La escenificación imaginaria corporal mestiza del chulla

Analizaré las diferentes manifestaciones corporales de los diversos personajes que dramatizan la tragedia del mestizaje que narra el escritor quiteño Jorge Icaza en la novela realista, escrita en tercera persona, “El chulla Romero y Flores” (1958); basada en la vida de un suigéneris personaje de la quiteñidad. El chulla novelesco es visto como un desarrapado burócrata que aparenta y saca dinero si sus necesidades personales lo ameritan. Lo miran como un mestizo acomplejado de sus prejuicios raciales. La sociología del cuerpo forma parte de la sociología cuyo campo de estudio es la corporeidad humana como fenómeno social y cultural, materia simbólica, objeto de representaciones y de imaginarios. La reflexión corporal mestiza de los personajes de la novela icaciana explora poéticamente al cuerpo como una experiencia significante verosímil y compleja, que permite ver al hombre - cuerpo como la imagen del cosmos en su existencia individual y colectiva.

Reconstruyendo la identidad: la constitución discursiva de la identidad del pueblo Andoa a través de su narrativa

Los andoas son la última nacionalidad indígena en ser reconocida en el Ecuador, pese a lo cual comparten con el resto de pueblos indígenas de la Amazonía un pasado centenario. El presente trabajo busca indagar los procesos de constitución de la identidad del pueblo andoa a través de su narrativa, teniendo como fondo un estudio pormenorizado de las fuentes etnohistóricas desde las primeras penetraciones españolas. Se parte de la idea de círculos concéntricos de relaciones interétnicas a partir de las cuales se va separando un núcleo de identidad andoa. Luego de un análisis de la historia oral recogida en las comunidades andoas de Ecuador y Perú, se identifican cuatro configuraciones discursivas: 1) las relaciones interétnicas basadas en el parentesco, las alianzas y el comercio con otros grupos zaparoanos y kichwas; 2) la lengua como matriz demarcadora de fronteras étnicas y agente constituyente de identidad; 3) el conflicto y la lucha por territorios y recursos con grupos no-zaparoanos como principio de identificación étnica; y 4) las relaciones con los representantes del poder blanco-mestizo del estado nacional. Cada una de estas configuraciones se constituye un eje del discurso a partir del cual los andoas tejen sus relaciones con respecto al “otro” y se auto-identifican como pueblo. Este ejercicio de auto-identificación, sin embargo, no está exento de contradicciones y tensiones, las mismas que se originan al aplicar el principio de diferenciación étnica a grupos humanos que se encuentran en la misma génesis de la identidad que se quiere constituir. Aún entonces, la experiencia histórica del pueblo andoa y su proceso de formación de identidad reflejan un importante ejercicio de convivencia social en la diferencia y una visión de nacionalidad orientada a reconstituir espacios socio-históricos incluyentes más allá de las fronteras nacionales.

El legado de Cádiz: ciudadanía y cultura política en la Gobernación de Cuenca, 1812-1814 (Estudios)

Este trabajo analiza el legado de las Cortes de Cádiz y de la Constitución de 1812 en Cuenca entre 1812 y 1814. Estudia los principales cambios políticos relacionados con los derechos de diversos actores sociales, así como el rompimiento de antiguas formas de relación social. Los cambios políticos se relacionaron con la introducción de nuevos conceptos y prácticas como ciudadanía, soberanía, elección y representación, tanto en el mundo criollomestizo como en el indígena (población cañari) de la provincia. Se analiza la abolición del tributo indígena, el servicio personal y la mita, además se estudian algunos cambios administrativopolíticos como la creación de los ayuntamientos constitucionales, las diputaciones provinciales y nacionales.

