Melhoria da Atenção à Saúde de Usuários com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e Diabetes Mellitus na UBS José Raimundo de Melo, Xapuri/AC

REINOSO, Orlando Comendador. Melhoria da Atenção à Saúde aos usuários com Hipertensão Sistêmica Arterial e/ou Diabetes Mellitus, na UBS José Raimundo de Melo, Xapuri/AC. 2015. 99f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Curso de Especialização em Saúde da Família) - Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, 2015. A Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e o Diabetes Mellitus apresentam alta morbimortalidade, acarretando perda importante da qualidade de vida do usuário, o que reforça a importância do diagnóstico precoce e acompanhamento regular, pelo qual é responsável em grande medida a Atenção Primária de Saúde. O diagnóstico não requer tecnologia sofisticada e a doença pode ser tratada e controlada com mudanças no estilo de vida, com medicamentos de baixo custo e de poucos efeitos colaterais, comprovadamente eficazes e de fácil aplicabilidade. O conhecimento das doenças está relacionado à melhora da qualidade de vida, à redução do número de complicações, ao menor número de internações hospitalares e à maior aceitação da doença. Na Unidade Básica de Saúde José Raimundo de Melo, Xapuri/AC, foi desenvolvido, num período de 12 semanas, um projeto de intervenção com o objetivo de melhorar a atenção à saúde dos usuários com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e/ou Diabetes Mellitus. Do total estimado de 423 hipertensos, foram avaliados e participou da intervenção 341, o que confere cobertura de 80,6%. Do total estimado de 104 diabéticos, participaram da intervenção 69 usuários, alcançando ao final da intervenção uma cobertura de 66,3%. Quanto à qualidade, cabe ressaltar os índices alcançados no exame clínico apropriado dos usuários, que chegaram a 99,1% entre os hipertensos e 100% entre os diabéticos. Todos os hipertensos e diabéticos tiveram o registro adequado em ficha espelho e receberam orientação sobre alimentação saudável, riscos do tabagismo e higiene bucal. Todos os faltosos foram buscados. A grande maioria foi estratificada quanto ao risco cardiovascular, receberam a prescrição de medicamentos da Farmácia Popular/Hiperdia, e foram orientados quanto à prática de atividade física regular. Conseguiu-se o presente resultado incrementando o nível de conhecimento da equipe, realizando visitas domiciliares e aproveitando ao máximo as atividades de grupo. A intervenção estimulou e facilitou o acesso dos usuários portadores de hipertensão arterial e diabetes mellitus à Unidade de Saúde, para desfrutarem de um atendimento de qualidade, que já faz parte da rotina de trabalho. A equipe ganhou em nível técnico e capacidade de resolução das problemáticas e o trabalho em equipe constituiu o maior avanço.

Melhoria da Atenção aos Usuários com HAS e/ou Dm, na UBS Raimundo do Rosario Melo, Nova Olinda do Norte/AM

