Tomb of Caozhuan, excavated artifact, Heart-shaped Pendant

Hunan. Changsha. Xianjiahu; 25/32 in. x 1 49/64 in.x 5/64 in; jade

Tomb of Liu Hong, excavated artifact, Heart-shaped Pendant

Hunan. Anxiang. Huangshanzhen; 4 41/64 in.x 3 5/32 in.x 13/64 in.; jade

Tomb of Liu Hong, excavated artifact, Heart-shaped Pendant

Hunan. Anxiang. Huangshanzhen; 3 35/64 in.x 2 61/64 in.x 13/64 in.; jade

Tomb, excavated artifact, Heart-shaped pendant

Henan. Luoyang. Train factory; 2 23/64 in.x 3 5/32 in.x 1/8 in.; jade

Tomb, excavated artifact, Heart-shaped pendant, side a

Henan. Luoyang. Train factory; 2 1/4 in.x 2 3/4 in.; jade

Tomb, excavated artifact, Heart-shaped pendant, side b

Henan. Luoyang. Train factory; 2 1/4 in.x 2 3/4 in.; jade

Round Bowl with Floral Openwork (Guyu 3363)

H: 3 45/64 in.; D(mouth): 5 15/16 in.; white jade

Round Bowl with Floral Openwork (Guyu 3363), bottom and detail of openwork

white jade

Small Jue Cup (Guyu 3361), side

2 1/64 in.x 2 29/32 in.x 2 7/16 in.; white jade

Small Jue Cup (Guyu 3361), cloth bag, bottom and side

white jade

Tomb, excavated artifact, Huan ring

Henan. Luoyang. Jianxi; Outer diameter: 3 13/16 in.; jade

Tomb, excavated artifact, Huan ring: detail

Henan. Luoyang. Jianxi; jade

Pounamu, notes on New Zealand greenstone,

Mode of access: Internet.

School of Nursing Class of 2006

Top Row: Rebecca Adams, Leslie Babich, Katherine Banas, Lori Barnett, Stacey Bednarz, Kelly C Berryman, Adam Brieger, Tina Brown, Kimberly Burleigh, Anne Byrne, Julia Carl, Terra Caswell, Angela Chabot, Molly Colgan, Desiree Conyers, Amy Cook, Melissa Cooley, Ashley Cooper, Morgan Cornell

Row 2: Delphine Cornet, Laura Cortina, Casey Cox, Bradley Crow, Lauren D'Agostino, Katelyn Davis, Kara Dendrinos, Rachael Dunckel, Carolyn Ellis, Kristin Ellis

Row 3: Deonna French, Erin Gasser, Amanda George, Michelle Gilmore, Jacquelene Goyett, LaRonda Gracia, Tera Greenberg, Tracy Guzzardo, Amy Hamlin Tapper, Shawn Hathaway

Row 4: Jennifer Heller, Michele Hetfield, Hilary Heuer, Christen Hicks, unknown, Melissa Jenkins, Terri Jobkar, Jennifer Keller, Karissa Kerg, Katherine Kern

Row 5: Keri Kingma, Amanda Kristofik, Brigid Kutner, Melissa LaDuke, Lorraine Law, Katherine Lawler, Allison Ledtke, Corinne Lee

Row 6: Kerrie Lemerand, Kristen Maki, Smith Margaret, Cynthia Mathew, Thomas Mazzocco, Cara McAlpin

Row 7: Lana McCarthy, Erin McKeever, Nicolyn Meek, Patricia Coleman-Burns, Carol Loveland-Cherry, Judith Lynch-Sauer, Ada Sue Hinshaw, Barbara Guthrie, Marge Calarco, Carolyn Sampeselle, Joanne Pohl, Therese Messing, Rachel Milkowski, Renee Miller

Row 8: Andrea S Miller, Stephanie Mizer, Melissa Morgan, Heather Bidgoli, Elisa Brunetto, Jessica Cleghorn, Jade Curry, Ashley Dorow, Megan Finn, Lisa Gruen, Margaret Kelemen, Andrea Munger, Elizabeth Spencer, Mary Vanderweele, Abigail Vertalka, Jackelyn Ng, Phuong Nguyen, Gracia Nicolaescu

Row 9: Laura Norris, Elizabeth Osborn, Lavinia Pacurar, Carly Palmer, Kristine Parish, Jill Patterson, Mary Pepper, David Perout, Michael Pfeifer, Kristin Phillips, Susanne Pickman, Vanessa Polly, Sabrina Porter, Christina Quillan, Lauren Ramoie, Natasha Rivers, Teresa Roberts, Megan Robertson, Byanqa Robinson

Row 10: Mary Rodzik, Kimberly Sanders, Weber Sasha, Rebecca Scheiblauer, Taylor Schmidt, Jacquelyn Schrot, Tanya Shisler, Daniel Shivel, Sophia Shyu, Michelle Skurulsky, Melissa Smalligan, Erin Sorensen, Allison Spinweber, Lindsay Steiger, Natalya Stokely, Karen Stoneburner, Katherine Stout, Stephanie Swihart, Aaron Taylor

Row 11: Lori Thome, Christopher Thuer, Carolyn Trabka, Kathryn Trommbley, Valerie Tumbleson, Stacey Ventola, Dana Verkade, Caitlyn Vert, Angela Videto, Kari Wanless, Abby Wegener, Stephanie Westphal, Eric Williams, Whitney Zachritz, Amber Zemer, Joanna Zizzo, Chelsea Zussman

Substrate specifity of protein kinases and computational prediction of substrates

To ensure signalling fidelity, kinases must act only on a defined subset of cellular targets. Appreciating the basis for this substrate specificity is essential for understanding the role of an individual protein kinase in a particular cellular process. The specificity in the cell is determined by a combination of peptide specificity of the kinase (the molecular recognition of the sequence surrounding the phosphorylation site), substrate recruitment and phosphatase activity. Peptide specificity plays a crucial role and depends on the complementarity between the kinase and the substrate and therefore on their three-dimensional structures. Methods for experimental identification of kinase substrates and characterization of specificity are expensive and laborious, therefore, computational approaches are being developed to reduce the amount of experimental work required in substrate identification. We discuss the structural basis of substrate specificity of protein kinases and review the experimental and computational methods used to obtain specificity information. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.