Transferência de calor inversa do método convencional e do otimizado de lubri-refrigeração na retificação plana tangencial

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC

Análise das tensões em próteses implantossuportadas esplintadas, variando a localização dos implantes, pôntico e cantilever: estudo pelo método dos elementos finitos tridimensionais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Simulação computacional por elementos finitos de múltiplas fissuras em sólidos usando técnica de fragmentação da malha

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Simulação numérica do escoamento em difusores radiais com discos frontais fixos e móveis

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS

A continuously differentiable upwinding scheme for the simulation of fluid flow problems

This paper deals with the numerical solution of complex fluid dynamics problems using a new bounded high resolution upwind scheme (called SDPUS-C1 henceforth), for convection term discretization. The scheme is based on TVD and CBC stability criteria and is implemented in the context of the finite volume/difference methodologies, either into the CLAWPACK software package for compressible flows or in the Freeflow simulation system for incompressible viscous flows. The performance of the proposed upwind non-oscillatory scheme is demonstrated by solving two-dimensional compressible flow problems, such as shock wave propagation and two-dimensional/axisymmetric incompressible moving free surface flows. The numerical results demonstrate that this new cell-interface reconstruction technique works very well in several practical applications. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Aplicación del método de los volúmenes finitos al cálculo del parámetro de masa añadida de un cilindro vibrante en el seno de un fluido

Máster Universitario en Sistemas Inteligentes y Aplicaciones Numéricas en Ingeniería (SIANI)

Simulación URANS 2D del flujo alrededor de un cilindro para 104 ≤ Re ≤ 106 con tratamiento de paredes

Máster Universitario en Sistemas Inteligentes y Aplicaciones Numéricas en Ingeniería (SIANI)

Multithread parallelization of lepp-bisection algorithms

[EN]Longest edge (nested) algorithms for triangulation refinement in two dimensions are able to produce hierarchies of quality and nested irregular triangulations as needed both for adaptive finite element methods and for multigrid methods. They can be formulated in terms of the longest edge propagation path (Lepp) and terminal edge concepts, to refine the target triangles and some related neighbors. We discuss a parallel multithread algorithm, where every thread is in charge of refining a triangle t and its associated Lepp neighbors. The thread manages a changing Lepp(t) (ordered set of increasing triangles) both to find a last longest (terminal) edge and to refine the pair of triangles sharing this edge...

Sviluppo e validazione di un modello di film fluido per simulazioni CFD di motori a combustione interna

A wall film model has been implemented in a customized version of KIVA code developed at University of Bologna. Under the hypothesis of `thin laminar ow' the model simulates the dynamics of a liquid wall film generated by impinging sprays. Particular care has been taken in numerical implementation of the model. The major phenomena taken into account in the present model are: wall film formation by impinging spray; body forces, such as gravity or acceleration of the wall; shear stress at the interface with the gas and no slip condition on the wall; momentum contribution and dynamic pressure generated by the tangential and normal component of the impinging drops; film evaporation by heat exchange with wall and surrounding gas. The model doesn't consider the effect of the wavy film motion and suppose that all the impinging droplets adhere to the film. The governing equations have been integrated in space by using a finite volume approach with a first order upwind differencing scheme and they have been integrated in time with a fully explicit method. The model is validated using two different test cases reproducing PFI gasoline and DI Diesel engine wall film conditions.

Some advances in open problems of isogeometric analysis

[EN]Isogeometric analysis (IGA) has arisen as an attempt to unify the fields of CAD and classical finite element methods. The main idea of IGA consists in using for analysis the same functions (splines) that are used in CAD representation of the geometry. The main advantage with respect to the traditional finite element method is a higher smoothness of the numerical solution and more accurate representation of the geometry. IGA seems to be a promising tool with wide range of applications in engineering. However, this relatively new technique have some open problems that require a solution. In this work we present our results and contributions to this issue…

Monte-Carlo-Simulationen zum Phasen- und Keimbildungsverhalten von Polymerlösungen

