荣成基底片麻岩原岩岩石成因及其构造意义

Extensive high to ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks are outcropped in the the Dabie-Sulu UHP orogenic belt. Disputes still exist about for protolith nature of metamorphic rocks, petrogenesis, tectonic setting, and influence on upper mantle during the Triassic deep subduction. In this study, a combined study of petrology, geochemistry, isotope geochemistry and zircon chronology was accomplished for high-grade gneisses in the basement of the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic Rongcheng terrane to reveal protolith nature and petrogenesis of the gneisses and to disucss the magmatic succession along the northern margin of the Yangtze block in Neoproterozoic. Gneisses in the Rongcheng terrane are characterized by negative Nb, Ta, P and Ti anomalies, relatively low Sr/Y ratios and relatively high Ba/La, Ba/Nb and Ba/Zr ratios, mostly displaying geochemical affinity to Phanerozoic volcanic arc. Neoproterozoic protolith ages (0.7 ~ 0.8 Ga) and Paleoproterozoic average crustal residence time (1.92 ~ 2.21 Ga) favour a Yangtze affinity. The gneisses mostly display characteristics of enrichment of LREE, flat heavy rare earth elements (REE) patterns, moderately fractionation between LREE and HREE and slight negative or positive Eu anomalies, probably reflecting that melting took place in the middle to low crust (26 ~ 33 km), where amphibole fractionated from the melts and/or inherited from source material as major mineral phases in the source area. Sr-Nd isotopic composition of the gneisses supports this conclusion. According to εNd(t) and εHf(t) values, the gneisses can be divided into three groups. Gneisses of group I have the highest εNd(t) and εHf(t) values, corresponding to the range of -6 ~ -3 and -2.9 ~ 13.4, respectively. This suggests obvious influx of depleted mantle or juvenile crust in the formation of protoliths. Gneisses of group II have medium εNd(t) (-9 ~ -7) and εHf(t) values (-15.8 ~ -1.4), corresponding to relatively high TDM2(Nd) (1.99 ~ 2.31 Ga) and TDM2(Hf) (1.76 ~ 2.67 Ga) , respectively. This suggests these gneisses were formed by partial melting of Paleoproterozoic crust. Gneisses of group III have the lowest εNd(t) (-15 ~ -10) and εHf(t) values (-15.8 ~ -1.4), corresponding to the largest TDM2(Nd) (1.99 ~ 2.31 Ga) and TDM2(Hf) ( 1.76 ~ 2.67 Ga), respectively. This indicates that gneisses of group III were formed by remelting of Archean crustal material and further demonstrates existence of an Archean basement probably of the Yangtze affinity beneath the Rongcheng terrane. Gneisses of three groups have also certain different geochemical characteristics. Contents of REEs and trace elements reduce gradually from group I to group III. Zirconium saturation temperatures also show similar tendency. Compared to gneisses of group II and group III, gneisses of group I display geochemical feature similar to extensional tectonic setting, having relatively little influence by the source area. Therefore, geochemical characteristics for gneisses of group I can indictate that the protoliths of the Rongcheng gneisses formed in an extensional rifting tectonic setting. This conclusion is supported by the results of eclogites and gabbros previously reported in the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt. Statistical results of the protolith ages of the Rongcheng gneisses show two age peaks around ~728 Ma and ~783 Ma with an about 50 Ma gap. Extensive magatism in abou 750 Ma along the northern margin of the Yangtze block can hardly be observed in the Rongcheng terrane. This phenomenon likely suggests discontinuous Neoproterozoic magmatism along the northern margin of the Yangtze block.

