapa de frequências do ROI. A ferramenta permite ainda calcular o comprimento do cílio e realizar um estudo do movimento do mesmo, algo que ainda não foi abordado por outros programas. O código desenvolvido permitirá, assim, obter um diagnóstico de DCP em Por-tugal, rápido e nalguns casos com um melhor desempenho do que a inspecção visual seguida noutros centros de diagnóstico.

Current status of herpesvirus identification in the oral cavity of HIV-infected children

INTRODUCTION: Some viruses of the Herpesviridae family are frequently the etiologic agents of oral lesions associated with HIV. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2), Varicella Zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpesvirus type 6, type 7 and type 8 (HHV-6, HHV-7 and HHV-8) in the oral cavity of HIV-infected children/adolescents and verify the association between viral subtypes and clinical factors. METHODS: The cells of oral mucosa were collected from 50 HIV infected children/adolescents, 3-13 years old (mean age 8.66). The majority (66%) of selected were girls, and they were all outpatients at the pediatric AIDS clinic of a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Nested-PCR was used to identify the viral types. RESULTS: Absence of immunosuppression was observed in 66% of the children. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was used by 72.1% of selected and moderate viral load was observed in 56% of the children/adolescents. Viral types were found in 86% of the children and the subtypes were: HSV-1 (4%), HSV-2 (2%), VZV (4%), EBV (0%), HCMV (24%), HHV6 (18%), HHV-7 (68%), HHV8 (0%). CONCLUSIONS: The use of HAART has helped to reduce oral lesions, especially with herpes virus infections. The health professionals who work with these patients should be aware of such lesions because of their predictive value and the herpes virus can be found circulating in the oral cavity without causing lesions.

Dirofilariasis involving the oral cavity: report of the first case from South America

Oral dirofilariasis is very rare with non-specific clinical manifestations. Here, we report the case of a 65-year-old South American woman with a submucosal nodule on her right buccal mucosa. The nodule was slightly tender and painful. Differential diagnoses included mesenchymal (lipoma or fibrolipoma, solitary fibrous tumor, and neurofibroma) or glandular benign tumors (pleomorphic adenoma) with secondary infections. We performed excisional biopsy. A histopathological examination revealed a dense fibrous capsule and a single female filarial worm showing double uterus appearance, neural plaque, well-developed musculature and intestinal apparatus. Dirofilariasis was diagnosed, and the patient was followed-up for 12 months without recurrence.

Histological comparison of the alar nasal cartilages in unilateral cleft lip

Patients with unilateral cleft lip display characteristic nasal changes that are independent of the degree of deformity. Defenders of the intrinsic theory consider these deformities to be due to embryogenic alterations of the alar nasal cartilages. Those that propose the extrinsic theory defend the thesis that the deformity is due to disorganization of the perioral muscles deformed by the cleft. The purpose of this study is to contribute histological evidence to help clarify the issue. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Specimens of the lateral portion of both the healthy and the cleft side of the alar cartilages were obtained from 18 patients. These uniformly cut specimens were stained by hematoxylin and eosin. Samples from 2 patients were excluded due to imperfections. The same pathologist examined all the slides. He was unaware of the origins of the specimens; he counted the number of chondrocytes and quantified the cartilage matrixes. RESULTS: All data was analyzed statistically, and no significant statistical differences were apparent, either in the number of chondrocytes or the cartilage matrix between the healthy side and the cleft side. DISCUSSION: These results apparently support the group that defend the extrinsic theory; nevertheless, the doubt about the composition of the cartilage matrix remains, not only concerning the glycosaminoglycans that compose them, but also regarding elastin and collagen and its linkages that can cause different degrees of collagen consistency.

Anphira branchialis GEN. ET SP. NOV. (CRUSTACEA, ISOPODA, CYMOTHOIDAE) A GILL CAVITY PARASITE OF PIRANHAS (Serrasalmus SPP.) IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON

Anphira branchialisgen. et sp. nov. (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cymothoidae) is described from the dorsal areas of the gill chambers of three species of piranhas (Serrasalmusspp.). The fishes were caught in rivers near Manaus, Amazonas State and on Maracá island, Federal Territory of Roraima, Brasil. The new genus and species is characterized by having large, flat coxal plates on ail 7 pereonites. These plates usually extend beyond the margins of the following segments and the 7th ones extend nearly to the pleotelson and cover the lateral margins of the pleonites. The mandible of this species is rounded, "foot shaped" and without incisor. The mandibular palp is short and stout. The maxillules have 3 terminal and 2 subterminal spines. The pleopods are simple lamellar structures with rounded tips. Evidence is presented that these parasites feed on gill filaments.

