Prevalência e fatores associados ao Near Miss Materno: inquérito populacional em uma capital do Nordeste Brasileiro

The scope of this study was to determine the prevalence of near misses and complications during pregnancy and the puerperal period, identifying the main clinical and intervention markers and socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with near misses. It involved a cross-sectional, population-based and probabilistic study with multi-stage complex sampling design conducted in Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. A validated questionnaire was given to 848 women aged 15 to 49 identified in 8,227 households in 60 census sectors. In theanalysis of associations, the Chi-square test applied and calculated the prevalence ratio (PR) with Confidence Interval (CI) of 95% and 5% significance. The prevalence of maternal near misses was 41.1/1000LB, with hospitalization in an Intensive Care Unit (19.1/1000LB) and eclampsia (13.5/1000LB) being the most important markers. The prevalence of complications during pregnancy and the puerperal period was 21.2%. The highest prevalence of near misses was observed in older women, of black/brown race and low socioeconomic status. Conducting population surveys is feasible and may add important information to the study of near misses and the markers highlight the need for enhancing maternal care to reduce health inequality.

Prevalência e fatores associados ao Near Miss Materno: inquérito populacional em uma capital do Nordeste Brasileiro

The scope of this study was to determine the prevalence of near misses and complications during pregnancy and the puerperal period, identifying the main clinical and intervention markers and socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with near misses. It involved a cross-sectional, population-based and probabilistic study with multi-stage complex sampling design conducted in Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. A validated questionnaire was given to 848 women aged 15 to 49 identified in 8,227 households in 60 census sectors. In theanalysis of associations, the Chi-square test applied and calculated the prevalence ratio (PR) with Confidence Interval (CI) of 95% and 5% significance. The prevalence of maternal near misses was 41.1/1000LB, with hospitalization in an Intensive Care Unit (19.1/1000LB) and eclampsia (13.5/1000LB) being the most important markers. The prevalence of complications during pregnancy and the puerperal period was 21.2%. The highest prevalence of near misses was observed in older women, of black/brown race and low socioeconomic status. Conducting population surveys is feasible and may add important information to the study of near misses and the markers highlight the need for enhancing maternal care to reduce health inequality.

Reflexões metodológicas sobre prevalência da fluorose dentária nos inquéritos de saúde bucal

OBJETIVO: Analizar limitaciones del estudio de fluorosis dentaria en pesquisas transversales. MÉTODOS: Se utilizaron datos de estudios de de Condiciones de Salud Bucal de la Población Brasileña (SBBrasil 2003) y de la Investigación Nacional de la Salud Bucal (SBBrasil 2010). La estimativa de tendencia epidemiológica de la fluorosis en la población de 12 años, aspectos de la confiabilidad de los datos, así como la precisión de las estimativas, fueron evaluadas en estas dos investigaciones. La distribución de la prevalencia de la fluorosis fue hecha de acuerdo con los dominios de estudio (capitales y regiones) y el año estudiado. Se expresaron también los intervalos de confianza (IC95%) para la prevalencia simple (sin considerar las fases de la gravedad). RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de la fluorosis dentaria presentó una variación considerable, de 0 a 61% en 2003 y de 0 a 59% en 2010. Se observaron inconsistencias en los datos en términos individuales (por año y por dominio) y en el comportamiento de la tendencia. Considerando la expectativa de prevalencia y los datos disponibles en las dos investigaciones, el tamaño mínimo de la muestra debería ser de 1.500 individuos para obtener intervalos de 3,4% y 6,6% de confianza, considerando un coeficiente de variación mínimo de 15%. Dada la subjetividad en la naturaleza de su clasificación, exámenes de fluorosis dentaria pueden presentar más variación de los realizados para otras condiciones de salud bucal. El poder para establecer diferencias entre los dominios del estudio con la muestra de SBBrasil 2010 es bastante limitado. CONCLUSIONES: No fue posible analizar la tendencia de la fluorosis dentaria en Brasil con base en los estudios de 2003 y 2010; esos datos son sólo indicadores exploratorios de la prevalencia de la fluorosis. La comparación se hace imposible por el hecho de haber sido utilizado modelos de análisis diferentes en las dos pesquisas. La investigación de la fluorosis dentaria en pesquisas de base poblacional no es viable técnica y económicamente, la realización de estudios epidemiológicos localizados con plan de muestreo es más adecuada.

