Producción de compuestos antimicrobianos por Pseudomonas nativas de la region de Córdoba. Production of antimicrobial compounds by native Pseudomonas from region of Cordoba.

La agricultura moderna se basa en el empleo de fertilizantes y pesticidas químicos para aumentar la productividad y para el control de enfermedades de los cultivos; sin embargo, existe una tendencia a disminuir su uso en la agricultura debido a los efectos negativos sobre la salud humana y el medio ambiente. Una estrategia alternativa al uso de agroquímicos es el empleo de microorganismos capaces de promover el crecimiento vegetal y/o actuar como agentes de biocontrol. A la hora de formular un inoculante se debe tener en cuenta que la cepa sea competitiva. A pesar de que se conoce poco sobre el rol de las bacteriocinas en el medio ambiente; se ha observado que bacterias productoras de bacteriocinas son más competitivas. Además estos metabolitos pueden ser utilizados también para el control biológico de bacterias patógenas. En el laboratorio se cuenta con cepas de Pseudomonas aislados de la rizósfera de cereales de la provincia de Córdoba. Pseudomonas sp. SF4c (cepa nativa de trigo), secreta una bacteriocina de alto peso molecular, aun no caracterizada. HIPOTESIS: El empleo de formulaciones en base a cepas nativas competitivas, altamente eficientes para la promoción del crecimiento vegetal y el control biológico permitirá disminuir el uso de agroquímicos incrementando la producción y/o calidad de los cultivos. Objetivos específicos: 1. Evaluar la capacidad de Pseudomonas nativas de inhibir el crecimiento de hongos fitopatógeno. 2. Analizar la producción de bacteriocinas en Pseudomonas spp. 3. Purificar parcialmente la bacteriocina secretada por Pseudomonas sp. SF4c. Para llevar a cabo este proyecto, - Se probará la capacidad de Pseudomonas de inhibir el crecimiento de hongos fitopatógenos en medio agar dextrosa papa. En las cepas biocontroladoras, se buscarán los genes implicados en la síntesis de metabolitos secundarios, mediante PCR usando primer específicos. - Se analizará la producción de bacteriocinas en Pseudomonas nativas. En las cepas bacteriocinogénicas se realizarán estudios adicionales para conocer la estabilidad de estos compuestos (sensibilidad a enzimas proteolíticas, calor, UV). -Se purificará la bacteriocina secretada por Pseudomonas sp. SF4C, mediante cromatografía de exclusión molecular, las fracciones recogidas serán analizados en geles de poliacrilamida. La identificación de la proteína será realizada por espectrometría de masa MALDI-TOF. Se espera encontrar dentro de la colección, cepas capaces de controlar el desarrollo de hongos fitopatógenos, dilucidar los mecanismos mediante el cual ejerce su efecto de biocontrol y avanzar en el conocimiento de nuevas bacteriocinas. A nivel industrial, existe en el futuro la posibilidad de que estas bacterias puedan ser utilizadas en la formulación de inoculantes para ser usados en la fertilización de cultivos de cereales que son de gran importancia económica para la región, y/o como agentes de control biológico.

Estudio de los modos de vida e historia biológica de las poblaciones humanas de la región central de argentina desde el registro bioarqueológico. Lifestyles and biological history of human populations of the central region of argentina from bioarchaeological record.

