Film thickness in a ball-on-disc contact lubricated with greases, bleed oils and base oils

Three different lubricating greases and their bleed and base oils were compared in terms of film thickness in a ball-on-disc test rig through optical interferometry. The theoretical values calculated according to Hamrock's equation are in close agreement with the base oil film thickness measurements, which validates the selected experimental methodology. The grease and bleed oil film thickness under fully flooded lubrication conditions presented quite similar behaviour and levels. Therefore, the grease film thickness under full film conditions might be predicted using their bleed oil properties, namely the viscosity and pressure-viscosity coefficient. The base and bleed oil lubricant parameter LP are proportional to the measured film thickness. A relationship between grease and the corresponding bleed oil film thickness was evidenced.

Estabilização dinâmica em patologia degenerativa da coluna lombar: estado da arte e contributo pessoal

Resumo Este trabalho encontra-se dividido em três capítulos distintos. No primeiro, é caracterizada a doença degenerativa lombar, demorando-se o autor na descrição pormenorizada das alterações anatómicas, biomecânicas, e bioquímicas inerentes à sua ocorrência. Segue-se a descrição da evolução das diferentes formas de terapêutica, enumerando as que de forma clássica mais frequentemente são utilizadas (cirúrgicas e não cirúrgicas). No segundo capítulo, são referidos os mais recentes avanços tecnológicos nesta área, mencionando, nas suas vertentes biomecânicas, clínicas e terapêuticas, as particularidades das estabilizações dinâmicas interespinhosas e pediculares, bem como da artroplastia de disco. Após esta longa introdução, inicia-se o terceiro capítulo no qual se apresenta um estudo prospectivo da avaliação clínica, funcional, imagiológica e da variação da densidade mineral óssea vertebral em 20 doentes com patologia degenerativa, tratados com sistemas de estabilização dinâmica semi-rígida interespinhosa, e seguidos durante dois anos. Do estudo realizado conclui-se que os sistemas referidos são eficazes clínica e funcionalmente no tratamento de doentes com doença degenerativa lombar. Mais ainda, estes instrumentais proporcionam um aumento da altura do disco confirmado na incidência radiográfica de perfil no nível instrumentado. Constatámos ainda que a densidade mineral óssea vertebral dos doentes intervencionados, avaliada com sistema DXA, não demonstra diferenças com significância estatística ao longo do tempo, omparativamente à determinada em idêntica população mas sem qualquer patologia lombar. Acresce que se obteve uma correlação entre a funcionalidade física e a BMD radial, com significância estatística crescente nas duas medições realizadas. Abstract This study is divided in three different chapters. In the first one the author describes the anatomical, biomechanical and biochemical changes that go along with degenerative lumbar spine disease. The therapeutically possibilities are mentioned, mainly with the classic fusion and decompression as well as the non surgical options. Then, in the second chapter, the author describes, from the biomechanical, clinical and therapeutically point of view, the new techniques of dynamic stabilization, interspinous and pedicular systems, as well as disc replacement. After this introduction, in the third chapter a prospective clinical, functional, imagiologic and vertebral bone mineral density variation study is presented. Twenty patients with degenerative lumbar spine disease are selected, and operated with a semi rigid interspinous system device, and followed for a two year period. The author concludes that the interspinous semi rigid systems were clinically and functionally effective in lumbar degenerative patients. It was also founded that the disc height at the implant segment level increased after surgery. Bone density was assessed with a DXA system device. As far as vertebral bone density is concerned, the author found no differences what so ever inside the group during the study, or to an identical control group without any lumbar pathology. The correlation study between the BMD and physical function showed that there was only significant statistically data in radial BMD measurement, and this happened with growing correlation from year 2006 to 2007.

Análise e projecto de estruturas para substituição do disco intervertebral

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Exploring motor neuron degeneration in ALS - prevention by glycoursodeoxycholic acid and signaling to microglia

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Genética Molecular e Biomedicina

The Role of the Fbox Protein CG6758 in Xbp1s Induced Retinal Degeneration in Drosophila

The Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) is a signaling pathway that is activated by an accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that causes ER stress. The activation of the UPR aims to restore ER homeostasis by attenuation of ER client protein translation, increased transcription of ER chaperones and ER associated degradation (ERAD) factors. If ER stress is too long or too strong, cells may die. The main signaling branch of the UPR is mediated by the ER transmembrane protein IRE1 and the transcription factor Xbp1. The active, spliced form of Xbp1 (Xbp1spliced) acts as a transcription factor with protective function against toxic protein aggregation. However, overexpression of Xbp1spliced in the developing Drosophila eye causes degeneration of the eye (“glossy” eye phenotype).(...)

Bacterial cellulose as a novel substrate for retinal pigment epithelium cells transplantation in age-related macular degeneration

Tese de Doutoramento em Engenharia Química e Biológica.

