The Programme for Integrated Development of Artisanal Fisheries in West Africa

The Programme for Integrated Development of Artisanal Fisheries in West Africa (IDAF) was initiated in 1983 to help some 20 coastal states from Mauritiana to Angola which wished to develop and manage their artisanal fisheries through participatory and integrated approaches. IDAF was initially financed by Denmark and Norway. The second phase of the programme which started in January 1989 and its third phase, July 1984 are entirely financed by Denmark through the Danish International Development Assistance (DANIDA). IDAF objectives and activities to meet its goals are briefly discussed together with its beneficiaries and accomplishments.

Deleterious effects of non-native species introduced into Lake Victoria, East Africa

Lake Victoria, in East Africa, has suffered from introductions and invasions of non-native species such as Lates niloticus, various tilapiine species, and Eichornia crassipes since the 1950s. These have had a devastating effect on the natural biological communities. This paper reviews the effects of the introductions on ecology, environment, fisheries and the local human population.

River fisheries in Africa: their relationship to flow regimes

River fisheries in Africa are important because of their contribution of animal protein to human diets. Such fisheries are highly dependent on hydrological regimes and show considerable year-to-year variation in response to natural climatic events. River flow regimes are being increasingly altered by withdrawals by man, principally for agriculture. The modification of hydrological regimes is leading to diminishing catches of fish and changes in the number and size of the species caught. Given that the trend to remove water from rivers for agriculture and power generation will continue, better appraisals of the impacts of such withdrawals are urgently needed so the policies for water allocation can be better defined. The development of tools to aid in such decision-making is equally important.

Polaridade regional e percepção de ameaças: comparando as políticas de defesa de África do Sul, Brasil e Índia

Tendo como pressuposto teórico a regionalização das questões de segurança internacional no pós Guerra Fria, esta dissertação objetiva realizar uma análise comparativa da Política de Defesa de três potências regionais, quais sejam, África do Sul, Brasil e Índia, identificando percepção de ameaça no âmbito das suas políticas de defesa. Para fazê-lo, fez-se necessário ter em consideração as capacidades materiais (inspirado no neorrealismo e realismo neoclássico), e os aspectos relativos à percepção de ameaças, numa dimensão ampliada dos estudos de segurança (inspirados pela Escola de Copenhague). Com isso em mente, este trabalho lida com a literatura sobre a segurança regional e as potências regionais, a qual se baseia em vários pressupostos teóricos Neorrealistas, Realistas Neoclássicos e da Escola de Copenhague. A proposição heurística que guia este trabalho é, dado que a percepção de ameaça externa vem de uma leitura, feita pelo Estado, do seu contexto regional, um Estado com baixo nível de ameaças externas tende a vincular de forma mais intensiva de segurança com o desenvolvimento. As fontes utilizadas são dados quantitativos (Composite Index of National Capabilities do projeto Correlates of War), que permitem avaliar a distribuição de capacidades materiais em três regiões (América do Sul, África do Sul, e no Sul da Ásia) e, principalmente, as políticas declaratórias de defesa, os documentos que carregam percepção dos Estados em relação à segurança. Na comparação dos casos, dois aspectos são o foco para a análise do discurso de segurança: as percepções de segurança sobre as suas regiões, o nexo entre segurança e desenvolvimento.

Notas sobre o Rupestre Contemporâneo, Nadam Guerra e 10 anos do Grupo UM

Esta dissertação foi elaborada a partir do livro Rupestre Contemporâneo, Nadam Guerra e 10 anos do Grupo UM, que integrou a exposição de mesmo nome realizada em outubro e novembro de 2013 na Galeria de Arte do IBEU com Curadoria de Bernardo Mosqueira. Nesta exposição individual de Nadam Guerra foram apresentadas obras em parceria de Nadam Guerra com Leo Liz, Aline Elias, Euclides Terra, Domingos Guimaraens e Juca Amélio. O texto é construído na forma de diálogo entre os artistas do Grupo UM e convidados pensando a produção e o histórico do grupo além de temas das práticas artísticas atuais como criação coletiva, diluição da identidade, alterego, escritas de si, convergência de linguagem artísticas, arte, vida, ficção, os modos de produção e circulação da arte no mundo. Ao que se acrescenta mais duas camadas de discurso nas notas de pé de página e em comentários laterais criando um texto polifônico de teoria de artista.

Controle social no Brasil recente: Neoliberalismo, guerra às drogas e Estado penal

No final do século XX, observamos a restruturação produtiva do capital sob a concepção neoliberal. As transformações econômicas impactariam a estrutura do Estado, o modo de controle social, bem como a função do cárcere na sociedade. A hipertrofia do Estado penal ganha novos agravantes com a política de guerra às drogas, declarada pelos EUA na década de 1970. A combinação destes ingredientes impactaram a forma de vigiar e punir a classe trabalhadora no Brasil, com o aumento da repressão e criminalização da pobreza. As heranças históricas de desigualdade social e racial agravam o controle sobre as classes perigosas. A violência urbana torna-se uma verdadeira questão social com a crescente militarização da política de segurança pública do Rio de Janeiro, em particular. Todas estas questões nos levam a pesquisar a história da consolidação do atual modelo de controle social e criminalização da pobreza no Brasil recente no contexto de guerra às drogas.