Aspectos metodológicos do Projeto SBBrasil 2010 de interesse para inquéritos nacionais de saúde

The SBBrasil 2010 Project (SBB10) was designed as a nationwide oral health epidemiological survey within a health surveillance strategy. This article discusses methodological aspects of the SBB10 Project that can potentially help expand and develop knowledge in the health field. This was a nationwide survey with stratified multi-stage cluster sampling. The sample domains were 27 State capitals and 150 rural municipalities (counties) from the country's five major geographic regions. The sampling units were census tracts and households for the State capitals and municipalities, census tracts, and households for the rural areas. Thirty census tracts were selected in the State capitals and 30 municipalities in the countryside. The precision considered the demographic domains grouped by density of the overall population and the internal variability of oral health indices. The study evaluated dental caries, periodontal disease, malocclusion, fluorosis, tooth loss, and dental trauma in five age groups (5, 12, 15-19, 35-44, and 65-74 years).

Aspectos metodológicos do Projeto SBBrasil 2010 de interesse para inquéritos nacionais de saúde

The SBBrasil 2010 Project (SBB10) was designed as a nationwide oral health epidemiological survey within a health surveillance strategy. This article discusses methodological aspects of the SBB10 Project that can potentially help expand and develop knowledge in the health field. This was a nationwide survey with stratified multi-stage cluster sampling. The sample domains were 27 State capitals and 150 rural municipalities (counties) from the country's five major geographic regions. The sampling units were census tracts and households for the State capitals and municipalities, census tracts, and households for the rural areas. Thirty census tracts were selected in the State capitals and 30 municipalities in the countryside. The precision considered the demographic domains grouped by density of the overall population and the internal variability of oral health indices. The study evaluated dental caries, periodontal disease, malocclusion, fluorosis, tooth loss, and dental trauma in five age groups (5, 12, 15-19, 35-44, and 65-74 years).

Magnitude da morbidade relacionada ao trabalho no Rio Grande do Norte

Diseases and disorders related to work sets up an important public health problem in Brazil and worldwide. However, the reality of these diseases still constitutes a gap with regard to its characterization and epidemiological situation, especially in Brazil. In this context, this study aims to analyze the magnitude of morbidity related to work from the injuries and illnesses reported by Health the Diseases Notifiable of Health of the State Public River Health Department worker Reference Center Information System services Grande do Norte from 2007 to 2014. It is ecological study, quantitative cross-sectional study in which the analysis unit of the municipalities of Rio Grande do Norte. Data were collected from the state base of Diseases Notifiable Information System Centre of the Secretariat of State Workers' Health Reference Public Health of Rio Grande do Norte, between March and June 2015, after the approval of the Committee of Ethics in Research of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Opinion 014/2014. The population was represented by the universe of cases of diseases and disorders related to work that were reported and shut down the system from 2007 to 2014. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, presented in tables, graphs, charts and figures. For this, we used the Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS version 20.0. To check the significance level we opted for the application of the chi-square or Fisher tests. We adopted the significance level of p <0.05. Of the 10,161 cases of diseases related to the reported work, the biological work accidents had the highest percentage (52.84%) followed by serious occupational accidents (37.49%). For diseases, the highlights were musculoskeletal (4.82%), mental disorders (2.19%) and exogenous intoxication (1.97%). Among men, there was a predominance of major accidents (91.80%), mental disorders (70.00%) and exogenous poisoning (52.84%). Women were most affected by biological accidents (77.50%) and musculoskeletal diseases (64.10%). Among workers who have suffered injuries predominated mulatto (%), mean age of 35.86 years, low education (%) and workers in the formal sector (%). Among the accidents, biological (n = 5,369) accounted for 52.84% of cases occurred predominantly among nursing professionals (48.31%). The percutaneous exposure was the most frequent (73.05%) and the occurrence of circumstances was improper disposal of sharps (45.28%), the needle the most common agent (66.62%) and the organic material was blood (72.99%). Most injured workers were vaccinated against hepatitis B (68.13%), but no information as to the assessment of the vaccine response. In the course of the disease predominated ignored the situation with loss of monitoring of clinical follow-up (55.62%). There was also an increase in the notification of serious industrial accidents predominantly male (91.80%) workers aged 25-44 years (54.3%) and typical accidents (76.3%). The temporary disability was the most common outcome (55.53%) and hand the most affected part (33.00%); the mining and construction industry had the highest number of cases (25.1%) in registered employee (34.2%). The findings of this study show a positive result in relation to increased mandatory reporting of injuries and illnesses related to work together to health services that meet victimized workers, towards the occurrence of knowledge of these accidents for decision making in public plans and policies of health. However, the information system still needs improvement in both the coverage and the quality of the data to demonstrate with greater reliability the magnitude of events to support the planning of workers' health into shares in the state.

