柠檬酸盐法合成γ-LiAlO_2超微粉

以ＬｉＮＯ３，Ａｌ（ＮＯ３）３·９Ｈ２Ｏ和柠檬酸为原料合成γＬｉＡｌＯ３超微粉。对合成的材料进行了ＴＧ，ＤＴＡ，ＸＲＤ和ＴＥＭ等表征。结果表明，焙烧温度在５５０℃以上试样基本恒重，５６２℃有一相变峰，生成纯相γＬｉＡｌＯ２超微粉。６００和９００℃焙烧试验表明，粒径在４０～７０ｎｍ范围内随温度的升高而增大。经６５０℃焙烧１，２４和１４８ｈ，产物γＬｉＡｌＯ２超微粉无相变，粒径几乎没有变化，保持在４０～５０ｎｍ范围。

The exciplex as an intermediate for photocycloaddition of 9-vinyl anthracene and p-N, N-dimethylamino styrene

The appearence of the new fluorescence peak at about 570 nm demonstrates exciplex formation between the singlet states of 9-vinyl anthracene and p-N, N-dimethylamino stytene. With increasing the polarity of solvents t the red-shift of the emission wavelength occurs and the fluorescence quantum yield of the exciplex decreases. For example t the fluorescence peak is at 550 nm in totuene and at 595 nm in butanone. The fluorescence quatum yields in totuene and in butanone are 0.053 and O respectively. Both the relative yield of the photocycloaddition dimer and the ratio of the relative yields of the trans and cis dimers decrease with increasing the polarity of solvents. For example, the relative yields of the dimer are 1.0 in totuene and 0.04 in butanone respectively. The ratio of the relative yields of traits and cis dimers are 0.54 and 0 in totuene and butanones t respectively. In addition, the exciplex intermediate mechanism was suggested for the photocycloaddition between 9-vinyl anthracene and 9-N, N-dimethylamino styrene.

以激基缔合物为中间体的对－N，N－二甲氨苯乙烯和蒽乙烯的光环加成反应

研究了对－Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲氨苯乙烯和蒽乙烯生成的激基缔合物在不同极性溶剂中的荧光特性，发现其荧光发射波长随溶剂的极性增大向长波方向移动，且发现激基缔合物荧光量子产率的大小决定对－Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲氨苯乙烯和蒽乙烯的光环加成产物的产率。其中反式产物的相对产率随溶液极性增大而降低，并进一步探讨了此光环加成反应的机理。

硅钨酸在膨润土上的固载化

具有Keggin结构的杂多酸作为一种新型多功能催化剂,在均相对许多反应都表现出优异的催化活性.近年来杂多酸正逐步在多个反应过程中实现工业应用.将杂多酸固载化以实现均相反应的多相化,因具有更大的实用性更令人瞩目.本文报道的是以经过化学处理的膨润土为载体,研究硅钨酸的固载化问题.

A potent anti-oxidant property: fluorescent recombinant alpha-phycocyanin of Spirulina

To express and product a fluorescent antioxidant holo-alpha-phycocyanin (PC) of Spirulina platensis (Sp) with His-tag (rHHPC; recombinant holo-alpha-phycocyaninof Spirulina platensis with His-tag) in 5-l bench scale. A vector harbouring two cassettes was constructed: cpcA along with cpcE-cpcF in one cassette; ho1-pcyA in the other cassette. Lyases CpcE/F of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 (S6) could catalyse the 82 site Cys in apo-alpha-PC of Sp linking with bilin chromophores, and rHHPC was biosynthesized in Escherichia coli BL21. The constant feeding mode was adopted, and transformant reached the biomass of rHHPC up to 0.55 g l(-1) broth in 5-litre bench scale. rHHPC was purified by Ni2+ affinity column conveniently. The absorbance and the fluorescence emission spectra of rHHPC had lambda(max) at 621 and 650 nm, respectively. The IC50 values of rHHPC were 277.5 +/- 25.8 mu g ml(-1) against hydroxyl radicals and 20.8 +/- 2.2 mu g ml(-1) against peroxyl radicals. Combinational biosynthesis of rHHPC was feasible, and the constant feeding mode was adopted to produce good yields of rHHPC. Fluorescent rHHPC with several unique qualitative and quantitative features was effective on scavenging hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals. A potent antioxidant rHHPC was co-expressed, produced and characterized for nutritional and pharmacological values, which would help to develop phycobiliproteins' applications in their fluorescent and biological activities.

