Phase equilibria in the system Sm-Rh-O and thermodynamic and thermal studies on SmRhO3

Using isothermal equilibration, phase relations are established in the system Sm-Rh-O at 1273 K. SmRhO3 with GdFeO3-type perovskite structure is found to be the only ternary phase. Solid-state electrochemical cells, containing calcia-stabilized zirconia as an electrolyte, are used to measure the thermodynamic properties of SmRhO3 formed from their binary component oxides Rh2O3 (ortho) and Sm2O3 (C-type and B-type) in two different temperature ranges. Results suggest that C-type Sm2O3 with cubic structure transforms to B-type Sm2O3 with monoclinic structure at 1110 K. The standard Gibbs energy of transformation is . Standard Gibbs energy of formation of SmRhO3 from binary component oxides Rh2O3 and Sm2O3 with B-type rare earth oxide structure can be expressed as . The decomposition temperature of SmRhO3 estimated from the extrapolation of electrochemical data is 1665 (+/- 2) K in air and 1773 (+/- 3) K in pure oxygen. Temperature-composition diagrams at constant oxygen pressures are constructed for the system Sm-Rh-O. Employing the thermodynamic data for SmRhO3 from emf measurement and auxiliary data for other phases from the literature, oxygen potential-composition phase diagram and 3-D chemical potential diagram for the system Sm-Rh-O at 1273 K are developed.

Thermoelectric properties of a Mn substituted synthetic tetrahedrite

Tetrahedrite compounds Cu12-xMnxSb4S13 (0 <= x <= 1.8) were prepared by solid state synthesis. A detailed crystal structure analysis of Cu10.6Mn1.4Sb4S13 was performed by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) at 100, 200 and 300 K confirming the noncentrosymmetric structure (space group I (4) over bar 3m) of a tetrahedrite. The large atomic displacement parameter of the Cu2 atoms was described by splitting the 12e site into a partially and randomly occupied 24g site (Cu22) in addition to the regular 12e site (Cu21), suggesting a mix of dynamic and static off-plane Cu2 atom disorder. Rietveld powder XRD pattern and electron probe microanalysis revealed that all the Mn substituted samples showed a single tetrahedrite phase. The electrical resistivity increased with increasing Mn due to substitution of Mn2+ at the Cu1+ site. The positive Seebeck coefficient for all samples indicates that the dominant carriers are holes. Even though the thermal conductivity decreased as a function of increasing Mn, the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT decreased, because the decrease of the power factor is stronger than the decrease of the thermal conductivity. The maximum ZT = 0.76 at 623 K is obtained for Cu12Sb4S13. The coefficient of thermal expansion 13.5 +/- 0.1 x 10(-6) K-1 is obtained in the temperature range from 460 K to 670 K for Cu10.2Mn1.8Sb4S13. The Debye temperature, Theta(D) = 244 K for Cu10.2Mn1.8Sb4S13, was estimated from an evaluation of the elastic properties. The effective paramagnetic moment 7.45 mu(B)/f.u. for Cu10.2Mn1.8Sb4S13 is fairly consistent with a high spin 3d(5) ground state of Mn.

Membrane-based deformable mirror: intrinsic aberrations and alignment issues

A deformable mirror (DM) is an important component of an adaptive optics system. It is known that an on-axis spherical/parabolic optical component, placed at an angle to the incident beam introduces defocus as well as astigmatism in the image plane. Although the former can be compensated by changing the focal plane position, the latter cannot be removed by mere optical realignment. Since the DM is to be used to compensate a turbulence-induced curvature term in addition to other aberrations, it is necessary to determine the aberrations induced by such (curved DM surface) an optical element when placed at an angle (other than 0 deg) of incidence in the optical path. To this effect, we estimate to a first order the aberrations introduced by a DM as a function of the incidence angle and deformation of the DM surface. We record images using a simple setup in which the incident beam is reflected by a 37 channel micro-machined membrane deformable mirror for various angles of incidence. It is observed that astigmatism is a dominant aberration, which was determined by measuring the difference between the tangential and sagittal focal planes. We justify our results on the basis of theoretical simulations and discuss the feasibility of using such a system for adaptive optics considering a trade-off between wavefront correction and astigmatism due to deformation. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America