Se pretende aportar al estudio de la estructura, historia biológica y estilos de vida de las poblaciones que habitaron la región central de Argentina durante el Holoceno, desde una perspectiva que combina los aportes teóricos y metodológicos de la Genética del paisaje y la Bioarqueología. Interesa a) identificar barreras de diferenciación morfológica entre poblaciones, b) poner a prueba modelos poblacionales para explicar la variación observada e identificar las variables que contribuyan a dicha diferenciación, c) evaluar la congruencia de los resultados obtenidos, d) reconstruir los patrones de movilidad residencial de las poblaciones, e) estudiar sus patrones dietarios considerando diferencias temporales y espaciales, f) identificar indicadores de diversos tipos de estrés (nutricional, funcional), así como traumas, g) estudiar las historias tafonómicas del registro bioarqueológico regional, y h) proponer un modelo para explicar el poblamiento y la evolución local de las poblaciones que habitaron esta región, a partir de la información arqueológica y bioantropológica. Para el análisis de los patrones espaciales de variación biológica se trabajará a partir del registro de rasgos epigenéticos craneales, medidas lineales y datos obtenidos a partir de morfometría geométrica sobre fotografías en 2D sobre muestras arqueológicas procedentes de esta región y de otras regiones geográficas de la Argentina. Para el análisis de la estructura de la población se trabajará a partir del cálculo de la matriz R para datos morfológicos y sus estimaciones derivadas (distancia D², Fst, coordenadas principales) y la aplicación del modelo de Harpending y Ward. Desde la genética del paisaje, se realizarán análisis de autocorrelación espacial, barreras genéticas y análisis geoestadísticos (kriging). Para el estudio de los modos de vida a partir del registro bioarqueológico se relevarán patologías dento-alveolares y alteraciones vinculadas con la salud bucal tales como desgaste dental –a nivel micro y macroscópico- caries, abscesos, pérdidas dentales antemortem, cálculos, hipoplasias, marcadores esqueletales de salud y lesiones traumáticas. Se analizarán isótopos estables (δ13C, δ15N, 86Sr y 87Sr) en restos óseos humanos de diversos sitios arqueológicos con el objetivo de reconstruir patrones dietarios y analizar la movilidad residencial y migración de las poblaciones. Paralelamente, se establecerán procedimientos de control tafonómico de los restos óseos, y se harán análisis específicos para estudiar las historias tafonómicas y evaluar el grado de integridad de los contextos de depositación y de las colecciones en general. Estimamos que el análisis de los patrones espaciales y temporales de variabilidad morfológica craneofacial, así como el estudio de las dietas a partir de información isotópica y bioarqueológica, de las migraciones y la movilidad residencial de las poblaciones a partir de isótopos de estroncio, la reconstrucción de comportamientos y actividades cotidianas a partir de marcadores de estrés músculo-esqueletal, en un marco cronológico y espacial constituye un aporte novedoso y eficaz que permitirá incrementar de manera substancial la información sobre la evolución de las poblaciones originarias del centro del territorio argentino. The aim of this project is to study the structure, biological history and lifestyles of the people that inhabitated the central region of Argentina during the Holocene, from a perspective that combines theoretical and methodological contributions of Landscape Genetics and Bioarchaeology. To analyze the spatial patterns of biological variation we consider epigenetic cranial traits, linear measurements and data obtained from geometric morphometric on 2D photographs. Morphological variation will be focused on landscape genetics (autocorrelation, genetic barriers and geostatistical analysis –kriging-) and population structure (matrix R, D², Fst, principal coordinates, Harpendig and Ward model). For the study of lifestyles from bioarchaeological record we consider alveolar pathologies and disorders related to oral health such as tooth wear, micro and macroscopic level, caries, abscesses, antemortem tooth loss, hypoplasia, markers skeletal health and traumatic injuries, as well as taphonomic processes. Stable isotopes will be analyzed (δ13C, d15N, 86Sr and 87Sr) in human skeletal remains from various archaeological sites in order to reconstruct and analyze dietary patterns of residential mobility and migration of populations. It will be established procedures of taphonomic control on skeletal remains, analysis to study taphonomic histories and assess the degree of completeness of depositional context and collection, in general terms. We consider that analysis of spatial and temporal patterns of variability in craniofacial morphology and the study of health and diets from isotopic and bioarchaeological data, migration and residential mobility patterns from strontium isotopes, as well as activity patterns from stress markers is a novel and effective contribution that will substantially increase the information about the local evolution of populations that inhabitated the center of Argentina.