Morbidade e mortalidade

Material utilizado na página 14 da unidade 1 do Curso Autoinstrucional de Capacitação em Atenção Integral à Saúde da Criança I, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA e voltado para médicos que atuam na Atenção Básica. Este material explica a diferença entre morbidade e mortalidade.

FATORES DE RISCO E CO-MORBIDADE DA HIPERTENSÃO ARTERIAL EM PACIENTES DA ÁREA DE COHAB NOVA DE CÁCERES/MT

O presente projeto de intervenção trabalha com os fatores de risco e co-morbidade da Hipertensão Arterial em pacientes da área de Cohab Nova, Cáceres/MT. Tendo em vista que a prevenção mediante a promoção em saúde é uma estratégia fundamental para alcançar o objetivo principaldireito nas ações do nosso plano de ação ferramentas(Atividades interativas e educativas, avaliação medica profunda) que disponibilizam alcançar resultado positivos na mudança dos pensamentos e hábitos errados que nossos pacientes aplicam no seu diário viver. Fica indispensável falar que dentro dos principais problemas encontrado esta um padrão alimentar errado sendo este pé para outros riscos marcados como a hipercolesterolêmica, obesidade entre outros. A necessidade de abordar esta temática da hipertensão arterial nasceu dos níveis registrados dos casos cadastrados em nosso ESF, junto com isso destaca-se que hoje são observadas inúmeras internações decorrentes por não adesão à terapêutica anti-hipertensiva, dando como consequência Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE), Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio (IAM) e outros de cunho cardiovascular. Pode-se concluir que é necessário garantir que o paciente sinta-se sensibilizado ante a realidade de sua saúde assim como o controle do risco definido para quem esta propensa a desarrolhar esta doença. Um trabalho que só foi possível em conjunto equipe de saúde, comunidade, famílias e pacientes.

PREVALÊNCIA DAS PRINCIPAIS CAUSAS DA MORBIDADE E MORTALIDADE NA POPULAÇÃO IDOSA

Muitas pessoas acreditam que os idosos hoje representam indivíduos apenas que dão despesas, e que são incapazes de produzir. Na terceira idade sofremos perdas físicas, psicológicas, sociais e econômicas. Sendo assim, neste projeto vai apresentar uma intervenção com a população de idosos moradores no povoado Guajeru, microrregião do sudoeste do estado Bahia, e terá como objetivo promover o envelhecimento ativo e saudável com abordagem da prevalência das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade nesta faixa etária. Foi criado um grupo de idosos de 1619 pessoas pertencentes as duas unidades básicas de saúde do povoado Guajeru, que encontram-se cadastradas e delas, 737 são mulheres e 882 do sexo masculino.Com o uso dos prontuários foi feita a identificação da população idosa frágil o em processo de fragilização assim como os portadores de doenças crônicas, determinando as doenças com maior prevalência nesta faixa etária. A traves do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade identificamos as principais causas de mortalidade vendo a coincidência dos dados com nossa realidade. Através da realidade encontrada em o território, minha equipe de saúde e eu, trabalhamos em o desenvolvimento do plano de ação para promover a saúde da população idosa abordando também temas como: caraterísticas do envelhecimento, mitos da terceira idade, saúde e alimentação, ganhos e perdas da terceira idade e palestras ministradas por convidados na área da saúde. Pretendemos lograr a diminuição ou modificação dos fatores de risco presentes nesta população assim como o controle adequado de suas doenças crônicas visando o envelhecimento com a preservação da autonomia e independência física e psíquica da população idosa aumentando a expectativa de uma vida saudável para todas as pessoas que estão envelhecendo.