A novel gene THSD7A is associated with obesity

Body mass index (BMI) is a non-invasive measurement of obesity. It is commonly used for assessing adiposity and obesity-related risk prediction. Genetic differences between ethnic groups are important factors, which contribute to the variation in phenotypic effects. India inhabited by the first out-of-Africa human population and the contemporary Indian populations are admixture of two ancestral populations; ancestral north Indians (ANI) and ancestral south Indians (ASI). Although ANI are related to Europeans, ASI are not related to any group outside Indian-subcontinent. Hence, we expect novel genetic loci associated with BMI. In association analysis, we found eight genic SNPs in extreme of distribution (P <= 3.75 x 10(-5)), of which WWOX has already been reported to be associated with obesity-related traits hence excluded from further study. Interestingly, we observed rs1526538, an intronic SNP of THSD7A; a novel gene significantly associated with obesity (P = 2.88 x 10(-5), 8.922 x 10(-6) and 2.504 x 10(-9) in discovery, replication and combined stages, respectively). THSD7A is neural N-glycoprotein, which promotes angiogenesis and it is well known that angiogenesis modulates obesity, adipose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, hence our result find a correlation. This information can be used for drug target, early diagnosis of obesity and treatment.

圆柱绕流局部冲刷机制的实验研究

采用粒子图像测速技术和粒子图像识别技术研究了冲刷坑的演化过程及局部冲刷的流体动力机制.首先研究了动床条件下圆柱周围的床面演化过程,给出垂直对称面输沙率随时间变化以及圆柱下游垂直对称面的沙颗粒浓度和泥沙分布规律;其次针对典型冲刷坑形状固定底床,测量了圆柱下游的瞬时流场,并给出平均流场.结果表明尾流区平均剪应力较低,但垂向涡量和湍流强度较高.分析指出平均剪应力较低的尾流区域,局部冲刷的主要动力机制是尾涡和湍流的综合作用.

Weak Zone Related Seismic Cycles in Progressive Failure Leading to Collapse in Brittle Crust

Until quite recently our understanding of the basic mechanical process responsible for earthquakes and faulting was not well known. It can be argued that this was partly a consequence of the complex nature of fracture in crust and in part because evidence of brittle phenomena in the natural laboratory of the earth is often obliterated or obscured by other geological processes. While it is well understood that the spatial and temporal complexity of earthquakes and the fault structures emerge from geometrical and material built-in heterogeneities, one important open question is how the shearing becomes localized into a band of intense fractures. Here the authors address these questions through a numerical approach of a tectonic plate by considering rockmass heterogeneity both in microscopic scale and in mesoscopic scale. Numerical simulations of the progressive failure leading to collapse under long-range slow driving forces in the far-field show earthquake-like rupture behavior. $En Echelon$ crack-arrays are reproduced in the numerical simulation. It is demonstrated that the underlying fracturing induced acoustic emissions (or seismic events) display self-organized criticality------from disorder to order. The seismic cycles and the geometric structures of the fracture faces, which are found greatly depending on the material heterogeneity (especially on the macroscopic scale), agree with that observed experimentally in real brittle materials. It is concluded that in order to predict a main shock, one must have extremely detailed knowledge on very minor features of the earth's crust far from the place where the earthquake originated. If correct, the model proposed here seemingly provides an explanation as to why earthquakes to date are not predicted so successfully. The reason is not that the authors do not understand earthquake mechanisms very well but that they still know little about our earth's crust.

不规则截面渠道水流量的超声波测量与系统设计

介绍一种新型的测量不规则截面渠道的水流量超声波测量的原理与系统设计,重点研究了测量方法及系统的软/硬件设计.