Garcia Rojas Dianela Esther. Melhoria da Atenção aos usuários com HAS E/OU DM, da UBS Raimundo do Rosário Melo, Nova Olinda do Norte- Amazonas. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso de Especialização. Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde da Família – Modalidade de Educação à Distância. Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas. Este trabalho descreve a implementação de um projeto de intervenção desenvolvido no período de três meses na Unidade Básica de Saúde Raimundo do Rosário Melo o objetivo e melhorar a saúde das pessoas com Hipertensão Arterial e/ou Diabetes Mellitus. As ações foram desenvolvidas nos eixos de monitoramento e avaliação, organização e gestão do serviço, engajamento ao público e qualificação da prática clínica. A totalidade de usuários com Hipertensão Arterial e/ou Diabetes Mellitus participou de atividades educativas de promoção e prevenção, isso paralelamente aos atendimentos clínicos que ocorreram continuamente pelos 4 meses na UBS. As buscas ativas foram realizadas em 100 % das ausências dos usuários com Hipertensão Arterial e Diabetes Mellitus. A totalidade (100%) (18) dos profissionais da equipe foi capacitada para o atendimento integral em saúde dos usuários com Hipertensão Arterial e/ou Diabetes Mellitus. Foram fornecidas orientações nutricionais, sobre alimentação saudável comportando se 100% (253) a proporção de pessoas Hipertensas com orientação nutricional sobre alimentação saudável e 99,2 % (124) com Diabetes Mellitus, os efeitos negativos do tabagismo comportando se aos 100 % (253) com Hipertensão Arterial e 100 % (125) usuários com Diabetes Mellitus, em quanta orientação de atividades física comportando em Hipertensos aos 100 % (253) no ultimo mês e em 99,2 % (124) os usuários com Diabetes Mellitus, entre outros de importância considerados fatores de riscos. Os registros foram mantidos atualizados em planilha e prontuário em 100% dos usuários cadastradas através da revisão mensal dos prontuários. Ao final da intervenção foram apresentados 92.1% (227) usuários com Hipertensão Arterial com exames complementares em dia, de acordo com o protocolo e 96 % (63) de usuários com Diabetes Mellitus. Proporção de pessoas com Hipertensão Arterial com estratificação de risco cardiovascular com exame clinica em dia foi de 92, 6 % (235) e 97,6 % (122) dos usuários com Diabetes Mellitus. Todos receberam orientações sobre aqueles fatores risco que é diretamente proporcional incidência destas doenças crônicas. Fizemos ampliação da cobertura da atenção aos usuários com essas doenças, melhoria nos registros e a qualificação da atenção, onde foi muito importante o exame dos pés dos usuários Diabéticos, a avaliação odontológica, nutricional e fatores de riscos associados às doenças crônicas. Permitiu que a equipe se capacitasse para continuar nosso trabalho com as recomendações do Ministério da Saúde além conhecimento sobre os protocolos destas doenças sendo eles muitos frequentes em nossa comunidade, aumentou o conhecimento sobre rastreamento, diagnósticos, tratamento e monitoramento da Hipertensão Arterial e/ou Diabetes Mellitus, Estes conjuntos de ações em associação às práticas de promoção de saúde e prevenção de saúde se constituem no início da modificação e incorporação de novos hábitos de saúde à rotina destes usuários. Palavras-chave: Saúde da Família; Atenção Primaria a Saúde, Doença Crônica, Diabetes Mellitus, Hipertensão Arterial.

Transtorno de humor nos usuários da Equipe Saúde Paraguai no distrito Melo Viana em Esmeraldas - Minas Gerais

A depressão é uma condição comum, de curso crônico e recorrente, que causa prejuízo ao bem estar emocional e físico das pessoas acometidas, além do comprometimento funcional. Este trabalho tem como Para subsidiar a elaboração do plano de intervenção foi feita uma revisão da literatura, a fim levantar as evidências já existentes sobre o tema atendendo a relevância e a aplicabilidade das mesmas. A busca das publicações foi feita nos bancos de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Foram também utilizadas as informações secundárias existentes nos prontuários, as observações realizadas durante as visitas domiciliares e também das reuniões com a equipe de saúde. Espera-se com a execução deste projeto de intervenção a redução em aproximadamente uns 30% dos casos prevalentes de transtorno de humor nos usuários da equipe saúde Paraguai no Distrito Melo Viana em Esmeraldas- Minas Gerais

Ampliando os cuidados aos pacientes hipertensos na Equipe Saúde da Família João Lopes de Melo do município de Galileia - MG

Durante as últimas décadas o Brasil apresentou uma transição epidemiológica, nutricional e demográfica com consequente alteração do perfil de morbimortalidade, em que as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis passaram a ter maior importância. Pertencente a este grupo, a hipertensão arterial sistêmica tem alta prevalência e baixas taxas de controle. É uma condição clínica multifatorial caracterizada por níveis elevados e sustentados de pressão arterial. Entre os fatores de risco destacam-se a idade avançada, etnia negra, obesidade, ingestão excessiva de sal e álcool, sedentarismo, fatores genéticos. Por ser assintomática em maior parte de seu curso, o tratamento é frequentemente negligenciado pelos pacientes. Este estudo tem como objetivo elaborar uma proposta de intervenção para o controle adequado dos pacientes hipertensos na ESF João Lopes de Melo - Galileia, com a finalidade de reduzir a morbimortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares em longo prazo. Para tanto foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, com os descritores: hipertensão, Programa saúde da família e atenção primária à saúde. O projeto de Intervenção proposto tem a finalidade de reorganizar o processo de trabalho e melhorar o acompanhamento dos hipertensos.

