School desegregation in Broward County, Florida, 1970--1998: A historical study of power

This is a historical case study on school desegregation and power in Broward County, Florida from 1970 to 1998. The purpose of this study is to describe, explain and analyze types of power used by the School Board of Broward County, Florida and community activists, in their efforts to influence desegregation decisions from 1970 to 1998. In addition, this study explains who benefited and who won from the School Board's desegregation decisions and who governed those decisions? ^ A historical case study approach was used as the method for conducting this study. Data sources included 11 interviews of individuals who were involved in school desegregation issues as either School Board officials or community activists and 10 archival data sources. ^ The theoretical models of Russell, Galbraith, Wartenberg and Domhoff were used to determine the different types of power techniques used by School Board officials and community activists and to answer the questions: who benefited and who won from the School Board's desegregation decisions and who governed those policies and practices? ^ The primary beneficiaries of school desegregation policies and practices in Broward County were: white, affluent communities and the builders, developers, realtors and other businesses in the western suburban communities. All of the data sources indicated that the black community did not benefit from the School Board's desegregation policies. ^ The primary power techniques used by School Board officials to influence desegregation policies and practices was “power over opinions” and compensation. These power techniques were manifested by the School Board publicly disputing the allegations raised by community activists and by compensating those who supported and promoted the School Board's desegregation policies and practices. ^ The power techniques primarily used by community activists were coercive force and “power over opinions.” They effectively used these power techniques to change the School Board's policies and practices they felt were detrimental to black children and the black community. ^ Based on the analysis of the qualitative data, it can be concluded that black children did not benefit from school desegregation in Broward County, Florida and the community continues to suffer residual effects from past desegregation policies and practices. ^

A comparative study of high -achieving and low -achieving African -American students in an urban setting

The purpose of this study was to delineate which demographic and school variables were important for predicting the achievement of 10th grade African-American students. The sample population was divided into two groups: high-achievers, students with GPAs of 3.5 or higher, and low-achievers, students with GPAs of 1.5 or lower. Variables examined in the study included: gender; birth place; student's native language; exceptionality (ESE); history of English proficiency (LEP); SES (lunch status) in elementary and high school; the percentage of the Black student population in high school; and suspensions, absences, tardies, and the Stanford Achievement Test (SAT) scores in reading comprehension, mathematics computation, and mathematics applications in elementary and middle school. Two separate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine which variables were influential in predicting achievement.^ Analysis 1 (N = 366), which included all the variables, except the SAT percentile scores, correctly classified 87% of the students as high-achievers or low-achievers. The results from Analysis 1 revealed that students who--were female; spoke a language other than English as their first language; did not apply for free or reduced lunch in elementary school; were in the gifted program; had no absences or tardies in elementary school; had no suspensions or tardies in middle school; and attended a high school with a lower percentage of Black students--were more likely to be high-achieving than low-achieving.^ Analysis 2 (N = 274) included all the variables and resulted in 94% of the students being correctly classified. It was found that students who--were female; were currently or previously classified as Limited English Proficient (LEP); did not apply for free or reduced lunch in elementary school; had no suspensions or tardies in middle school; and had higher percentile scores in reading comprehension and mathematics computation on the SAT in middle school--were more likely to high-achieving than low-achieving.^ The quantitative analyses were coupled with interviews from a purposeful sample of the population (N = 12) to gain additional insight about why some African-American students are succeeding in our schools and others are not. This study provides a viable means for assessing African-American students' achievement patterns in our schools. ^

A educação como instrumento na construção do imaginário republicano: Grupo Escolar Barão de Mipibu (1909-1920)