Purification and partial characterization of Mn superoxide dismutase from muscle tissue of the shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense

Superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) is an enzyme that protects against oxidative stress from superoxide radicals in living cells. This enzyme had been isolated, purified and partially characterized from muscle tissue of the shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense. The purification was achieved by heat treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionated precipitation and column chromatograph on DEAE-cellulose 32. Some physiological and biochemical characterization of it was tested. The molecular weight of it was about 21.7 kDa, as judged by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme had an absorption peak of 278 nm in ultraviolet region, and the enzyme remained stable at 25-45 degreesC within 90 min. However, it was rapidly inactivated at higher temperature. Treatment of the enzyme with 1 mM ZnCl2, SDS and 1 mM or 10 mM mercaptoethanol showed some increasing activity. However, the enzyme activity was obviously inhibited by 10 mM CaCl2, CuSO4, ZnCl2 and 1 mM CaCl2 and 10 mM K2Cr2O7. SOD activity did not show significantly variation after incubated with 1 mM CaCl2, EDTA and 10 MM SDS. The enzyme was insensitive to cyanide and contained 1.03 +/- 0.14 atoms of manganese per subunit shown in atomic absorption spectroscopy, which revealed that purified SOD was Mn superoxide dismutase. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Biological effect of R-phycoerythrin-mediated photosensitization on DNA.

R-phycoerythrin (R-PE) is one of important proteins involved in capturing light during photosynthesis in red algae, and it is highly fluorescent, and water-soluble chromophores. In vivo, it can transfer the light energy into photosynthetic center, however, it can deliver the captured light energy captured to the surrounding oxygen in vitro and produce reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen, which is toxic to tumor cells. R-PE was added to the culture medium of tumor cells, subsequently with irradiation of 488 nm, Argon laser of 25.6 J/cm(2). The result by MTT assay showed that the survival rate decreased with the increase of R-PE concentration from 1 to 100 mg/L. The result from H-3-TdR incorporation demonstrated that the synthesis of DNA reduced when the concentration of R-PE increased from 0.01 to 0.32 mg/L. Besides, pUC18 DNA showed a conversion from supercoiled into linear conformation. The conclusion comes that R-PE mediated PDT can influence the conformation of DNA, and it may be one of the mechanisms of R-PE mediated photodynamic therapy.

Determination of fractional energy loss of waves in nearshore waters using an improved high-order Boussinesq-type model

Fractional energy losses of waves due to wave breaking when passing over a submerged bar are studied systematically using a modified numerical code that is based on the high-order Boussinesq-type equations. The model is first tested by the additional experimental data, and the model's capability of simulating the wave transformation over both gentle slope and steep slope is demonstrated. Then, the model's breaking index is replaced and tested. The new breaking index, which is optimized from the several breaking indices, is not sensitive to the spatial grid length and includes the bottom slopes. Numerical tests show that the modified model with the new breaking index is more stable and efficient for the shallow-water wave breaking. Finally, the modified model is used to study the fractional energy losses for the regular waves propagating and breaking over a submerged bar. Our results have revealed that how the nonlinearity and the dispersion of the incident waves as well as the dimensionless bar height (normalized by water depth) dominate the fractional energy losses. It is also found that the bar slope (limited to gentle slopes that less than 1:10) and the dimensionless bar length (normalized by incident wave length) have negligible effects on the fractional energy losses.

两面针中的香豆素成分

两面针Zanthoxxylum nitidum(Roxb.)DC.为芸香科花椒属植物,别名野花椒,在浙江、台湾、福建、广东、广西、云南等地均有分布,为我国南方省区的常用中药,其根、根皮及茎皮入药,主治风湿性关节病、牙痛、胃痛、咽喉肿痛、毒蛇咬伤等症.目前对两面针化学成分的研究主要集中在生物碱类,而对非生物碱类化学成分则报道较少[1].