Hepatic Involvement In Paediatric Patients With Paracoccidioidomycosis: A Histological Study.

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis that is endemic to certain countries in Latin America. This study aimed to describe the histological features of liver involvement in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis aged <16 years of age who were treated between 1980 and 2010, with a diagnosis that was confirmed by detection of the fungus by pathological examination. Liver tissue was obtained from one necropsy and 12 biopsies. Throughout 2007, biopsies were taken from patients with persistent jaundice or portal hypertension, after which biopsies became indicated due to elevated aminotransferase and low albumin levels. Using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson's trichrome and immunohistochemical (CK7 and CK19) staining, we noted degenerative alterations in bile duct cells and inflammatory injury to the bile ducts in 10 biopsies. Using immunohistochemistry for CK7 and CK19, we observed ductal proliferation in all 12 samples. Bile duct injuries by inflammatory cells might explain the predominant increase in canalicular enzymes; immunohistochemistry is more sensitive in demonstrating ductular reactions and might show changes that are not apparent on H&E staining.

Antioxidant And Antiproliferative Activities Of Methanolic Extract From A Neglected Agricultural Product: Corn Cobs.

Neglected agricultural products (NAPs) are defined as discarded material in agricultural production. Corn cobs are a major waste of agriculture maize. Here, a methanolic extract from corn cobs (MEC) was obtained. MEC contains phenolic compounds, protein, carbohydrates (1.4:0.001:0.001). We evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential of MEC. Furthermore, its antiproliferative property against tumor cells was assessed through MTT assays and proteins related to apoptosis in tumor cells were examined by western blot. MEC showed no hydroxyl radical scavenger capacity, but it showed antioxidant activity in Total Antioxidant Capacity and DPPH scavenger ability assays. MEC showed higher Reducing Power than ascorbic acid and exhibited high Superoxide Scavenging activity. In tumor cell culture, MEC increased catalase, metallothionein and superoxide dismutase expression in accordance with the antioxidant tests. In vivo antioxidant test, MEC restored SOD and CAT, decreased malondialdehyde activities and showed high Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity in animals treated with CCl4. Furthermore, MEC decreased HeLa cells viability by apoptosis due an increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, caspase 3 active. Protein kinase C expression increased was also detected in treated tumor cells. Thus, our findings pointed out the biotechnological potential of corn cobs as a source of molecules with pharmacological activity.

Design, Synthesis And Biological Evaluation Of Hybrid Bioisoster Derivatives Of N-acylhydrazone And Furoxan Groups With Potential And Selective Anti-trypanosoma Cruzi Activity.

Hybrid bioisoster derivatives from N-acylhydrazones and furoxan groups were designed with the objective of obtaining at least a dual mechanism of action: cruzain inhibition and nitric oxide (NO) releasing activity. Fifteen designed compounds were synthesized varying the substitution in N-acylhydrazone and in furoxan group as well. They had its anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity in amastigotes forms, NO releasing potential and inhibitory cruzain activity evaluated. The two most active compounds (6, 14) both in the parasite amastigotes and in the enzyme contain the nitro group in para position of the aromatic ring. The permeability screening in Caco-2 cell and cytotoxicity assay in human cells were performed for those most active compounds and both showed to be less cytotoxic than the reference drug, benznidazole. Compound 6 was the most promising, since besides activity it showed good permeability and selectivity index, higher than the reference drug. Thereby the compound 6 was considered as a possible candidate for additional studies.

Nebivolol Reduces Central Blood Pressure In Stage I Hypertensive Patients: Experimental Single Cohort Study.