Mitral valve repair. Quadrangular resection of the posterior leaflet in patients with myxomatous degeneration

OBJECTIVE - To analyze the immediate and late results of mitral valve repair with quadrangular resection of the posterior leaflet without the use of a prosthetic ring annuloplasty. METHODS - Using this technique, 118 patients with mitral valve prolapse who underwent mitral repair from January '84 through December '96 were studied. Age ranged from 30 to 86 (mean = 59.1±11.8) years and 62.7% were males. An associated surgery was performed in 22% of the patients, and coronary artery bypass graft was the most frequently performed surgery (15 patients - 12.7%). In 20 (16.9%) patients other associated techniques of mitral valve repair were used and shortening of elongated chordae tendineae was the most frequent one (6 patients). RESULTS - Immediate mortality was 0.9% (one patient). Long-term rates for thromboembolism, endocarditis, re-operation and death in the late postoperative period were 0.4%, 0.4%, 1.7% and 2.2% patients/year, respectively. The actuarial curve of survival was 83.8±8.6% over 12 years; survival free from re-operation was 91.8±4.3%, free from endocarditis was 99.2±0.8% and free from thromboembolism was 99.2±0.8%. In the late postoperative period, 93.8% of the patients were in functional class 1 (NYHA), with a complete follow-up in 89.7% of the patients. CONCLUSION - Patients with mitral valve prolapse who undergo mitral valve repair using this technique have a satisfactory prognosis over 12 years.

CD95-induced apoptosis in health and disease dimers at the DISC and the effect of c-FLIP R on L. Monocytogenes infection

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Naturwiss., Diss., 2013

apoptosis-regulator c-FLIP : functional role in urothelial carcinoma and autoimmunity and identification of novel CD95 DISC-interacting proteins

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Naturwiss., Diss., 2013

Weighted Hardy spaces for the unit disc: approximation properties

In this paper we study basic properties of the weighted Hardy space for the unit disc with the weight function satisfying Muckenhoupt's (Aq) condition, and study related approximation problems (expansion, moment and interpolation) with respect to two incomplete systems of holomorphic functions in this space.

Retinal pigment epithelium tears after intravitreal injection of ranibizumab for predominantly classic neovascular membranes secondary to age-related macular degeneration.

PURPOSE: Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tear is an extremely rare complication in patients with classic neovascular membranes without RPE detachment. We evaluate their incidence and functional outcome following treatment with intravitreal ranibizumab. METHODS: Observational study of 72 consecutive patients (74 eyes) treated at Jules Gonin University Eye Hospital, Lausanne, with intravitreal ranibizumab 0.5 mg for classic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) between March 2006 and February 2008. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fundus examination and optical coherence tomography were recorded monthly; fluorescein angiography was performed at baseline and repeated at least every 3 months. RESULTS: RPE tears occurred in four (5.4%) eyes temporal to the fovea, after a mean of four injections (range 3-6). Mean baseline BCVA was 0.25 decimal equivalent (logMAR 0.67) and improved despite the RPE tear to 0.6 decimal equivalent (logMAR 0.22). CONCLUSION: RPE tears following intravitreal ranibizumab injections for classic CNV can occur in about 5% of patients, even in the absence of baseline RPE detachment. Nevertheless, vision may improve provided the fovea is not involved.

NR2E3 mutations in enhanced S-cone sensitivity syndrome (ESCS), Goldmann-Favre syndrome (GFS), clumped pigmentary retinal degeneration (CPRD), and retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

NR2E3, also called photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptor (PNR), is a transcription factor of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily whose expression is uniquely restricted to photoreceptors. There, its physiological activity is essential for proper rod and cone photoreceptor development and maintenance. Thirty-two different mutations in NR2E3 have been identified in either homozygous or compound heterozygous state in the recessively inherited enhanced S-cone sensitivity syndrome (ESCS), Goldmann-Favre syndrome (GFS), and clumped pigmentary retinal degeneration (CPRD). The clinical phenotype common to all these patients is night blindness, rudimental or absent rod function, and hyperfunction of the "blue" S-cones. A single p.G56R mutation is inherited in a dominant manner and causes retinitis pigmentosa (RP). We have established a new locus-specific database for NR2E3 (www.LOVD.nl/eye), containing all reported mutations, polymorphisms, and unclassified sequence variants, including novel ones. A high proportion of mutations are located in the evolutionarily-conserved DNA-binding domains (DBDs) and ligand-binding domains (LBDs) of NR2E3. Based on homology modeling of these NR2E3 domains, we propose a structural localization of mutated residues. The high variability of clinical phenotypes observed in patients affected by NR2E3-linked retinal degenerations may be caused by different disease mechanisms, including absence of DNA-binding, altered interactions with transcriptional coregulators, and differential activity of modifier genes.