The purpose of this study is to search the school group Barão de Mipibú/RN, which is located in a city called São José de Mipibú. The aim of this work is to discuss about the use of education as a tool for the formation of the republican imaginary society norte-riograndense. We defined a period from 1909 through 1920. The choice of this work is about how this could be important to the Brazilian History of Education and local, as well as for Cultural History and extends to studies of everyday school life and history of school disciplines. Their achievement was through bibliography search and document analysis. The first was through a review of bibliography on the national and local historiography about the School Groups and productions of the Brazilian Republic. The last one, through the following sources, namely, just the same building of the school group Barão de Mipibú, furniture inventories, class daily, terms of visits of Education Directors and reports of the Directors, book Our History by Rocha Pombo, Educational Legislation, Legislative Congress posts, the decree of creation of School Groups, in particular Barão de Mipibú and the Group Model Augusto Severo, as well as the internal statute and finally, interviews with Alumni of the 50s. The study is inserted in the history of education and as the theoretical to assist in the analysis of sources on the imagination of the study, we looked for support in Jacques Le Goff (1994), Bronislaw Bazcko (1985), Cornelius Castoriadis (1982). At the end of this work it was possible to get the understanding that the Republican government found in the educational Field, one way to spread their ideals and collaboration in building the social Imaginary of the republic, which was constituted in the early twentieth century.

O nascimento de uma política pública: das articulações à formulação do PRONERA

This work aims at reconstructing the formulation process of PRONERA (National Program of Education in Agrarian Reform). A public policy that had its first ideas conceived within social movements and afterwards, made possible by diligences of then government. Therefore, the Program was rendered in a partnership among State, social movement, public institutions, and non-governmental organizations. As a goal, we intend to grasp both what motivated the choice for this proposal as a strategy to face educational problems in rural areas and how the actors, entities involved in this enterprise and the social-political context have influenced its formulation and entry in the governmental agenda as Public Policy. Thus, we reconstruct the history and education policy of and in rural areas. Besides, we seek to understand the context of PRONERA's conception, the factors that have influenced its creation and the actors' performances in the process. It is assumed that under the 1988 Constitution, civil society was provided with legal conditions for the active participation in political process and, consequently, in the public policy-making. We conclude, then, that PRONERA was the result of the crossing of three different flows (problems, solutions and policies) advocated by the Kingdon model. As a result, this analytical repertoire was useful to explain PRONERA’s entry in the government agenda, helping to understand how the chances of this social demand increased with an action from the politic community. It allowed its way in the government agenda as well as its becoming a public policy.

Patterns in personal experience narratives: storytelling at cod harbour - a Newfoundland fishing community

This study is concerned with storytelling as a part of the folk culture of a fishing community on the north east coast of Newfoundland. The study is based on field work done in the community throughout the summer of 1969 during which I tape recorded oral narratives along with other folklore and folklife material . The principal genre discussed is the personal experience narrative which is an account of the experiences of either the narrator, someone in his kin network, orhis friends. It was found that a large number of community residents communicate in narrative form and that the narratives function to substantiate conversation preceeding the narrativei have a didactic function; function as a means of entertainment~ and reflect the narrators' and the community's value system. The methods employed in collecting the material were the directive and the non-directive interview techniques and participant observation. Collecting was done mainly among fishermen between fifty and eighty years of age and who, on -the average, had not gone beyond the sixth grade in school. Since the narratives are so much a part of the environment, I give an account of the community culture. The principal things that I deal with are the community's history, economy, education, religion, and social life which includes rites of passage, calendar customs , social events, visiting patterns, and gossip. Information in each of these categories is based primarily on oral reports, narratives and documented materials. After a discussion of the storytelling process in the community, I deal specifically with four male narrators. For each I give biographical information, discuss his repertoire, telling situations, style, and give a sampling of his narratives. The fourth narrator is discussed in more detail than the first three. The narratives of the latter comprise the final chapter in the study, and have been analyzed to show what they tell us about the narrator's style, his value system, and the community culture.

Common Bound: The Small Groups of Methodism

The system of small groups John Wesley established to promote a proper life of discipleship in early Methodist converts was, in many respects, the strength of the Methodist movement. Those who responded to Wesley’s initial invitation to “flee the wrath to come” were organized into large gatherings called “societies,” which were then subdivided into smaller bands, class meetings, select societies, and penitent bands. The smaller groups gave Wesley the opportunity, through a system of appointed leaders, to keep track of the spiritual progress of every member in his movement, which grew to tens of thousands by the time of his death in 1791. As Methodism shifted from renewal movement to institutional church in the nineteenth century, however, growth slowed, and participation in such groups declined rapidly. By the early twentieth century, classes and bands were virtually extinct in every sector of Methodism save the African-American tradition. In recent years, scholars in various sectors of the Wesleyan tradition, particularly David Lowes Watson and Kevin Watson, have called for a recovery of these small groups for purposes of renewal in the church. There is no consensus, however, concerning what exactly contributed to the vitality of these groups during Wesley’s ministry.