Assessment of central blood pressure (BP) has grown substantially over recent years because evidence has shown that central BP is more relevant to cardiovascular outcomes than peripheral BP. Thus, different classes of antihypertensive drugs have different effects on central BP despite similar reductions in brachial BP. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nebivolol, a β-blocker with vasodilator properties, on the biochemical and hemodynamic parameters of hypertensive patients. Experimental single cohort study conducted in the outpatient clinic of a university hospital. Twenty-six patients were recruited. All of them underwent biochemical and hemodynamic evaluation (BP, heart rate (HR), central BP and augmentation index) before and after 3 months of using nebivolol. 88.5% of the patients were male; their mean age was 49.7 ± 9.3 years and most of them were overweight (29.6 ± 3.1 kg/m2) with large abdominal waist (102.1 ± 7.2 cm). There were significant decreases in peripheral systolic BP (P = 0.0020), diastolic BP (P = 0.0049), HR (P < 0.0001) and central BP (129.9 ± 12.3 versus 122.3 ± 10.3 mmHg; P = 0.0083) after treatment, in comparison with the baseline values. There was no statistical difference in the augmentation index or in the biochemical parameters, from before to after the treatment. Nebivolol use seems to be associated with significant reduction of central BP in stage I hypertensive patients, in addition to reductions in brachial systolic and diastolic BP.

Antimicrobial And Antiproliferative Potential Of Anadenanthera Colubrina (vell.) Brenan.

The aim of the present study was to perform an in vitro analysis of the antimicrobial and antiproliferative potential of an extract from Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan (angico) and chemically characterize the crude extract. Antimicrobial action was evaluated based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration, and the inhibition of formation to oral biofilm. Cell morphology was determined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Six strains of tumor cells were used for the determination of antiproliferative potential. The extract demonstrated strong antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 18804 (MIC = 0.031 mg/mL), with similar activity found regarding the ethyl acetate fraction. The extract and active fraction also demonstrated the capacity to inhibit the formation of Candida albicans to oral biofilm after 48 hours, with median values equal to or greater than the control group, but the difference did not achieve statistical significance (P > 0.05). SEM revealed alterations in the cell morphology of the yeast. Regarding antiproliferative activity, the extract demonstrated cytostatic potential in all strains tested. The present findings suggest strong antifungal potential for Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan as well as a tendency toward diminishing the growth of human tumor cells.

Antibody Recognition Of Plasmodium Falciparum Infected Red Blood Cells By Symptomatic And Asymptomatic Individuals In The Brazilian Amazon.

In the Amazon Region, there is a virtual absence of severe malaria and few fatal cases of naturally occurring Plasmodium falciparum infections; this presents an intriguing and underexplored area of research. In addition to the rapid access of infected persons to effective treatment, one cause of this phenomenon might be the recognition of cytoadherent variant proteins on the infected red blood cell (IRBC) surface, including the var gene encoded P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1. In order to establish a link between cytoadherence, IRBC surface antibody recognition and the presence or absence of malaria symptoms, we phenotype-selected four Amazonian P. falciparum isolates and the laboratory strain 3D7 for their cytoadherence to CD36 and ICAM1 expressed on CHO cells. We then mapped the dominantly expressed var transcripts and tested whether antibodies from symptomatic or asymptomatic infections showed a differential recognition of the IRBC surface. As controls, the 3D7 lineages expressing severe disease-associated phenotypes were used. We showed that there was no profound difference between the frequency and intensity of antibody recognition of the IRBC-exposed P. falciparum proteins in symptomatic vs. asymptomatic infections. The 3D7 lineages, which expressed severe malaria-associated phenotypes, were strongly recognised by most, but not all plasmas, meaning that the recognition of these phenotypes is frequent in asymptomatic carriers, but is not necessarily a prerequisite to staying free of symptoms.

Familial Systemic Mastocytosis With Germline Kit K509i Mutation Is Sensitive To Treatment With Imatinib, Dasatinib And Pkc412.