Projeto de intervenção em hipertensão arterial na área de abrangência da UBS "Padre Liberio" do município de Pará de Minas/MG

A Hipertensão Arterial Sistémica é uma condição clínica multifatorial, caracterizada por níveis elevados da pressão arterial, frequentemente associada a alterações de órgãos alvo e, por conseguinte, a aumento do risco de eventos cardiovasculares. Inquéritos populacionais em cidades brasileiras apontaram prevalência de Hipertensão em indivíduos com 18 a 59 anos de idade, entre 20 e 30%, percentual que atinge 50% na faixa etária de 60 a 69 anos e 75% em indivíduos com idade acima de 70 anos (MENDES, 2011). Em Minas Gerais, a SES/MG estima prevalência de Hipertensão na ordem de 20% em sua população com idade igual ou superior a 20 anos. Os casos de hipertensão arterial na comunidade assistida pela UBS "Padre Líberio" também apresentam preocupação. A comunidade mantém estilo de vida não saudável, consumo aumentado de sal na alimentação, ingestão excessiva de álcool e tabagismo exacerbado, dieta hipercalórica e sedentarismo. O presente estudo tem como objetivo elaborar um plano de intervenção identificando os fatores determinantes do aumento de hipertensos residentes na área de abrangência com intuito de diminuir os casos de HA e riscos associados. Diante ao método do Planejamento Estratégico Situacional, elaborou-se um projeto de intervenção a partir de três etapas: o diagnóstico situacional em saúde, a revisão de literatura e a elaboração do plano operativo. Este trabalho vai a contribuir para que a Equipe de saúde perceba quais são os principais fatores predisponentes (modificáveis e não modificáveis) de aumento da hipertensão na comunidade para fazer intervenções através do plano de ação. Espera-se que este Projeto possibilite a redução da morbidade e mortalidade relacionada aos hipertensos da Unidade Básica de Saúde, assim como a melhora na qualidade de vida dos mesmos.

Complicações imediatas e tardias após cirurgia de reservatório ileal na polipose adenomatosa familiar

BACKGROUND: Restorative proctocolectomy is the procedure of choice to treat familial adenomatous polyposis, however it can be associated to short-term and long-term postoperative complications. AIM: To evaluate the occurrence of complications related to the surgical treatment of familial adenomatous polyposis with ileal pouch technique. METHODS: Retrospective study of 69 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis after rectocolectomy with ileal reservoir between 1984 and 2006, operated on Coloproctology Group, Medical Sciences Faculty, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil. The median follow-up period was 82 (2-280) months. Data obtained were surgical techniques and postoperative complications. RESULTS: The morbidity and mortality were 63.8% and 2.9%, respectively. The most frequent complications were small-bowel obstruction (17.4%), anastomotic stricture (15.9%) and pelvic sepsis (10.1%). Acute ischemia of the ileal pouch (4.3%), pouchitis (2.9%) and ileal pouch-related fistula (2.9%) had poorer frequency than others. CONCLUSIONS: The morbid-mortality was similar to the literature?s data and it is acceptable for a complex surgery in two terms like the ileal reservoir-anal anastomosis. The small-bowel obstruction was the most frequent complication. However, ischemia of the reservoir, pouchitis and pelvic sepsis were important complications and was related to the failure of the ileal reservoir.

Saúde dos adolescentes: um estudo de base populacional em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil

We estimated the prevalence of chronic diseases and other health problems reported by adolescents in relation to social and demographic variables and nutritional status. This cross-sectional population-based survey analyzed data from the Health Survey in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil, 2008. We used descriptive statistics and associations between variables with the chisquare test. Prevalence of chronic diseases among adolescents was 19.17%, with asthma showing the highest prevalence (7.59%), followed by heart disease (1.96%), hypertension (1.07%), and diabetes 0.21%. Prevalence rates were 61.53% for health problems, 40.39% for allergy, and 24.83% for frequent headache or migraine. After multivariate analysis using Poisson regression, the factors associated with chronic disease were age 15 to 19 years (PR = 1.38), not attending school (PR = 1.46), having children (PR = 1.84), and obesity (PR = 1.54). Female gender (PR = 1.12) was statistically associated with health problems. The study illustrates that adolescence is a life stage in which chronic disease and health problems can occur.

Factors associated with the prevalence of hypertension and control practices among elderly residents of São Paulo city, Brazil

The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of hypertension and control practices among the elderly. The survey analyzed data from 872 elderly people in São Paulo, Brazil, through a cluster sampling, stratified according to education and income. A Poisson multiple regression model checked for the existence of factors associated with hypertension. The prevalence of self-reported hypertension among the elderly was 46.9%. Variables associated with hypertension were self-rated health, alcohol consumption, gender, and hospitalization in the last year, regardless of age. The three most common measures taken to control hypertension, but only rarely, are oral medication, routine salt-free diet and physical activity. Lifestyle and socioeconomic status did not affect the practice of control, but knowledge about the importance of physical activity was higher among those older people with higher education and greater income. The research suggests that health policies that focus on primary care to encourage lifestyle changes among the elderly are necessary.