Synthesis of aquaculture policy and development approaches in Africa

The WorldFish Center was tasked to undertake a study to access, collate and develop background materials to produce an internationally linked and Africa-wide perspective on sectorally relevant policy issues. The specific objective of the study was to assess and define conditions and impact pathways, in Africa or elsewhere, where markets, policies, resources and technologies have combined to promote steady and sustainable growth of aquaculture, and where have been clear direct impacts on food supply, income, employment and consumption opportunities, as well as increase in supply that has led to stabilised prices. The study was also aimed at providing guidelines for scaling up the implementation of the synthesis study via Afri-FishNet (CAADP Fish Expert Pools) at the national and regional levels.

Swimming crab Callinectes amnicola (Decapoda-Portunidae) capture analysis of a lagoon with high continental influence (Aby Lagoon, Cote d'Ivoire, West Africa)

The study describes the main causes of captures and productions decreasing of swimming crab Callinectes amnicola (Decapoda Portunidae) in Aby lagoon complex. For that, docks of two Sub Prefectures of Adiaké and Assini-Mafia respectively including the villages of Adiaké, Anga, Assomlan, Epleman, Aby and Man-Man, M'Bratty, Assini-Ngouankro and Assini-Mafia were studied from 2006 to 2009 and completed with previous results obtained from 1988 to 2005. Field investigators were identified by site/village and they recorded daily activities of fishermen (number of effective fishermen, number of gears and area of fishing, duration of fishing, types and quantity of bait) and landing of swimming crabs. During recent period of the study, total production decreased from 3742 tons in 2006 to 1500 tons in 2009. Matrix correlations and correlation analysis indicated that this downward trend was due to the increase of the number of fishermen, number of fishing gear, the decrease in female crabs capture and degradation of the environment related to gradual closure of the Assini-Mafia channel. Despite this decline, total production in Aby lagoon remained high compared to the productions of some lagoons of the country and the region. Given the importance of fishing swimming crabs in Aby lagoon, since it concerns many young people and it is a source of income, stringent measures for sustainable and responsible management must be taken and implemented as part of a co-management plan involving all stakeholders to sustainably manage the resource

Age and growth of the bastard grunt (Pomadasys incisus: Haemulidae) inhabiting the Canarian archipelago, Northwest Africa

The bastard grunt (Pomadasys incisus) is one of the most abundant coastal demersal fishes inhabiting the Canary Islands. Age and growth were studied from samples collected between October 2000 and September 2001. Growth analysis revealed that this species is a fast growing and moderately short-lived species (ages up to seven years recorded). Length-at-age was described by the von Bertalanffy growth model (L∞=309.58 mm; k=0.220/year; t0=–1.865 year), the Schnute growth model (y1=126.66 mm; y2=293.50 mm; a=–0.426; b= 5.963), and the seasonalized von Bertalanffy growth model (L∞=309.93 mm; k=0.218/ year; t0= –1.896 year; C=0.555; ts=0.652). Individuals grow quickly in their first year, attaining approximately 60% of their maximum length; after the first year, their growth rate drops rapidly as energy is probably diverted to reproduction. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy weight growth curve were W∞=788.22 mm; k=0.1567/year; t0= –1.984 year. Fish total length and otolith radius were closely correlated, r2=0.912. A power relationship was estimated between the total length and the otolith radius (a=49.93; ν=0.851). A year’s growth was represented by an opaque and hyaline (translucent) zone—an annulus. Backcalculated lengths were similar to those predicted by the growth models. Growth parameters estimated from the backcalculated sizes at age were L∞=315.23 mm; k=0.217/year; and t0= –1.73 year.

A survey of research and scientific services in East Africa, 1947-56

This "Survey of Research and Scientific Services in East Arica 1947-1956" has been prepared by Dr. E. B. Worthington, who held the post of Scientific Secretary in the Office of the Chief Secretary to the East African Governor's Conference and subsequently in the Administrator's Office of the East Mrica High Commission during the period January, 1947-May, 1951. Dr. Worthington is now Secretary General of the Scientific Council for, Arica South of the Sahara

Marine protected areas and small-scale fisheries in South Africa: promoting governance, participation, equity and benefit sharing

This monograph studies the progress achieved by conservation partners in South Africa on the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Programme Element Two components of governance, participation, equity and benefit sharing, from the perspective of small-scale fishing communities. It explores the strategies and mechanisms used by different authorities to create the conditions whereby local communities can benefit from marine protected areas (MPAs), of which South Africa has gazetted 24, highlighting examples of best practice. The monograph will be useful for researchers, scientists, fishworker organizations, environmentalists and anyone interested in the protection of marine biodiversity and the promotion of sustainable fisheries management.

Making agri-food systems work for the rural poor in eastern and southern Africa

The purpose of this output was to use the results of the baseline and participatory diagnostics analysis to develop alternative innovations for agricultural production, natural resource management and food security. The farming systems in the project areas were analysed to identify the innovations that communities had been using for agricultural production, natural resource management and food security. The innovative strategies were examined for their contribution to sustainable agriculture, food security and natural resource management. Comparative analysis of the agricultural productivity, food security and natural resource management in the different areas where the innovations have been put in place was undertaken. The best practices would be identified, which should be scaled-up, modified or sustained. The willingness and perceptions of the farmers to adopt the innovations would then be assessed.