Mastocytosis are myeloproliferative neoplasms commonly related to gain-of-function mutations involving the tyrosine kinase domain of KIT. We herein report a case of familial systemic mastocytosis with the rare KIT K509I germ line mutation affecting two family members: mother and daughter. In vitro treatment with imatinib, dasatinib and PKC412 reduced cell viability of primary mast cells harboring KIT K509I mutation. However, imatinib was more effective in inducing apoptosis of neoplastic mast cells. Both patients with familial systemic mastocytosis had remarkable hematological and skin improvement after three months of imatinib treatment, suggesting that it may be an effective front line therapy for patients harboring KIT K509I mutation.

Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd And Diego Blood Group System Polymorphism In Brazilian Japanese Descendants.

Polymorphisms of Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd and Diego blood group systems were studied in 209 unrelated Brazilian Japanese descendants from South of Brazil. The methods used were multiplex-PCR, AS-PCR and RFLP-PCR. The differences in frequencies among the populations were evaluated using chi-square test. The frequencies for Rh, Kell, Kidd and Diego system were similar to those of the Japanese. RHCE(*)CC, RHCE(*)EE genotypes and FY(*)01 allele were lower and FY(*)01N.01 was higher than Japanese. These differences in the frequencies between Brazilian Japanese descendants and Japanese could indicate a gene flow in Brazilian population and reinforce the importance of this knowledge to achieve safe red blood cells.

Ten-eleven-translocation 2 (tet2) Is Downregulated In Myelodysplastic Syndromes.

TET2, a member of the ten-eleven-translocation (TET) family genes that modify DNA by converting 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), is located in chromosome 4q24 and is frequently mutated in myeloid malignancies. The impact of TET2 mutation on survival outcomes is still controversial; however, functional studies have proved that it is a loss-of-function mutation that impairs myeloid cell differentiation and contributes to the phenotype of myeloid neoplasia. We, herein, aimed to investigate TET2 expression in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A significantly decreased TET2 expression was observed in bone marrow cells from AML (n = 53) and patients with MDS (n = 64), compared to normal donors (n = 22). In MDS, TET2 expression was significantly reduced in RAEB-1/RAEB-2 compared to other WHO 2008 classifications, and a lower TET2 expression was observed at the time of MDS disease progression in four of five patients. In multivariate analysis, low TET2 expression (P = 0.03), male gender (P = 0.02), and WHO 2008 classification (P < 0.0001) were independent predictors of poorer overall survival. These results suggest that defective TET2 expression plays a role in the MDS pathophysiology and predicts survival outcomes in this disease.

Brij Detergents Reveal New Aspects Of Membrane Microdomain In Erythrocytes.

Membrane microdomains enriched in cholesterol, sphingolipids (rafts), and specific proteins are involved in important physiological functions. However their structure, size and stability are still controversial. Given that detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) are in the liquid-ordered state and are rich in raft-like components, they might correspond to rafts at least to some extent. Here we monitor the lateral order of biological membranes by characterizing DRMs from erythrocytes obtained with Brij-98, Brij-58, and TX-100 at 4 °C and 37 °C. All DRMs were enriched in cholesterol and contained the raft markers flotillin-2 and stomatin. However, sphingomyelin (SM) was only found to be enriched in TX-100-DRMs - a detergent that preferentially solubilizes the membrane inner leaflet - while Band 3 was present solely in Brij-DRMs. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra showed that the acyl chain packing of Brij-DRMs was lower than TX-100-DRMs, providing evidence of their diverse lipid composition. Fatty acid analysis revealed that the SM fraction of the DRMs was enriched in lignoceric acid, which should specifically contribute to the resistance of SM to detergents. These results indicate that lipids from the outer leaflet, particularly SM, are essential for the formation of the liquid-ordered phase of DRMs. At last, the differential solubilization process induced by Brij-98 and TX-100 was monitored using giant unilamellar vesicles. This study suggests that Brij and TX-100-DRMs reflect different degrees of lateral order of the membrane microdomains. Additionally, Brij DRMs are composed by both inner and outer leaflet components, making them more physiologically relevant than TX-100-DRMs to the studies of membrane rafts.

An Eye On Sickle Cell Retinopathy.

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