普通大鵟胃容物和食茧分析

对青海省玛多县境内的普通大鵟(Buteo hemilasius)的14个胃容物和118个食茧中的猎物逐个分析鉴定，共分为3种类型：①高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae),②青海田鼠(Lasiopodomys fuscus)，③小型鸟类。分别计算各类猎物出现率(pi)和生物量比率(b_i)。高原鼠兔、青海田鼠、小型鸟类在胃容物中，p_i分别为0．28、0．68和0．04；b_i则分别为0．59、0．40和0．02；食茧中，p_i分别为0．70、0．27和0．02，b_i则分别为0．89、0．10和0．01。x~2检验表明取食个体数和生物量在胃容物和食茧之间差异显著，但均说明高原鼠兔和青海田鼠等小型哺乳类是普通大鵟的主要食物来源。

祁连山海北高寒草甸地区紫外辐射特征及其对植物生理作用的探讨

利用祁连山海北高寒草甸地区2000年植物生长期内的太阳辐射观测资料，分析了该地区太阳紫外辐射(UV)在植物生长期内的日、季节变化特征，以及在太阳总辐射(E_g)中所占的比例(η)。结果表明：海北站地区UV较强，瞬时极大值可达77 W·m~(-2)，日总量最大达1.8 MJ·m~(-2)以上；实际天气状况下月总量最大可达41.620 MJ·m~(-2) (5月)，植物生长期内的4月到10月总量达218.651 MJ·m~(-2)。UV有明显的日、季节变化规律。日间UV所表现的单峰式曲线变化过程，与总辐射变化有关。在晴天状况下，η的变化下午高于上午，日平均约为0.048；阴天状况下在13:00～14:00较高，早晚低，且随云层厚薄而发生显著的变化。同时表明，阴天状况下的η值(0.053)高于晴天。就生长期实际情况来看，η值在植物生长的前期较高，植物生长后期较低，植物生长期内平均约为0.052。受强UV的影响，高寒草甸几种主要植物，其植物根、茎、叶的可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量、非结构性碳水化合物均较高，且表现出日出后迅速增加，植物根茎粗壮等，植物的生理适应性及其植物体的结构发生改变，致使高寒草甸植物具有明显的抗寒性功能机制和形态结构。