Efecto de labranza y control químico de malezas sobre la dinámica de malezas y el crecimiento y rendimiento del frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Con el propósito de evaluar la influencia de los dos sistemas de labranzas y controles químico de malezas sobre el comportamiento de las malezas y el crecimiento y rendimiento del cultivo del frijol común, se llevó a cabo el presente experimento en terrenos de la Empresa Almacenadora del Agro. S.A. (ALMAGRO. S.A.) Masaya. Los factores en estudio fueron: a) Labranza, el cual incluye labranza mínima y convencional. b) Control químico de malezas, donde se evaluaron el efecto de los herbicidas pendimetalin, metolachlor, pendimetalin + metolachlor aplicados 1 día después de la siembra y fomesafen + fluazifop-butyl aplicados 21 días después de la siembra. Los resultados obtenidos indican, que el sistema de labranza convencional permitió la mayor abundancia y cobertura de malezas, sin embargo esta presentó la menor biomasa de malezas dicotiledóneas. El control químico de malezas que presentó el mejor efecto sobre las malezas fue la mezcla de pre-emergentes, pendimetalin más metolachor, al permitir los menores valores en abundancia, cobertura y biomasa (peso seco). El tratamiento con metolachlor fue el que presentó la menor diversidad de malezas. El sistema de labranza mínima presentó el mayor número de vainas, mayor peso de 300 granos y mayor rendimiento. El tratamiento con pendirnetalin más metolachlor presentó el mayor número de vainas por planta, en cambio en la variable número de granos por vaina todo los tratamientos presentaron valores similares. La combinación de herbicidas post-emergente (fomesafen + fusilade) y el sistema de labranza mínima obtuvieron los mejores rendimientos, el mejor beneficio neto y la rnejor rentabilidad. El tratamiento pendirnentalin + rnetolachlor presentó mejor beneficio neto. El tratamiento fomesafen más fluazifop butyl resultó ser no dominado, ya que presentó mayores costos variables y menor beneficio neto.

Evaluación de cinco cultivares de cebolla (Allium cepa L.) amarilla dulce de exportación en el valle de Sébaco, Matagalpa

Con el propósito de evaluar el rendimiento y la adaptabilidad de cinco cultivares de cebolla ( Allium cepa L.) amarilla dulce de exportación, se realizó un ensayo en la zona de Sébaco durante el período de noviembre de 1 996 a Marzo de 1 997. El método de siembra utilizado fue el de trasplante. El diseño fue Bloques Completos al Azar con 4 repeticiones. La parcela experimental constó de 3.7 m de largo por 3.25 m de ancho. El área de la parcela útil fue de 4.3 m2. Las variables a medir parámetros fueron los siguientes: altura de planta, número de hojas, diámetro del cuello, diámetro del bulbo, peso de bulbo sano (rendimiento comercial), peso de bulbos dañados (rendimiento no comercial), rendimiento de bulbos totales en kg/ha., rendimiento exportable y rendimiento nacional (no exportable). En base al ANDEVA y prueba de Duncan al 5% se determinó que los cultivares Yellow granex (16 675 kg/ha) y Granex 33 (15 900 kg/ha) superaron en rendimiento al resto de los cultivares. El cultivar Regia presentó los rendimientos más bajos en comparación con el resto de los cultivares. Desde el punto de vista económico, el cultivar más rentable fué Yellow granex debido a su bajos costos presentando un rendimiento exportable más alto que el resto de los cultivares.

La representación política

Hace ya algún tiempo Pier Luigi Zampetti, Profesor de la Universidad de Trieste, se preguntaba si el sistema representativo habría llegado a su ocaso: “Las instituciones representativas parecían haberse convertido en fórmulas abstractas, incapaces de insertarse en la realidad viva y concreta de la experiencia”. La inquietud del profesor italiano, más allá del acierto en sus propuestas de solución, se origina en la pérdida de prestigio de las llamadas instituciones representativas, la desconfianza respecto de las mismas y la creciente insatisfacción en los electores por la conducta de sus elegidos. El estudio de los problemas suscitados puede ser realizado desde distintos ángulos: uno de ellos es si es posible una auténtica representación política del modo en que fuera modernamente concebida, o si se está solamente ante una trasposición indebida de una figura propia del derecho privado al ámbito del derecho público y el otro ángulo es el de la función que se le asigna al sistema representativo en el orden político...

小Kc数振荡流中圆柱绕流流场结构的数值分析

本文综合Chorin的涡方法、网格涡方法和泊松方程快速解法的优点,采用固定离散涡的数目和位置,随时间变化调整离散涡强度的计算方法,对Kc数在1到5之间,β数在10到1665之间圆柱在振荡流动中的流场结构进行了数值模拟。并与U型振荡水槽中的流场涡结构显示照片比较,计算结果表明,数值解在稳定性和收敛性方面都是比较好的。与显示照片相比,其符合程度也是令人满意的。

Pond construction: selecting good places for ponds

(4pp.)

