The Effect of Trainer Muscularity and Expertise on Self-Presentational Concerns, Body Image, and Performance in College Men during One-Repetition Maximum Testing

This study attempted to manipulate self-presentational efficacy to examine the effect on social anxiety, social physique anxiety, drive for muscularity, and maximal strength performance during a one-repetition maximum (1-RM) chest press and leg press test. Ninety-nine college men with a minimum of six months of previous weight training experience were randomly assigned to complete a 1-RM protocol with either a muscular male trainer described as an expert or a lean male trainer described as a novice. Participants completed measures of self-presentation and body image prior to meeting their respective trainer, and following the completion of the 1-RM tests. Although the self-presentational efficacy manipulation was not successful, the trainers were perceived significantly differently on musculature and expertise. The group with the muscular, expert trainer reported higher social anxiety and attained higher 1-RM scores for the chest and leg press. Thus, trainer characteristics can affect strength performance and self-presentational concerns in this population.

Availability of body art facilities and body art piercing do not predict hepatitis C acquisition among injection drug users in Montreal, Canada: results from a cohort study

Ce manuscrit est une pré-publication d'un article paru dans International Journal of Drug Policy 2010; 21(6): 477-484.

Évaluation des jeux Kinect à l’aide du suivi physiologique, du suivi oculaire et des réactions faciales du joueur.

Les données sont analysées par le logiciel conçu par François Courtemanche et Féthi Guerdelli. L'expérimentation des jeux a eu lieu au Laboratoire de recherche en communication multimédia de l'Université de Montréal.

Détection de chute à l'aide d'une caméra de profondeur

Les chutes chez les personnes âgées représentent un problème important de santé publique. Des études montrent qu’environ 30 % des personnes âgées de 65 ans et plus chutent chaque année au Canada, entraînant des conséquences néfastes sur les plans individuel, familiale et sociale. Face à une telle situation la vidéosurveillance est une solution efficace assurant la sécurité de ces personnes. À ce jour de nombreux systèmes d’assistance de services à la personne existent. Ces dispositifs permettent à la personne âgée de vivre chez elle tout en assurant sa sécurité par le port d'un capteur. Cependant le port du capteur en permanence par le sujet est peu confortable et contraignant. C'est pourquoi la recherche s’est récemment intéressée à l’utilisation de caméras au lieu de capteurs portables. Le but de ce projet est de démontrer que l'utilisation d'un dispositif de vidéosurveillance peut contribuer à la réduction de ce fléau. Dans ce document nous présentons une approche de détection automatique de chute, basée sur une méthode de suivi 3D du sujet en utilisant une caméra de profondeur (Kinect de Microsoft) positionnée à la verticale du sol. Ce suivi est réalisé en utilisant la silhouette extraite en temps réel avec une approche robuste d’extraction de fond 3D basée sur la variation de profondeur des pixels dans la scène. Cette méthode se fondera sur une initialisation par une capture de la scène sans aucun sujet. Une fois la silhouette extraite, les 10% de la silhouette correspondant à la zone la plus haute de la silhouette (la plus proche de l'objectif de la Kinect) sera analysée en temps réel selon la vitesse et la position de son centre de gravité. Ces critères permettront donc après analyse de détecter la chute, puis d'émettre un signal (courrier ou texto) vers l'individu ou à l’autorité en charge de la personne âgée. Cette méthode a été validée à l’aide de plusieurs vidéos de chutes simulées par un cascadeur. La position de la caméra et son information de profondeur réduisent de façon considérable les risques de fausses alarmes de chute. Positionnée verticalement au sol, la caméra permet donc d'analyser la scène et surtout de procéder au suivi de la silhouette sans occultation majeure, qui conduisent dans certains cas à des fausses alertes. En outre les différents critères de détection de chute, sont des caractéristiques fiables pour différencier la chute d'une personne, d'un accroupissement ou d'une position assise. Néanmoins l'angle de vue de la caméra demeure un problème car il n'est pas assez grand pour couvrir une surface conséquente. Une solution à ce dilemme serait de fixer une lentille sur l'objectif de la Kinect permettant l’élargissement de la zone surveillée.