东天山红山高硫型浅成低温铜-金矿床氧化带的形成机理和硫酸盐矿物的系列发现及意义

Located in the Paleozoic uplift along the southern margin of Tu-Ha basin in eastern Xinjiang, the newly discovered Hongshan Cu-Au deposit occurs in the superimposed Mesozoic volcanic basin upon the north section of later Paleozoic Dananhu-Tousuquan accretionary arc. Kalatage Cu-Au orebelt is controlled by NWW-trend faults, and includes Hongshan and Meiling Cu-Au deposits. The host rocks of Hongshan ore district are mainly rhyolitic-dacitic ignimbrites, whereas Cu-Au mineralization is closely related to quartz porphyry, rhyolitic porphyry and granitic porphyry. Mineralization styles are dominantly veinlet-disseminated and veinlet, occasionally stockwork. The mineral association is chalcopyrite, pyrite, bornite, chalcocite and sphalerite. The hydrothermal alteration consists of silicfication, sericitization, alunitization, pyrophylitization, illitization, hydromuscovitization, and chloritization. Hongshan Cu-Au deposit, on the edge of the desert, is one of the driest areas in eastrn Tianshan. Moreover， the highest temperature has been up to 60℃, and the average rainfall receives only 34.1mm/y. The light rainfall and rapid evaporation in the vicinity of this deposit have allowed the formation of a great variety of water-soluble sulfates. Oxidization zone of this deposit lies on the upper part of primary sulfide orebodies appearing with a depth of 50-60m, which is dominant in sulfate minerals. 1. Based on the field observation, the volcanic and sub-volcanic rock composition, hydrothermal alteration, ore structure and mineralization characteristics, this paper proposed that the Hongshan Cu-Au deposit belongs to a transitional type from high-sulfide epithermal to porphyry Cu-Au deposit, which corresponds with the typical HS-epithermal deposit such as Zijinshan Au-Cu deposit in Fujian Province, SE-China. 2. The Hongshan copper-gold deposit was controlled by the tectonic, stratum, magma activity and volcanic apparatus, whereas Au mineralization is closely related to quartz porphyry, rhyolitic porphyry and fine grained pyritization in hydrothermal activity, and Cu mineralization is closely related to quartz porphyry and hydrothermal explosive breccia. 3. Oxidation zone of Hongshan Cu-Au deposit lies on the upper part of primary sulfide orebodies deposit. 23 sulfate minerals were identified in this work. The results of samples XRD and chemical analysis were furthermore confirmed through thermal, infrared spectrum and mössbauer spectrum analysis. Among those, nine minerals as Ferricopiapite, Cuprocopiapite, Rhomboclase, Parabutlerite, Krausite, Yavapaiite, Metasideronatrite Kroehnkite and Paracoquimbite were founded in China for the first time. And Paracoquimbite was secondly reported in the world (first case reported at 1938 in Chile). 4. EPMA analysis shows that Al impurity in crystal lattice is important to polytype formation of paracoquimbite and coquimbite besides stack fault. 5. Compared with Meiling Cu-Au deposit in the same Kalatage ore belt from the characteristics of δ34S of barite, lithofacies, hydrothermal alteration and homogeneous temperature, Hongshan Cu-Au deposit belongs to the same metallogenic system of HS-epithermal type as Meiling Cu-Au deposit. But Hongshan Cu-Au deposit has less extensive alteration and shallower denudation. 6. Sulfur isotope analyses show that δ34S values of pyrites vary in the range of +1.86‰~+5.69‰, with an average of 3.70‰, mostly in the range of +1.86‰~+3.20‰, and δ34Scp<δ34Spy. Therefore ore-forming fluid of porphyry comes from mantle and was contaminated by the earth’s crust. Sulfur isotope has reached balance in ore-forming process. 7. Sulfur isotope analyses show that δ34S values of sulfates vary in the range of +2.15‰~+6.73‰, with an average of +3.74‰, mostly equals as δ34S values of primary sulfides in Hongshan Cu-Au deposit. So supergene sulfates inherit sulfur of primary sulfide. δ34S values are mostly same in different sulfates. As well as pyrite and chalcopyrite, volcanic hot spring and associated native sulfur underground also provide water medium and sulfur during the formation process of sulfate. 8. According to the EPMA of sample chalcopyrite and pyrite in Hongshan Cu-Au, the value of Cu/Ni is 0.98-34.72, mostly close to the value of 5, which shows that Hongshan deposit is a typical volcanogenic magmaic hypothermal deposit. Au and Ag, Zn, Te and Bi are positive correlation, Cu and Hg, Se, Sb are positive correlation, indicates Au and Cu don’t locate in the factor of mineralization of same mineralization groups. The reasons of gold concentration in the oxidation zone are: 1). Change of redox potential (Eh) makes gold to deposit from the liquid of mineralization zone; 2). PH is one of the most factors of gold’s deposition; 3). Soluble complex and colloid of gold can be adsorbed easily. 9. The biotite and hornblende K-Ar isotopic ages from the wall rock－quartz diorite, biotite granite and monzonite granite are 231.99±3.45Ma, 237.97±2.36Ma and 296.53±6.69Ma respectively. The ore-bearing rhyolitic breccia lava contains breccia of the biotite granite which indicates the volcanism and related Cu-Au mineralization occurred later than the granite, possibly in Mesozoic. K-Ar ages of granitoids in Sanya, Baishiquan and Hongliugou area and Molybdenite Re-Os age of Baishan Mo deposit all are in Triassic. Besides late Paleozoic magmatism, igneous magmatic event of Mesozoic was widespread in eastern Tianshan. 10. The K-Ar age dating indicates that the K-Ar age of Voltaite occurred below surface 1m is 56.02±3.98Ma, K-Ar age of Ferricopiapite occurred below surface 1.5m is 8.62±1.12Ma, K-Ar age of Yavapaiite occurred below surface 14 m is 4.07±0.39Ma, and K-Ar age of Voltaite occurred below surface 10 m is 14.73±1.73Ma. So the age interval of oxidation zone of Hongshan copper-golden bed is between 60 -3.38Ma. Oxidization occurred at Caenozoic era (from 65Ma), which can be identified through comparing with different deposits oxidation zone in other countries. The coupling between global tectonic event and climatic change event which occur from Caenozoic era has some effect on epigeosphere system, which can act on the surface of bed oxidation zone similarly. It induces that the age mentioned above coincide with collision of India-Asia and multistage uplifting of Qinhai-Tibet Plateau happened subsequently. Bed oxidation zone is the effect and record of collision and uplifting of Tibet Plateau. The strong chemical weathering of surface accumulation to which was leaded by PETM event occurred Paleocene and Eocene is the reason of Voltaite sharply rises. On the contrary, Ferricopiapite formed due to the global cold weather. The predecessor did much research through biota, isotopes, susceptibility, but this paper try to use different sulfate mineral instead of climatic change. So the research of sulfate minerals not only indicates a great deal of oxidized zone feature, but also the intergrowth of sulfate minerals may be used to trace paleoenviroment and paleoclimate of oxidation zone. 11. Analysis of the information of alteration and mineralization features of four bore cores, induced activity polarization well logging and Eh-4 geophysical section, deep mineralization anomaly objects of Hongshan ore districts shows low resistance, middle and high polarization, measurements of Eh-4 consecutive conductance section show the existing of concealed porphyry ore body deeper than 450m, on the top of and around rock body there are low resistance body ranged from 100-300Ω•m, this area may be the ore-bearing part. In a word, Hongshan Cu-Au deposit deposit is a combine of upper HS-style epithermal Au deposit and deeper porphyry mineralization system. It has great potential to find large HS-style epithermal-porphyry Au-Cu deposits. This paper consists of seven chapters and twenty seven sections. The geological character of deposit is basic condition in this work. Constitute of oxidation zone, research of sulfate mineral, relation between oxidation and primary zone, K-Ar ages of potassic sulfate are key parts of thesis. Genesis of ore deposit is the further expansion of this research. Analysis of ore-controlling factors is the penetration above basic. Analysis of potential is application of exploration.