电离层垂直TEC映射函数的实验观测与统计特性

When used in the determining the total electron content (TEC), which may be the most important ionospheric parameter, the worldwide GPS observation brings a revolutionary change in the ionospheric science. There are three steps in the data processing to retrieve GPS TEC: (1) to estimate slant TEC from the measurements of GPS signals; (2) to map the slant TEC into vertical; and (3) to interpolate the vertical TEC into grid points. In this scientific dissertation we focus our attention on the second step, the mapping theory and method to convert slant TEC into vertical. This is conventionally done by multiplying on the slant TEC a mapping function which is usually determined by certain models of electron density profile. Study of the vertical TEC mapping function is of significance in GPS TEC measurement. This paper first reviews briefly the three steps in GPS TEC mapping process. Then we compare the vertical TEC mapping function which were respectively calculated from the electron density profiles of the ionospheric model and retrieved from the observation of worldwide GPS TEC. We also perform the statistical analysis on the observational mapping functions. The main works and results are as follows: 1. We calculated the vertical TEC mapping functions for both SLM and Chapman models, and discussed the modulation of the ionosphere height to the mapping functions. We use two simple models, single layer model (SLM) and Chapman models, of the ionospheric electron density profiles to calculate the vertical TEC mapping function. In the case of the SLM, we discuss the control of the ionospheric altitude, i.e., the layer height hipp, to the mapping function. We find that the mapping function decreases rapidly as hipp increases. For the Chapman model we study also the control mapping function by both ionospheric altitude indicated by the peak electron density height hmF2, and the scale height, H, which present the thickness of the ionosphere. It is also found that the mapping function decreases rapidly as hmF2 increases. and it also decreases as H increases. 2. Then we estimate the mapping functions from the GPS observations and compare them with those calculated from the electron density models. We first, proposed a new method to estimate the mapping functions from GPS TEC data. This method is then used to retrieve the observational mapping function from both the slant TEC (TECS) provided by International GPS Service (IGS）and vertical TEC provide by JPL Global Ionospheric Maps (GIMs). Then we compare the observational mapping function with those calculated from the electron density models, SLM and Chapman. We find that the values of the observational mapping functions are much smaller than that from the model mapping functions, when the zenith angle is large enough. We attribute this to the effect of the plasmasphere which is above about 1000 km. 3. We statistically analyze the observational mapping functions and reveal their climatological changes. Observational mapping functions during 1999-2007 are used in our statistics. The main results are as follows. (1) The observational mapping functions decrease obviously with the decrement of the solar activity which is represented by the F10.7 index; (2) In annual variations of the observational mapping functions, the semiannual component is found at low-latitudes, and the remarkable seasonal variations at mid- and high-latitudes. (3) The diurnal variation of the observational mapping functions is that they are large in daytime and small at night, they become extremely small in the early morning before sunrise. (4) The observational mapping functions change with latitudes that they are smaller at lower latitudes and larger at higher. All of the above variations of the observational mapping functions are explained by the existence of the plasmasphere, which changes more slowly with time and more rapidly with latitude than the ionosphere does . In summary, our study on the vertical TEC mapping function imply that the ionosphere height has a modulative effect on the mapping function. We first propose the concept of the 'observational mapping functions' , and provide a new method to calculate them. This is important in improving the TEC mapping. It may also possible to retrieving the plasmaspheric information from GPS observations.

Insumos necessários para o manejo florestal em área de reserva legal no Acre.

No Acre, as atividades de manejo florestal sustentado estão sendo realizadas por meio de um projeto de pesquisa participativa que envolve a Embrapa Acre e onze pequenos produtores do Projeto de Colonização "Pedro Peixoto". O objetivo do estudo é definir um modelo de exploração sustentável aplicável em projetos de assentamento. A área destinada ao manejo compreende a reserva legal com aproximadamente 40ha, sendo a mesma dividida em compartimentos de 4 hectares, seguindo-se a execução de uma plano de exploração florestal madeireiro.

'Psyching-up' and muscular force production

Tod, D. A., Iredale, F., Gill, N. (2003). 'Psyching-up' and muscular force production. Sports Medicine, 33 (1), 47-58. RAE2008

Sytuacja komunikacyjna w kulturze archaicznej a symboliczność komunikacji

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest wskazanie i przedyskutowanie (z perspektywy filozofii komunikacji i teorii komunikacji) kilku konsekwencji wynikających z badań nad fenomenem komunikacji. Oprócz zagadnień związanych z filozoficznym ujęciem procesu komunikacji podejmuje się również problematykę wyłonienia się myślenia metafizycznego w starożytnej Grecji. Artykuł ten jest próbą wskazania warunków, które należy spełnić, aby prowadzić filozoficznie uprawnioną refleksję nad procesem komunikacji. Całość została podzielona na trzy główne działy: w pierwszym są prezentowane dwa poziomy rekonstrukcji sytuacji komunikacyjnej w kulturze archaicznej; w drugim rozważa się zagadnienie początków relacji symbolizowania oraz zjednoczenia myślenia i działania. Trzecia część poświęcona jest źródłom myślenia metafizycznego oraz symboliczności komunikacji. Najistotniejszy wniosek wynikający z rozważań zawarty w artykule dotyczy nie-symbolicznego ujęcia procesów komunikacyjnych.