An assessment of biological and population parameters of the Common whelk, Buccinum undatum (L.) in the region of the North West Irish whelk fishery

The Common whelk, Buccinum undatum (L.) is a conspicuous benthic scavenger in Irish waters, and is a valuable fisheries resource in South East Ireland. B. undatum is fished in many parts of its range, and previous studies have shown that certain life history parameters, which vary with location, make this species vulnerable to overexploitation. This makes research into each exploited stock essential to ensure sustainable fisheries management of the species. In 2003, interest in B. undatum as a complementary species in the inshore fishery east of the Inishowen Peninsula, North West Ireland, initiated investigation into fisheries related biological and population aspects of the species in this region. The current study presents estimates of spatial variation and density of the stock, size at age and growth rates, size and age at onset of sexual maturity, and timing of reproductive events in the region of the North West Irish whelk fishery for the period of June 2003 to May 2004. Analysis of variance of the total shell length of whelk landings to the fishery was conducted over spatial scales of fishing pot, fishing string and landings to vessels. Landings varied significantly in shell length at the spatial scale at which whelks are attracted to baited pots, but did not vary significantly over larger spatial scales. Depletion estimates of stock density from fisheries derived Catch per Unit Effort data and a mark re-capture experiment estimate 0.134 - 0.227 whelks per m2. Two independent methods of age determination found similar growth logistics functions for B. undatum.Modal analysis of length frequency distribution of landings to the fishery estimated symptotic length, Leo = 151.64 mm and Brody growth coefficient, K = 0.04. Analysis of the striae in individual opercula, where each stria was found to represent annual growth, estimated Loo = 137.73 mm and K = 0.12. Common whelks in the region of the North West Irish whelk fishery grow slowly and are long-lived, with 19 opercula striae recorded in one individual. Onset of sexual maturity is late, and no sex-specific differences in size or age at maturity were determined in the present study. Males were found to achieve sexual maturity at 83.30 ± 10.77 mm, and 8.9 - 11.1 years of age, and females at 82.62 ± 10.68 mm and 8.8 to 11.1 years of age. Systematic observations of reproductive events, including histological changes to the female ovary and male testis, and changes in the size and mass of body components, suggest that breeding occurred between the autumn and winter months of October and December 2003. Biological aspects of B. undatum in the study region are compared with previous studies from other regions, and discussed in relation to sustainable management of the fishery.

Reduced model for flow simulation in the burner region of lime shaft kilns

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Verfahrens- und Systemtechnik, Diss., 2010

A list of mammals obtained by Edmund Heller, collector for the museum, from the coast region of northern California and Oregon, by D. G. Elliot.

v.3:no.11(1903)

The temporal region of the Permian reptile Diadectes / Everett Claire Olson --

v.10:no.9(1950)

The auditory region of the arctoid carnivores.

v.29:no.3(1943)

Amphibians and reptiles of the Big Bend region of Texas, by Karl P. Schmidt and Tarleton F. Smith.

v.29:no.5(1944)

Three new species of Mesabolivar (Aranea, Pholcidae) from leaf litter in urban environments in the city of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

In this study we describe three new litter inhabiting species of Mesabolivar González-Sponga, 1998 from nine urban forest remnants in the metropolitan region of the city of São Paulo, Brazil: M. forceps, M. mairyara and M. cavicelatus. In three of these remnants, we conduced a three year sampling using pitfall traps. Mesabolivar forceps sp. nov. was the most abundant pholcid (n=273 adults), always present in the samples, but with highest numbers in spring and summer. Mesabolivar mairyara sp. nov. was the second most abundant species (n=32), but the majority of individuals were collected in March 2001. Only three individuals of M. cavicelatus sp. nov. were collected.

Archaeological survey in the Juli-Desaguadero region of Lake Titicaca Basin, Southern Peru / Charles Stanish, et al.

n.s. no.29(1997)

The relative growth and sexual maturity of the freshwater crab Dilocarcinus pagei (Brachyura, Trichodactylidae) in the northwestern region of the state of São Paulo