Over the last century, sociological studies of group dynamics have revealed three common traits that are crucial to highly functioning groups: interdependence created by the existence of a common goal, interaction among group members that is “promotive” or cooperative in nature, and high levels of feedback associated with personal responsibility and individual accountability. All three of these were prevalent in the early Methodist groups. Interdependence existed around a shared goal, which for Wesley and the Methodists was holiness. That interdependence was cooperative in nature; individuals experienced the empowering grace of God as they each pursued the goal in the company of fellow pilgrims. Finally, the groups existed for purposes of feedback and accountability as individuals took responsibility both for themselves and others as they progressed together toward the goal of holy living. Wesley seemed to instinctively understand the essential nature of each of these characteristics in maintaining the vitality of the movement when he spoke of the importance of preserving the “doctrine, spirit and discipline” of early Methodism. Analysis of some of the present-day attempts to restore Wesley’s groups reveals frequent neglect to one or more of these three components. Perhaps most critical to recovering the vitality of the early Methodist groups will be reclaiming the goal of sanctification and coming to a consensus on what its pursuit means in the present day.

Historiemedvetande, historiska medier och historieundervisning

I ljuset av samtidens förändrade medielandskap och samhällsgrundade spänningar om historieframställningar framstår de historiska mediernas roll i dagens och historiens historieämne i ungdomsskolan som en historiedidaktiskt angelägen fråga. Med denna fråga i fokus utformades forskarskolan Historiska medier: forskarskola i historia med didaktisk inriktning i början av 2011. I denna antologi ges en samlad presentation av elva studier från forskarskolan som berör de historiska mediernas roll, funktion, villkor och användning. Studierna bidrar till den historiedidaktiska forskningen, och erbjuder också verksamma och blivande historielärare en möjlighet att utveckla sin kunskap om hur medier påverkar undervisning och lärande i historia.

Hechtius 1795/98 - der Gedanke der Transnationalität in der ersten Schrift zur Vergleichenden Erziehungswissenschaft

Der 1795-1798 verfasste Text "De re scholastica Anglica cum Germanica comparata" (Über das englische Schulwesen im Vergleich zum deutschen) des sächsischen Rektors Friedrich August Hecht ist die erste bekannte Schrift zur Vergleichenden Erziehungswissenschaft. Ihre zentrale Materialgrundlage bilden englische und deutsche Schulbücher für Latein- und Gelehrtenschulen. Aus deutschsprachiger Sekundärliteratur übernimmt Hecht darüber hinaus Informationen über schulorganisatorische, curriculare und didaktische Besonderheiten der englischen Public Schools Westminster und Eton, und setzt sie zu den ihm aus eigener Praxis bekannten deutschen (sächsischen) Schulverhältnissen in Beziehung. Der Gedanke der Transnationalität im Bildungsbereich, der sich aktuell etwa im Begriff von transnationalen Bildungsräumen ausdrückt, hat bei Hecht der Sache nach drei Anknüpfungspunkte: die bildungspolitische Wirksamkeit transnationaler Herrscherfamilien, die gemeineuropäische Bedeutung der Gebildeten- und Gelehrtensprache Latein und die nationübergreifende Dimension des humanistischen Bildungskanons. Das alte Europa kannte Nationen und Staaten, aber es kannte noch keine Nationalstaaten. Die Deutschen sind für Hecht noch eine alteuropäische Nation, die Engländer dagegen auf dem Wege zur oder sind schon Staatsnation. Die Vergleichende Erziehungswissenschaft entsteht mit Hechts Schrift in einer Situation, da die alte transnationale Ordnung der Nationen und Staaten in die neue internationale Ordnung der Nationalstaaten übergeht. (DIPF/Orig.)

The revolution in school or a school in revolution. About a recent essay

Recensão crítica do livro "PINTASSILGO, Joaquim, org. - O 25 de Abril e a educação: discursos, práticas e memórias docentes. Lisboa: Edições Colibri, 2014. ISBN: 978‐989‐689‐434‐4.”