Problemy z pojęciem wiedzy w ramach epistemicznej koncepcji znaczenia Michaela Dummetta

According to epistemic theory of meaning the meaning is not understanding-transcendent – understanding is a kind of knowledge and the meaning is the content of this knowledge. The main problem of such a theory is to provide an adequate characteristic of the notion of knowledge. Dummett claims that understanding cannot be reduced neither to purely practical abilities, nor to explicit theoretical knowledge. In his opinion the most important part of the knowledge that constitutes understanding is a kind of implicit knowledge, something halfway between practical ability and theoretical knowledge. Unfortunately is not so simple to provide sufficiently clear characteristics of it. Moreover, because of implicitness of this knowledge, there is problem with manifestation of possession of such knowledge. Understanding should be related to the practice of making assertions. In the article I try to argue for soundness of thesis that important part of knowledge that constitutes understanding is a kind of procedural knowledge. This type of knowledge (called “knowledge-how”) cannot be reduced to propositional or conceptual knowledge (“knowledge-that”). Procedural knowledge has manifestation in activities doing in accordance with some set of the rules, but possession of this knowledge does not require explicit knowledge-that of the rules. Procedural knowledge is also located in the middle of the spectrum – between reflex actions and theoretical knowledge.

Analityczna filozofia dziejów w poznańskiej szkole metodologicznej. Próba falsyfikacji Popperowskiej krytyki historii teoretycznej

The purpose of this paper is the reconstruction of the theory of historical process elaborated at the Poznań School of Methodology. The heuristic tool will be Popper’s model of knowledge, according to which, the development of scientific theory went through the phase of the posing of the scientific problem, proposing a tentative theory, a critical discussion and its modification. Proposed by Leszek Nowak the adaptive interpretation of historical materialism was transformed – under the influence of the elaboration of the idealizational theory of science and the categorical interpretation of dialectics – into the generalized version of historical materialism. This version includes theory of the class and primitive societies. Difficulties in the building of the theory of real socialism led to the transformation of adaptive historical materialism into the non-Marxian historical materialism where some tenets of Marxism were refuted (e.g. the domination of economy over politics). In the course of the building of the adaptive interpretation of historical materialism and the non-Marxian historical materialism some primary notions were defined and modified satisfying the criteria of falsification. Although Popper severely criticized the possibility of theoretical history, the theory of history as developed at the Poznań School of Methodology satisfies his criteria of falsification. This throws doubt upon the validity of Popperian critique of theoretical history.

Demand-based Document Dissemination for the World-Wide Web

We analyzed the logs of our departmental HTTP server http://cs-www.bu.edu as well as the logs of the more popular Rolling Stones HTTP server http://www.stones.com. These servers have very different purposes; the former caters primarily to local clients, whereas the latter caters exclusively to remote clients all over the world. In both cases, our analysis showed that remote HTTP accesses were confined to a very small subset of documents. Using a validated analytical model of server popularity and file access profiles, we show that by disseminating the most popular documents on servers (proxies) closer to the clients, network traffic could be reduced considerably, while server loads are balanced. We argue that this process could be generalized so as to provide for an automated demand-based duplication of documents. We believe that such server-based information dissemination protocols will be more effective at reducing both network bandwidth and document retrieval times than client-based caching protocols [2].

3D Hand Pose Estimation by Finding Appearance-Based Matches in a Large Database of Training Views

Ongoing work towards appearance-based 3D hand pose estimation from a single image is presented. A large database of synthetic hand views is generated using a 3D hand model and computer graphics. The views display different hand shapes as seen from arbitrary viewpoints. Each synthetic view is automatically labeled with parameters describing its hand shape and viewing parameters. Given an input image, the system retrieves the most similar database views, and uses the shape and viewing parameters of those views as candidate estimates for the parameters of the input image. Preliminary results are presented, in which appearance-based similarity is defined in terms of the chamfer distance between edge images.

Stiftsherren und Vikare des Kollegiatstifts St. Peter und Paul in Zeitz 1400–1564.

Der hier publizierte Personenkatalog ist Teil des Anhangs der im Januar 2008 von Matthias Ludwig an der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg eingereichten Magisterarbeit „Das Personal der Naumburger Domkirche und der Zeitzer Stiftskirche 1400–1564. Ein prosopographischer Beitrag zur mitteldeutschen Stiftskirchenforschung“. Ausgangspunkt der Arbeit war die Frage nach der Zusammensetzung der beiden geistlichen Gemeinschaften in Naumburg und Zeitz hinsichtlich eines vorgegebenen Rasters, bestehend aus den Kriterien Herkunft, Standeszugehörigkeit, Bildung, Karriereprofil, Weihegrade und personelle Netzwerke. Das zugrunde liegende biografische Material für Zeitz wurde vor allem aus der stiftischen Überlieferung selbst erhoben, deren wesentlicher Träger das Archiv des ehemaligen Kollegiatstifts ist, das heute zum Bestand des Stiftsarchivs und der Stiftsbibliothek Zeitz gehört. Es umfasst Angaben zu insgesamt 277 Stiftsherren und Vikaren, die für den Zeitraum von 1400 bis 1564 nachgewiesen werden konnten.