影响C4草本植物C／N比值变化的因素与土壤有机C积累的关系

文章对采自贵州从低海拔的东部到高海拔的西部且大致平行的石灰岩和砂岩两地带均生长的3种C4草本植物，即巴茅(Miscanthus floridulus)、白茅(Imperata cylindrica)和类芦(Neyraudia reynaudiana)，以及相对应的土壤表层样品，进行了营养元素和C同位素组成分析；研究营养元素含量随着海拔的不同而出现的变化趋势，以及这些元素之间的相互协变作用，尤其是Ca和N之间的相互协变作用对植物的N含量、C／N比值和δ^13C值的影响，以了解植物的C／N比值(指示植物残留物质量的一种标志)与土壤有机C积累的关系。研究结果表明，植物的N含量和δ^13C值具有随海拔的上升而显著增大趋势，而植物的C／N比值在砂岩地区虽有减小的趋势，在石灰岩地带则没有。对所研究的C4草本植物来说，在土壤pH值为5．8的中性条件下显示出Ca的最大吸收，因此，Ca与其他营养元素之间的协变模式在两种土壤类型中表现出相反的倾向，并存在土壤交换性Ca的边界浓度：当土壤可交换性Ca的含量为2．24mg／g，相应土壤的pH值在5．8以下时，随着土壤可交换性Ca浓度的增大，植物的N含量上升，而植物的C／N比值会显著降低；当Ca在边界浓度以上时，随着土壤可交换性Ca浓度的增大，植物的N含量下降，而植物的C／N比值有增加的趋势。由此可见，植物残留物的N含量和C／N比值受Ca元素含量的相互协变作用的影响。在砂岩地区，随着植物C／N比值的增高，土壤有机质的含量却随之下降，而在石灰岩地区则没有这种倾向。因此得出结论：植物的C／N比值的增大对土壤有机碳积累的影响主要取决于土壤的性质，尤其是取决于土壤可交换性Ca的含量。