Brasergasilus mamorensis sp. n. (Copepoda: Ergasilidae) from the Nasal cavities of Hydrolycus pectoralis (Guenther, 1866) (Characiformes: Cynodontidae) from the Brazilian Amazon, and considerations about Abergasilinae

Brasergasilus mamorensis sp. n., collected from the nasal cavities of Hydrolycus pectoralis (Guenther, 1866) in the Mamoré River, Rondônia State, Brazil, is described. This is the first time that a species from the genus Brasergasilus has been collected in the nasal cavities. This new species is the only one that has a spine on the first segment of the antenna, a simple seta on the basipodites of the first three pairs of legs and one pair of vestigial legs (leg 5 ) on the sixth thoracic somite.

Silver nanoparticles to fight Candida coinfection in the oral cavity

[Exert] This chapter is focused on the activity of silver nanoparticles (SN) as an antifungal agent against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata biofilms, which are involved in oral candidosis. A discussion focusing on the influence of the stabilizing agent, diameter of SN on its antibiofilm activity, influence of chemical stability of SN on Candida biofilms, the effect of SN against adhered cells and biofilms, the effect on extracellular matrix composition and structure of Candida biofilms, the combination of SN with conventional antifungal drugs, and the incorporation of SN into denture acrylic resin is incorporated in the present chapter. Because of the resistance of Candida biofilms to conventional drugs and the positive effect of SN against them, these nanoparticles can be used as an alternative antifungal agent (...).

Síndrome do balonamento apical secundário ao uso abusivo de descongestionante nasal

Descrevemos um caso típico de síndrome do balonamento apical em uma paciente octogenária com alteração eletrocardiográfica, de contratilidade do ventrículo esquerdo, e que apresentou recuperação da função ventricular. A paciente é portadora de rinite alérgica e fez uso excessivo de descongestionante nasal horas antes do episódio da dor.

Isolamento e estudo experimental de duas novas culturas de bacilos ácido-alcool resistentes de muco nasal de leprosos

The A. described on December 14, 1951, his first culture of acid-fast bacillus isolated from nasal mucus of a leprous girl. in this paper the A. describes two new strains of acid-fast bacilli gotten also from nasal mucus of other two leprous girls, L3 cases. The first patient (layse S) had her mucus treated by petroff's method on December 16, 1952 and sown onto three tubes of loewenstein medium and in glycerin broth. After two weeks incubation at 37°C all three tubes of Loewenstein showed many punctiforme and pin-head yellowish colonies, whose microscopic examination proved to be of a pure acid-fast bacillus culture. This sample inoculated in rats and mice produced, after 55 days incubation, small tumors from which the culture was easily recovered. On April, 9, 1953 a new sample of nasal mucus of the same patient was sown in three tubes of Loewenstein. After two weeks incubation at 37°C all 3 tubes showed germination of small yellowish colonies of acid-fast bacilli. Within four months being gotten two samples of identical cultures in all smeared tubes of Loewenstein medium sown, proved that such cultures were not an ordinary ambient contamination. Second patient: - Maria N. After various sowing of different kinds of material from her, february 26, 1953 her nasal mucus treated by soda and sown onto Loewenstein medium, after 25 days incubation showed in only one tube, one small round colony, at first white, becoming creamy after three months. Transplants in various media grew at first slowly and after 2 or 3 generations grew faster. The "Layse" strain produced pellicle in glycerin broth and Dubos medium; the "Maria N." strain did not produce as yet. Both strains (Layse I and II, and Maria N.) gave weak positive Dubos test in half-an-hour and negative after 24 hours reading. Both were strongly positive when stained by Gram, Ziehl-Neelsen and Fontes methods. Both strains gave also positive fluoroscopy. These cultures are being studied. The A. concludes that, according to his experience, the slower growing cultures of acid-fast bacilli isolated from leprosy material, are the more suitable for experimental work. Aknowledgement. The A. thanks to Miss MARIA DE LOURDES SANTANA for her valuable collaboration in the studies of the described cultures.

Sensibility of the hamster (Cricetus auratus) to the Treponema pertenue

In two experiments, 8 Hamsters inoculated with material from yaws lesions (Treponema pertenue), developed skin lesions considered specific by their clinical and histopathological aspects and by the presence of treponemae. These lesions appeared on the scrotumm, testicle, prepuce, anus, tail, muzzle, back and hinders paws (palm surface). In the internal organs no treponemae were found in direct examinations and inoculation of brain, spleen and lymph node. The incubation period was of 35 days for the testicle, 55 days for the scrotum and 107 days for peritoneal cavity inoculation. Positive sub-inoculations were obtained. The serum reactions (Qasserman's and Kahn's) were negative in all 5 tested Hamsters. Out of 4 normal females matched to infected males two developed nasal lesions resulting from direct contact. Apparently the genital lesions hindered copulation. Hamsters are very well suited for an experimental study of yaws.