Varios prodigios de amor, en onze novelas : exemplares, nuevas : nunca vistas, ni impressas : las cinco escritas sin una de las cinco letras vocales, y las otras de gusto, y apacible entretenimiento / compuestas por diferentes autores, los mejores ingenios de Espana : recogidas por Isidro de Robles, natural de esta coronada Villa de Madrid : dedicadas al glorioso San Geronimo, Padre y protector de los mercadores de libros desta Corte : con licencia

Isidro de Robles reuniu e publicou em espanhol uma coletânea de onze novelas de vários autores, afirmando serem elas inéditas. Sabe-se, contudo, que as cinco primeiras, de autoria de Alfonso de Alcaláy Henares, escritor e poeta português (Lisboa, 1599 – Alcalá, 1682) já haviam sido publicadas sob o título “Vários effetos de amor en cinco novellas exemplares...”. cuja edição princeps, considerada raríssima, foi publicada em Lisboa, no ano de 1641. As cinco novelas chamaram a atenção e agradaram ao publico, que valorizou O esforço literário e a genialidade do autor por tê-las escrito omitindo uma determinada vogal. Assim, na primeira novela todas as palavras Foram escritas sem a letra a, na segunda sem a letra e, etc.

Obras metricas de Don Francisco Manuel : al Serenissimo Senor Infante Don Pedro : contienen La Tres Musas, El pantheon, Las Musas portuguesas, El Tercer coro de las musas

Francisco Manuel de Melo nasceu em Lisboa, em 23 de novembro de 1608 e morreu na sua quinta em Alcântara, em 13 de outubro de 1666. Estudou em colégio Jesuíta, especializando-se em Filosofia e Teologia. Aos dezessete anos, decidiu seguir carreira militar. Condenado por instigar homicídio, esteve preso por onze anos e, em 1655, foi degredado para o Brasil, para onde partiu na armada de Francisco de Brito Freire. Retornou a Portugal em 1658. De lá foi para Itália, onde permaneceu por alguns anos e começou, em 1664, a fazer uma edição completa de suas obras, as quais por motivo ignorado não deu continuidade. Transferiu-se para Lisboa onde veio a falecer. Historiador, poeta, orador e crítico moralista, Francisco Manuel foi um dos escritores mais eruditos e polidos. ‘Obras metricas’ reúne a produção lírica de D. Francisco Manuel e foi editada integralmente em 1665. O volume agrupa as seguintes composições poéticas: ‘Las tres musas dei Mellodino’, que fora publicada separadamente em 1649; o ‘Panthéon’; ‘As segundas três musas do Mellodino’, escrita em língua portuguesa; o ‘Auto do fidalgo aprendiz’ apensa ao ‘Pantheón’; e, por último, ‘El tercer coro de las musas dei Mellodino’

Ordenações e leys do reyno de Portugal, confirmadas e estabelecidas pelo Senhor Rey D. João IV e agora impressas por mandado do muyto alto, e poderoso Rey D. João V

Ordenações, e leys do reyno de Portugal: confirmadas, e estabelecidas pelo Senhor Rey D. João IV’ consiste em obra composta e reimpressa no Mosteiro de S. Vicente de Fora, em Lisboa, em virtude de privilégio real. Segundo Inocêncio, trata-se de uma confirmação do Código filipino, a que foram acrescidas as leis posteriores ao período dos Filipes pelo Rei D. João IV que, ao subir ao trono, ordenou a impressão, substituindo o nome de Filipe IV pelo seu no título, no prólogo e na lei de confirmação. Das ‘Ordenações’, sucessivas edições foram publicadas inicialmente pelo Mosteiro de S. Vicente, datadas de 1636, 1695, 1708, 1727 e 1747, e depois pela Universidade de Coimbra. A cronologia das reimpressões leva a crer que a obra publicada em 1727, composta por cinco livros organizados em três volumes, trata-se da quinta edição. Como no Código filipino e nas impressões anteriores dessas ‘Ordenações’, o primeiro livro contém o regimento dos magistrados e oficiais de justiça; o segundo, as isenções e privilégios da Igreja; o terceiro, o processo civil; o quarto, as leis do Direito Civil, o especialmente quanto às propriedades; e o quinto, as leis penais e o processo criminal, contendo como subsidiarias o Direito Romano e o Canônico. Das edições existentes a publicada em 1717 é conhecida corno Vicentina e foi mandada publicar com todo luxo e magnificência pelo Rei D. João V. Ao contrário das anteriores, esta edição totaliza seis volumes, em vista da agregação de dois volumes de repertório das matérias e um volume de apêndice.