Emergencia colectiva contenciosa de los evangélicos en el Ecuador

Esta investigación analiza los acontecimientos generados en 1994 por la aprobación de la ley de dos horas de religión en el sistema educativo ecuatoriano a la luz del accionar político social de los evangélicos kichwas y urbano-mestizo. Se lo hace considerando el desarrollo general de los movimientos sociales de Sidney Tarrow en la conformación de estructuras de movilización y la conceptualización de los ciclos de protesta y de modularidad. A su vez, se coteja el impacto de la comunicación y las redes sociales (no digitales) en la dinámica de la contienda política y sus implicaciones en América Latina. De una manera cronológica se describe la impugnación a la ley de 2 horas de religión en el proceso dado en los ámbitos legislativo y el Tribunal de Garantías Constitucionales de 1994. Sucesivamente se hace una exposición de actores, acciones y recursos usados en la acción colectiva contenciosa de los evangélicos kichwas y urbanomestizo. A su vez se indaga en la participación electoral o el intento de ello por parte de los protestantes evangélicos urbanos. Finalmente se hace una comparación sistemática de la acción colectiva de ambos grupos usando la deducción teórica de la acción colectiva contenciosa y su revisión crítica contextualizada para Latinoamérica. Concluiremos diciendo que la acción colectiva contenciosa culmino en la formación de un partido político evangélico en el Ecuador del periodo posterior a la vuelta a la democracia se cristalizó en los evangélicos kichwas más no en los evangélicos de contexto urbano y/o mestizo. Esto sucedió a través de la FEINE cuando se organizaron a nivel nacional y pasaron de ser actores secundarios en la movilización indígena a conformar un cuadro político y electoral siendo actores autónomos en la política nacional. Finalmente diremos que minorías religiosas fruto del trasplante foráneo proselitista religioso, poseen modos y formas de organización inmediatista que les permite inferir en asuntos de orden público al corto plazo, pero al final fracasan porque carecen de discursos o respaldo en temas y competencias de índole social y/o política en sus esquemas doctrinales o dogmáticos.

Seven hazards in Cameron's intended European Policy. CEPS Commentary, 15 January 2013

As the date approaches for Prime Minister Cameron’s long-awaited speech setting out his policy intentions towards the EU, a new CEPS Commentary by Michael Emerson chronicles a plethora of problems his propositions are going to encounter for their successful implementation in the both the British and European interests.

John of Worcester and the science of history

Although the ‘chronicle of chronicles’ compiled at Worcester c1095-c1140 is now firmly attributed to John of Worcester, rather than Florence, major questions remain. A central issue is that the semi-autograph manuscript of the chronicle (now Oxford, Corpus Christi College, Ms 157) underwent several alterations to its structure and contents, as codicological evidence demonstrates. These included the incorporation of important illuminations, which have been surprisingly little considered in their overall manuscript context. This article focuses on these illuminations, and will argue that their presence in this version of the chronicle makes it something even more distinctive than the learned, revisionist chronological work of Marianus Scotus upon which it was based. John of Worcester’s chosen images are linked not only to his political narrative but also to theological works and to cutting-edge science, newly translated from Arabic. The presence of such miniatures in a twelfth-century chronicle is unique, and they are central to the final form given to the Worcester chronicle by John of Worcester himself in this key manuscript. Their analysis thus brings into focus the impressive assembly of materials which the chronicle offered to readers, to shape their understanding of ongoing events.

Entre histoire et fiction: la représentation du règne d'Arthur dans le manuscrit enluminé du Brut en prose, Londres, Lambeth Palace 6 (c. 1480)

The manuscript London, Lambeth Palace 6, contains the Middle English prose Brut, a text which benefited from a great popularity throughout the fifteenth century. It was copied by an English scribe and richly illuminated by the Master of Edward IV and his assistants at Bruges around 1480. This article studies the representation and integration of the reign of Arthur in the historical framework of the Brut or Chronicles of England, including its fictional aspects: Arthur emerges as a historical character but also as a chivalric and mythical figure. The analysis covers the miniatures ranging from the plot leading to the conception of Arthur to the end of his reign (fols. 36-66). The textual and iconographic choices of the prose Bruts are highlighted by comparisons with Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Historia Regum Britanniae, Wace’s Brut, and later prose rewritings in the Lancelot-Grail romance cycle, especially Merlin and its Vulgate Sequel. They show the continuous interest raised by Arthur in the aristocratic and royal circles of late fifteenth century England and the relationship be¬tween continental and insular historiographical, literary and artistic traditions.

Telefantasy tower blocks: space, place and social realism shake-ups in Misfits

This article considers the ways in which British youth telefantasy Misfits (E4, 2009–13) takes up and makes strange urban spaces familiar from social-realist narratives. Filmed on the sprawling East London estate, Thamesmead, the programme chronicles a group of young offenders who are given powers by a freak storm, turning them into ‘ASBO superheroes’. Misfits depends on its British urban landscapes for the assertion of its ‘authenticity’ within British youth television, using spaces and landscapes familiar from urban youth exploitation cinema and television's narratives of the underclass. After situating the series within existing cultural discourses and recent developments in social-realist representations, the article explores how Misfits disrupts what have become signifiers for the ‘real’ – the brutalism of housing estates, the grey of the concrete and sky – by making them strange, turning them into telefantasy. The series presents the estate as an uncanny place: the domestic, social-realist world shifted into a fantastical space by the storm. Through close analysis, this article explores how the familiar spaces become skewed and unsettling to match our protagonists' isolation, shifting bodies and scrambled sense of self.