Corps et âme en mouvement. Expression et signification du mouvement dans la peinture de vases en Grèce ancienne (VIe-IVe s. av. J.-C.). Ivresse, possession divine et mort.

Thèse réalisée en cotutelle avec l'université de Franche-Comté, école doctorale Langage, espace, temps et société.

Prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en niños de 3 a 17 años

Introducción: Los factores de riesgo de la enfermedad cardiovascular (FRECV) pueden estar presentes desde la infancia y predicen la enfermedad cardiovascular del adulto. Objetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia de FRECV en niños de 3 a 17 años hijos de Enfermeras de la Fundación CardioInfantil - Instituto de cardiología (FCI). Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal analítico. Resultados: 118 niños, edad promedio 7,4 años, desviación estándar 3,86, la mayoría eutróficos 72,0%. Presentaron FRECV como malos hábitos alimenticios 89,0%, sedentarismo 78,8%, exposición a tabaco 19,5%, historia familiar de riesgo cardiovascular 16,1%, sobrepeso 15,3% y obesidad 12,7%. No se encontraron diferencias entre factores de riesgo entre niños y niñas.El sedentarismo en niños con sobrepeso u obesidad fue del 90,9% y en niños eutróficos del 36,5%. Los malos hábitos alimentarios en niños con sobrepeso u obesidad fueron 84,8% y en niños eutróficos 42,4%. Los adolescentes presentaron una mayor exposición a tabaco en comparación con los preescolares y escolares, al igual que una mayor proporción de malos hábitos alimenticios en comparación con ambos grupos. De la totalidad de la población de estudio, el 97,5% presentó al menos un FRECV, y el 42,4% 3 o más FRECV. La presencia de ≥3 FRECV fue mayor en obesos al compararlos con los niños en sobrepeso y eutróficos. Conclusiones: Los resultados del estudio indican que los niños de 3 a 17 años evaluados presentan una alta carga de FRECV, en especial en aquellos con sobrepeso y obesidad.

Niveles de actividad física, condición física y tiempo en pantallas en escolares de Bogotá, Colombia: Estudio FUPRECOL

Examina la relación entre los niveles de actividad física (AF) de forma objetiva, la condición física (CF) y el tiempo de exposición a pantallas en niños y adolescentes de Bogotá, Colombia.

Valores del índice cintura/cadera en población escolar de Bogotá, Colombia: Estudio

Objetivo: Determinar los valores del índice cintura/cadera (ICC) en una población escolar de Bogotá, Colombia, pertenecientes al estudio FUPRECOL. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal, realizado en 3.005 niños y 2.916 adolescentes de entre 9 y 17,9 años de edad, pertenecientes a 24 instituciones educativas oficiales de Bogotá, Colombia. Se tomaron medidas de peso, talla, circunferencia de cintura, circunferencia de cadera. El estado de maduración sexual se recogió por auto-reporte. Se calcularon los percentiles (P3, P10, P25, P50, P75, P90 y P97) según sexo y edad y se realizó una comparación entre los valores del ICC observados con estándares internacionales. Resultados: De la población general (n=5.921), el 57,0% eran mujeres (promedio de edad 12,7 ± 2,3 años). En todas las edades el ICC fue mayor en los varones que en las mujeres, observándose un descenso en la media de los valores obtenidos desde los 9 hasta los 17,9 años. En varones, los valores del ICC mayores del P90 (asociados a riesgo cardiovascular) estuvieron en el rango 0,87 y 0,93 y en las mujeres entre 0,85 y 0,89. Al comparar los resultados de este estudio, por grupos de edad y sexo, con trabajos internacionales de niños y adolescentes de Europa, Suramérica, Asia y África, se observa que los valores del ICC fueron menores en este estudio en ambos sexos, con excepción de los escolares originarios de Grecia y Venezuela. Conclusiones: Se presentan percentiles del ICC según edad y sexo que podrán ser usados de referencia en la evaluación del estado nutricional y en la predicción del riesgo cardiovascular desde edades tempranas en población de Bogotá, Colombia.