VIXEN, VIRGIN, AND GODDESS: PERFORMANCE PRACTICE AND THE BAROQUE HEROINE

This dissertation comprises performance of three soprano roles in Baroque musical theater pieces, recorded on compact disc. These roles are "Poppea" in The Coronation of Poppea (1642) of Claudio Monteverdi (a filly-produced staging of the 1989 Alan Curtis critical edition in English translation, with the Maryland Opera Studio at the Kay Theater, Clarice Smith Performing Arts Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, May 3 and 6, 2002; Ken Slowik, conductor); "Galatea" in Acis and Galatea (1718) of George Friederich Handel (a staged reading at Gildenhorn Recital Hall, Clarice Smith Performing Arts Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, May 29,2003; Edward Maclary, conductor); and "Miecke" (Soprano Soloist) in Mer hahn en neue Oberkeet (Peasant Cantata), BWV 212 (1742) of Johann Sebastian Bach (a staged and costumed performance with the Washington Bach Consort at Rachel M. Schlesinger Concert Hall, Alexandria, Virginia, February 2,2003; J. Reilly Lewis, conductor). In addition to performing these three roles, I was the stage director for the reading of Acis and Galatea. Close readings of the libretti, examination of contemporary guides to ornamentation, and research into production histories inform the improvisatory ornamentation found in these compact disc recordings.

Economic and social upgrading in global production networks: A new paradigm for a changing world

A key challenge in promoting decent work worldwide is how to improve the position of both firms and workers in value chains and global production networks driven by lead firms. This article develops a framework for analysing the linkages between the economic upgrading of firms and the social upgrading of workers. Drawing on studies which indicate that firm upgrading does not necessarily lead to improvements for workers, with a particular focus on the Moroccan garment industry, it outlines different trajectories and scenarios to provide a better understanding of the relationship between economic and social upgrading. The authors 2011 Journal compilation © International Labour Organization 2011.

Load-balancing for mesh-based applications on heterogeneous cluster computers

This paper discusses load-balancing issues when using heterogeneous cluster computers. There is a growing trend towards the use of commodity microprocessor clusters. Although today's microprocessors have reached a theoretical peak performance in the range of one GFLOPS/s, heterogeneous clusters of commodity processors are amongst the most challenging parallel systems to programme efficiently. We will outline an approach for optimising the performance of parallel mesh-based applications for heterogeneous cluster computers and present case studies with the GeoFEM code. The focus is on application cost monitoring and load balancing using the DRAMA library.

Dirty theory: philosophical enactments after metaphysics

Modern forms of speculative philosophy continue to creep ‘unsuspectingly’ into our understanding of contemporary media/electronic arts, despite (or perhaps even because of) the attempts by Latour, Badiou, or Agamben especially when addressing the zero/one as if a contradictory ‘binary’ rather than as a kind of 'slice’ or (to use Deleuze and Guattari) an immanent plane of immanence. We argue that by playing with and against Neitzsche, Einstein, Godel, and Deleuze, a rather different story of art, not to mention philosophy, can be told. [From conference programme]

Antioxidant principles of Tanacetum vulgare L. aerial parts

The methanolic extract of aerial parts of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) and its fractions were investigated for antioxidant activity. The crude extract displayed DPPH radical scavenging effects with an EC50 value of 37 +/- 1.2 microg/mL (n=3). Activity-guided fractionations of the crude extract resulted in the isolation of three antioxidant compounds; 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA), axillarin and luteolin. 3,5-DCQA was the major constituent with antioxidant activity (IC50 = 9.7 microM) comparable with that of the standard quercetin (IC50 = 8.8 microM). Though the isolated compounds were previously known for their antioxidant effects, this is the first report on the identification of 3,5-DCQA from Tanacetum vulgare. The displayed potent antioxidant activity of the crude extract and isolated active principles is in support of the traditional medicinal uses of the plant for disease conditions such as wound healing, rheumatic arthritis and other inflammatory conditions.