Scriptural Archeology: Excavating the Presence of Women in the Torah

Women's roles in religious history have been traditionally described in terms of their relation and value to men. The normative religious texts provide an androcentric perspective on the gender relationships within the early community, the growth of Judaism in "Jacob's House" and the monotheistic worship of God. Yet these literary representations omit an entire half of the experience of the Jewish community: the perspective and participation of women. As Judith Plaskow argues extensively in Standing Again at Sinai, women are defined not in her own terms or in her own voice, but by her relationship and value to men through the androcentric vocabulary of the Torah. This statement is textually illustrated by the authorial and editorial presentation of women and their place in ancient Israelite society in the Torah. As Judaism grew increasingly androcentric in its leadership, women were increasingly reduced to marginal figures in the community by authorial and editorial revisions. Yet the participation of women of ancient Israel is not lost. Instead, the presence of women is buried beneath the androcentric presentation of the early Judaic community, waiting to be excavated by historical and scriptural examination. The retelling of the past is influenced by the present; memory is not static but takes on different shapes depending on the focus of concentration. However, tradition greatly influences the interpretation of religious history as well. In the book of Genesis, the literature emphasizes the divine appointment of male figures such as Abraham the father of the covenant and Jacob who is renamed and claimed by God as "Israel," placing them at the center of Jewish history. As a result, the other figures in these biblical narratives are described in relation to the patriarchs, those male bearers of the covenant, by their service or their value to him. Women are at the bottom of this hierarchy. Although female figures of exceptional quality are noted in later chronicles, such as Ruth, Deborah and Miriam, it is the very nature of their exception that highlights the androcentric editorial focus of the Torah. I agree with Peggy Day, whose own scriptural examination in Gender and Difference in Ancient Israel, makes the important distinction between the literary representation and the reality of ancient Israelite culture: they are not coextensive nor equivalent. Although the text represents the culture of ancient Israel as male dominated from the time of Abraham, this presentation omits the perspective of half of the population-the women. By beginning at the point of realization that women did exist and were active in their culture, and placing aside the androcentric perspective of the text and its editors, the reality of women's place in ancient Israel may be determined. Through this new perspective, the women of the Torah will emerge as the archetypes of strength, leadership and spiritual insight to provide Jewish women of the present with female, ancestral role models and a foundation for their gender's heritage, a more complete understanding of the partial record of Jewish history recorded in the Torah. Those stories that appear as the exception of women's presence will unveil an exceptional presence. As Tamar Frankiel eloquently states in The Voice of Sarah, "the women we call our 'Mothers'-Sarah, Rivkah (Rebekah), Rachel, and Leah-are not merely mothers, any more than the 'Fathers'-Abraham, Isaac and Jacob-are merely fathers "(Frankiel 5).

An Environmental Analysis Corroborating PDA and the Winthrop Example

Libraries seek active ways to innovate amidst macroeconomic shifts, growing online education to help alleviate ever-growing schedule conflicts as students juggle jobs and course schedules, as well as changing business models in publishing and evolving information technologies. Patron-driven acquisition (PDA), also known as demand-driven acquisition (DDA), offers numerous strengths in supporting university curricula in the context of these significant shifts. PDA is a business model centered on short-term loans and subsequent purchases of ebooks resulting directly from patrons' natural use stemming from their discovery of the ebooks in library catalogs where the ebooks' bibliographic records are loaded at regular intervals established between the library and ebook supplier. Winthrop University's PDA plan went live in October 2011, and this article chronicles the philosophical and operational considerations, the in-library collaboration, and technical preparations in concert with the library system vendor and ebook supplier. Short-term loan is invoked after a threshold is crossed, typically number of pages or time spent in the ebook. After a certain number of short-term loans negotiated between the library and ebook supplier, the next short-term loan becomes an automatic purchase after which the library owns the ebook in perpetuity. Purchasing options include single-user and multi-user licenses. Owing to high levels of need in college and university environments, Winthrop chose the multi-user license as the preferred default purchase. Only where multi-user licenses are unavailable does the automatic purchase occur with single-user title licenses. Data on initial use between October 2011 and February 2013 reveal that of all PDA ebooks viewed, only 30% crossed the threshold into short-term loans. Of all triggered short-term loans, Psychology was the highest-using. Of all ebook views too brief to trigger short-term loans, Business was the highest-using area. Although the data are still too young to draw conclusions after only a few months, thought-provoking usage differences between academic disciplines have begun to emerge. These differences should be considered in library plans for the best possible curricular support for each academic program. As higher education struggles with costs and course-delivery methods libraries have an enduring lead role.