Environmental variation at the onset of independent foraging affects full-grown body mass in the red fox

The period following the withdrawal of parental care has been highlighted as a key developmental period for juveniles. One reason for this is that juveniles cannot forage as competently as adults, potentially placing them at greater risk from environmentally-induced changes in food availability. However, no study has examined this topic. Using a long-term dataset on red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), we examined (i) dietary changes that occurred in the one-month period following the attainment of nutritional independence, (ii) diet composition in relation to climatic variation, and (iii) the effect of climatic variation on subsequent full-grown mass. Diet at nutritional independence contained increased quantities of easy-to-catch food items (earthworms and insects) when compared with pre-independence. Interannual variation in the volume of rainfall at nutritional independence was positively correlated to the proportion of earthworms in cub diet. Pre-independence cub mass and rainfall immediately following nutritional independence explained a significant proportion of variance in full-grown mass, with environmental variation affecting full-grown mass of the entire cohorts. Thus, weather-mediated availability of easy-to-catch food items at a key developmental stage has lifelong implications for the development of juvenile foxes by affecting full-grown mass, which in turn appears to be an important component of individual reproductive potential.

A comparison between feature-based and EM-based contour tracking

Most active-contour methods are based either on maximizing the image contrast under the contour or on minimizing the sum of squared distances between contour and image 'features'. The Marginalized Likelihood Ratio (MLR) contour model uses a contrast-based measure of goodness-of-fit for the contour and thus falls into the first class. The point of departure from previous models consists in marginalizing this contrast measure over unmodelled shape variations. The MLR model naturally leads to the EM Contour algorithm, in which pose optimization is carried out by iterated least-squares, as in feature-based contour methods. The difference with respect to other feature-based algorithms is that the EM Contour algorithm minimizes squared distances from Bayes least-squares (marginalized) estimates of contour locations, rather than from 'strongest features' in the neighborhood of the contour. Within the framework of the MLR model, alternatives to the EM algorithm can also be derived: one of these alternatives is the empirical-information method. Tracking experiments demonstrate the robustness of pose estimates given by the MLR model, and support the theoretical expectation that the EM Contour algorithm is more robust than either feature-based methods or the empirical-information method. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Variation in the FFAR1 gene modifies BMI, body composition and plasma lipids but not plasma insulin or Beta-cell function in overweight subjects

Background FFAR1 receptor is a long chain fatty acid G-protein coupled receptor which is expressed widely, but found in high density in the pancreas and central nervous system. It has been suggested that FFAR1 may play a role in insulin sensitivity, lipotoxicity and is associated with type 2 diabetes. Here we investigate the effect of three common SNPs of FFAR1 (rs2301151; rs16970264; rs1573611) on pancreatic function, BMI, body composition and plasma lipids. Methodology/Principal Findings For this enquiry we used the baseline RISCK data, which provides a cohort of overweight subjects at increased cardiometabolic risk with detailed phenotyping. The key findings were SNPs of the FFAR1 gene region were associated with differences in body composition and lipids, and the effects of the 3 SNPs combined were cumulative on BMI, body composition and total cholesterol. The effects on BMI and body fat were predominantly mediated by rs1573611 (1.06 kg/m2 higher (P = 0.009) BMI and 1.53% higher (P = 0.002) body fat per C allele). Differences in plasma lipids were also associated with the BMI-increasing allele of rs2301151 including higher total cholesterol (0.2 mmol/L per G allele, P = 0.01) and with the variant A allele of rs16970264 associated with lower total (0.3 mmol/L, P = 0.02) and LDL (0.2 mmol/L, P<0.05) cholesterol, but also with lower HDL-cholesterol (0.09 mmol/L, P<0.05) although the difference was not apparent when controlling for multiple testing. There were no statistically significant effects of the three SNPs on insulin sensitivity or beta cell function. However accumulated risk allele showed a lower beta cell function on increasing plasma fatty acids with a carbon chain greater than six. Conclusions/Significance Differences in body composition and lipids associated with common SNPs in the FFAR1 gene were apparently not mediated by changes in insulin sensitivity or beta-cell function.

Are greenhouse gas signals of Northern Hemisphere winter extra-tropical cyclone activity dependent on the identification and tracking algorithm?