Erich Wenigers Militärpädagogik in später Wahrnehmung. Eine Zwischenbilanz

Der Autor legt dar, welches außergewöhnliche Gewicht den Schriften Wenigers zu Militär und Pädagogik in seinem Werk zukommt, und diskutiert den Forschungsstand. Wenigers Ansichten zum Krieg als Bildungserlebnis werden ebenso erörtert wie die Frage nach der Vereinbarkeit von Militärpädagogik und der Idee einer Autonomie der Erziehung. Ohne die Erschließung neuer Quellen wird die Debatte aber nicht weiterkommen. (DIPF/Orig.)

Reformpädagogik - ein Rekonstruktions- und Rezeptionsproblem

Die deutsche Reformpädagogik (bzw. die Reformpädagogische Bewegung) hat sich selber synchron reflektiert (in der Abteilung „Aus der Pädagogischen Bewegung" in der Zeitschrift „Die Erziehung") und vor 1933 kodifiziert (vor allem im „Handbuch der Pädagogik" von Nohl und Pallat) . Sie hat sich nach 1945 mehrfach traditionalisiert, vor allem in der Quellensammlung von W. Flitner und G. Kudritzki sowie in den Darstellungen von W. Scheibe und H. Rohrs (Herrmann 1991). Eine Selbsthistorisierung, wie sie W. Flitner vorgenommen hat, war eher die Ausnahme. Kontrovers wurde die Beschäftigung mit der deutschen Reformpädagogik, als sie sowohl für die Epoche vor 1914 als auch nach 1933 sowie international kontextualisiert wurde, und entsprechend ambivalent oder die bisherige Sichtweise kritisch-korrigierend fielen die Revisionen und Bilanzen aus (Ullrich 1990; Oelkers 1993; Grunder 1993 a,b; Koerrenz 1993; Schmitt 1993). [Dieses Heft setzt die Debatte fort] mit Beiträgen zur Rekonstruktion „der" Reformpädagogik bzw. unserer Sichtweise(n) auf ihre zentralen Annahmen und Aussagen (Oelkers, Koerrenz, Tenorth). (DIPF/Orig.)

"Reformpädagogik" als Systembegriff

„Reformpädagogik" diente bislang ausschließlich zur Kennzeichnung einer historischen Epoche. Eine kritische Analyse dieser Voraussetzung heutiger Debatten scheint gerade angesichts der neueren Publikationen zum Thema geboten. In einer Art Perspektivenwechsel wird die Verwendung von „Reformpädagogik" als ein für die Pädagogik in der Moderne notwendiger Systembegriff vorgeschlagen und begründet. Dabei wird bei der Struktur der Erziehungswissenschaft von der Polarität zwischen „Reform"/„Idealismus" auf der einen und „Erfahrung" auf der anderen Seite ausgegangen. Die Verwendung von „Reformpädagogik" als Systembegriff ermöglicht letztlich zweierlei: (1) eine veränderte Analyse des tradierten reformpädagogischen Erbes unter Einbezug von Johann Amos Comenius und Heinz-Joachim Heydorn sowie (2) die Einsicht in die Notwendigkeit einer permanenten Diskussion über Ziele und Wege gegenwärtiger pädagogischer Reform. (DIPF/Orig.)

Bruch und Kontinuität. Zum Modernisierungseffekt der Reformpädagogik

Untersucht wird die Frage, ob, und wenn ja, in welchem Sinne die internationale Reformpädagogik nach 1890 eine neue Ära gewesen ist. Anhand einer vergleichenden Literaturanalyse werden zunächst die Modernisierungsbehauptungen verschiedener reformpädagogischer Autoren nachgewiesen, bevor dann die Kontinuierung der Tradition beschrieben und am Schluß die typische reformpädagogische Semantik mit tatsächlichen Modernisierungseffekten im Bildungssystem zusammengebracht wird. Die These definiert einen paradoxen Tatbestand: Sehr traditionelle Motive und Denkbilder der Pädagogik des 19. Jahrhunderts werden in theoretisch wie empirisch neue Kontexte urbaner Großstadterfahrung übersetzt, ohne ihre reformprägende Kraft zu verlieren. (DIPF/Orig.)