The aim of the present study was to determine the size at sexual maturity in the freshwater crab Dilocarcinus pagei Stimpson, 1861, from a population located in Mendonça, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The crabs were sampled monthly (July 2005 to June 2007), at Barra Mansa reservoir. The specimens were captured manually or in sieves passed through the aquatic vegetation. The crabs were captured and separated by sex based on morphology of the pleon and on the number of pleopods. The following dimensions were measured: carapace width (CW); carapace length (CL); propodus length (PL); and abdomen width (AW). The morphological analysis of the gonads was used to identify and categorize individuals according to their stage of development. The morphological maturity was estimated based on the analysis of relative growth based on the allometric equation y = ax b. The gonadal maturity was based on the morphology of the gonads by the method CW50 which indicates the size at which 50% of the individuals in the population showed gonads morphologically mature to reproduction. The biometric relationships that best demonstrated the different patterns of growth for the juvenile and adult stages were CW vs. PL for males and CW vs. AW for females (p<0.001). Based on these relationships, the estimated value to morphological sexual maturity was 21.5 mm (CW) in males and 19.7 mm (CW) in females. The determination of the size at sexual maturity and the adjustment of the data based on the logistic curve (CW50) resulted in a size of 38.2 mm for males and 39.4 mm for females (CW). Based on the data obtained for sexual maturity for D. pagei, we can estimate a minimum size for capture of 40 mm (CW). This minimum size allows at least half of the population to reproduce and retains the juveniles and a portion of the adults in the population.

Bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) of an urban park in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil

Some bat species are able to adapt to urban areas, where they find food and roosts. Despite the high number of parks in Brazilian cities, they did not yet raise the interest of most zoologists, except for some surveys of birds and butterflies. The objectives of the present study were: (i) to inventory the bat species of Quinta da Boa Vista (QBV), a large (25 ha) urban park centrally located in densely populated Rio de Janeiro, which is Brazil's second largest metropolis; (ii) to compare the species richness observed in roosts with the richness recorded through mist netting in flight routes and near fruiting fig trees; and (iii) to analyze recaptures of bats marked in this park and recaptured in other sites and vice-versa. Sampling totaled 104 sampling nights resulting in 3,256 captures (including 133 recaptures) between April 1989 and December 2004. We also sampled roosts and received some specimens from park visitors and city workers. We documented 21 bat species, predominantly large frugivores. The number of expected species for this park was 24.0 ± 4.6, and the total sampled represented 87.5% of the expected. The recapture of bats marked in surrounding forest fragments and in QBV shows the importance of urban parks for the maintenance of bat diversity. Inspection of roosts produced two species that had not been captured with other methods. Sampling near fruiting fig trees did not differ in terms of richness from sampling carried out far from these trees or during their non-fruiting periods.

A survey of planorbid molluscs in the Amazonian region of Brazil

A survey of the plarnorbid fauna in the Brazilian states of the Amazonian river basin revealed the occurence of 14 species, 8 of the genus Biomphalaria, 4 of Drepanotrema, 1 of Antillorbis and 1 of Plesiophysa, besides a naturalized puopulation of Helisoma duryi at Santa Rosa, municipality of Formosa, state of Goiás. The following is the distribution of the species by genera, in decreasing order of frequency (number of localities in parenthesis): 1. Biomphalaria straminea (50): Acre, Amazonas, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará and Roraima; 2. B. occidentalis (30): Acre, Amazonas, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul; 3. B. schrammi (22); Distrito Federal, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul and Pará; 4. B. amazonica (14): Acre, Amazonas and Rondônia; 5. B. glabrata (13): Distrito Federal, Goiás, Maranhão and Pará; 6. B. peregrina (4): Distrito Federal, Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul; 7. B. tenagophila (2): Distrito Federal and Goiás; 8. B. oligoza (2): Mato Grosso do Sul; 9. Drepanotrema lucidium (72): Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, Rondônia and Roraima; 10. D. anatinum (41): Acre, Amazonas, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, Rondônia and Roraima; 11. D. depressissimum (19): Acre, Amazonas, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul and Pará; 12. D. cimex (15): Acre, Amazonas, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul and Pará; 13. Antillorbis nordestensis (3): Distrito Federal, Maranhão and Pará; 14. Plesiophysa ornata (1): Goiás. B. glabrata is responsibel for transmission of schistosomiasis mansoni in northeastern Pará, northern Marnhão and central Goiás including the Distrito Fedreal. B. tenagophila, although susceptible to experimental infection with Schistosoma mansoni, has not been found naturally infected so far in the area. B. straminea has been incriminated as...