For Northern Hemisphere extra-tropical cyclone activity, the dependency of a potential anthropogenic climate change signal on the identification method applied is analysed. This study investigates the impact of the used algorithm on the changing signal, not the robustness of the climate change signal itself. Using one single transient AOGCM simulation as standard input for eleven state-of-the-art identification methods, the patterns of model simulated present day climatologies are found to be close to those computed from re-analysis, independent of the method applied. Although differences in the total number of cyclones identified exist, the climate change signals (IPCC SRES A1B) in the model run considered are largely similar between methods for all cyclones. Taking into account all tracks, decreasing numbers are found in the Mediterranean, the Arctic in the Barents and Greenland Seas, the mid-latitude Pacific and North America. Changing patterns are even more similar, if only the most severe systems are considered: the methods reveal a coherent statistically significant increase in frequency over the eastern North Atlantic and North Pacific. We found that the differences between the methods considered are largely due to the different role of weaker systems in the specific methods.

Variation in genes related to hepatic lipid metabolism and changes in waist circumference and body weight.

We analysed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) tagging the genetic variability of six candidate genes (ATF6, FABP1, LPIN2, LPIN3, MLXIPL and MTTP) involved in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism, an important regulatory site of energy balance for associations with body mass index (BMI) and changes in weight and waist circumference. We also investigated effect modification by sex and dietary intake. Data of 6,287 individuals participating in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition were included in the analyses. Data on weight and waist circumference were followed up for 6.9 ± 2.5 years. Association of 69 tagSNPs with baseline BMI and annual changes in weight as well as waist circumference were investigated using linear regression analysis. Interactions with sex, GI and intake of carbohydrates, fat as well as saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were examined by including multiplicative SNP-covariate terms into the regression model. Neither baseline BMI nor annual weight or waist circumference changes were significantly associated with variation in the selected genes in the entire study population after correction for multiple testing. One SNP (rs1164) in LPIN2 appeared to be significantly interacting with sex (p = 0.0003) and was associated with greater annual weight gain in men (56.8 ± 23.7 g/year per allele, p = 0.02) than in women (-25.5 ± 19.8 g/year per allele, p = 0.2). With respect to gene-nutrient interaction, we could not detect any significant interactions when accounting for multiple testing. Therefore, out of our six candidate genes, LPIN2 may be considered as a candidate for further studies.

Body image dissatisfaction and eating symptoms in mothers of adolescents with eating disorders

The purpose of the present study was to assess body dissatisfaction and eating symptoms in mothers of eating disorder (ED) female patients and to compare results with those of a control group. The case group consisted of 35 mothers of female adolescents (aged between 10 and 17 yrs) diagnosed with ED who attended the Interdisciplinary Project for Care, Teaching and Research on Eating Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence (PROTAD) at Clinicas Hospital Institute of Psychiatry of the Universidade de Sao Paulo Medical School. Demographic and socioeconomic data were collected. Eating symptoms were assessed using the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and body image was assessed by the Body Image Questionnaire (BSQ) and Stunkard Figure Rating Scale (FRS). The case group was compared to a control group consisting of 35 mothers of female adolescents (between 10 and 17 years) who attended a private school in the city of Sao Paulo, southeastern Brazil. With regard to EAT, BSQ and FRS scores, we found no statistically significant differences between the two groups. However, we found a positive correlation between BMI and BSQ scores in the control group (but not in the case group) and a positive correlation between EAT and FRS scores in the case group (but not in the control group). It appears to be advantageous to assess body image by combining more than one scale to evaluate additional components of the construct. (Eating Weight Disord. 15: e219-e225, 2010). (C)2010, Editrice Kurtis

In situ impedance spectroscopy study of the electrochemical corrosion of Ti and Ti-6Al-4V in simulated body fluid at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C

The corrosion resistance of Ti and Ti-6Al-4V was investigated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS, potentiodynamic polarisation curves and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The tests were done in Hank solution at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C. The EIS measurements were done at the open circuit potential at specific immersion times. An increase of the resistance as a function of the immersion time was observed, for Ti (at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C), and for Ti-6Al-4V (at 25 degrees C), which was interpreted as the formation and growth of a passive film on the metallic surfaces. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.