Das Phasenverhalten und die Grenzflächeneigenschaften vonPolymeren in superkritischer Lösung werden anhand einesvergröberten Kugel-Feder-Modells für das ReferenzsystemHexadekan-CO2 untersucht. Zur Bestimmung der Parameter imPotential setzt man die kritischen Punkte von Simulation undExperiment gleich. Wechselwirkungen zwischen beidenKomponenten werden durch eine modifizierteLorentz-Berthelot-Regel modelliert. Die Übereinstimmung mitden Experimenten ist sehr gut - insbesondere kann dasPhasendiagramm des Mischsystems inklusive kritischer Linienreproduziert werden. Ein Vergleich mit numerischenStörungsrechnungen (TPT1) liefert eine qualitativeÜbereinstimmung und Hinweise zur Verbesserung derverwendeten Zustandsgleichung. Aufbauend auf diesen Betrachtungen werden die Frühstadiender Keimbildung untersucht. Für das Lennard-Jones-Systemwird zum ersten Mal der Übergang vom homogenen Gas zu einemeinzelnen Tropfen im endlichen Volumen direkt nachgewiesenund quantifiziert. Die freie Energie von kleinen Clusternwird mit einem einfachen, klassischen Nukleationsmodellbestimmt und nach oben abgeschätzt. Die vorgestellten Untersuchungen wurden durch eineWeiterentwicklung des Umbrella-Sampling-Algorithmusermöglicht. Hierbei wird die Simulation in mehrereSimulationsfenster unterteilt, die nacheinander abgearbeitetwerden. Die Methode erlaubt eine Bestimmung derFreien-Energie-Landschaft an einer beliebigen Stelle desPhasendiagramms. Der Fehler ist kontrollierbar undunabhängig von der Art der Unterteilung.

Existence of solutions and asymtptotic limits of the Euler-Poisson and the quantum drift-diffusion systems

My work concerns two different systems of equations used in the mathematical modeling of semiconductors and plasmas: the Euler-Poisson system and the quantum drift-diffusion system. The first is given by the Euler equations for the conservation of mass and momentum, with a Poisson equation for the electrostatic potential. The second one takes into account the physical effects due to the smallness of the devices (quantum effects). It is a simple extension of the classical drift-diffusion model which consists of two continuity equations for the charge densities, with a Poisson equation for the electrostatic potential. Using an asymptotic expansion method, we study (in the steady-state case for a potential flow) the limit to zero of the three physical parameters which arise in the Euler-Poisson system: the electron mass, the relaxation time and the Debye length. For each limit, we prove the existence and uniqueness of profiles to the asymptotic expansion and some error estimates. For a vanishing electron mass or a vanishing relaxation time, this method gives us a new approach in the convergence of the Euler-Poisson system to the incompressible Euler equations. For a vanishing Debye length (also called quasineutral limit), we obtain a new approach in the existence of solutions when boundary layers can appear (i.e. when no compatibility condition is assumed). Moreover, using an iterative method, and a finite volume scheme or a penalized mixed finite volume scheme, we numerically show the smallness condition on the electron mass needed in the existence of solutions to the system, condition which has already been shown in the literature. In the quantum drift-diffusion model for the transient bipolar case in one-space dimension, we show, by using a time discretization and energy estimates, the existence of solutions (for a general doping profile). We also prove rigorously the quasineutral limit (for a vanishing doping profile). Finally, using a new time discretization and an algorithmic construction of entropies, we prove some regularity properties for the solutions of the equation obtained in the quasineutral limit (for a vanishing pressure). This new regularity permits us to prove the positivity of solutions to this equation for at least times large enough.

Development of parallelizable flood inundation models for large scale analysis

Flood disasters are a major cause of fatalities and economic losses, and several studies indicate that global flood risk is currently increasing. In order to reduce and mitigate the impact of river flood disasters, the current trend is to integrate existing structural defences with non structural measures. This calls for a wider application of advanced hydraulic models for flood hazard and risk mapping, engineering design, and flood forecasting systems. Within this framework, two different hydraulic models for large scale analysis of flood events have been developed. The two models, named CA2D and IFD-GGA, adopt an integrated approach based on the diffusive shallow water equations and a simplified finite volume scheme. The models are also designed for massive code parallelization, which has a key importance in reducing run times in large scale and high-detail applications. The two models were first applied to several numerical cases, to test the reliability and accuracy of different model versions. Then, the most effective versions were applied to different real flood events and flood scenarios. The IFD-GGA model showed serious problems that prevented further applications. On the contrary, the CA2D model proved to be fast and robust, and able to reproduce 1D and 2D flow processes in terms of water depth and velocity. In most applications the accuracy of model results was good and adequate to large scale analysis. Where complex flow processes occurred local errors were observed, due to the model approximations. However, they did not compromise the correct representation of overall flow processes. In conclusion, the CA model can be a valuable tool for the simulation of a wide range of flood event types, including lowland and flash flood events.

Monte Carlo simulations of nucleation of colloidal crystals

A crystal nucleus in a finite volume may exhibit phase coexistence with a surrounding fluid. The thermodynamic properties of the coexisting fluid (pressure and chemical potential) are enhanced relative to their coexistence values. This enhancement is uniquely related to the surface excess free energy. rnA model for weakly attractive soft colloidal particles is investigated, the so called Asakura-Oosawa model. In simulations, this model allows for the calculation of the pressure in the liquid using the virial formula directly. The phase coexistence pressure in the thermodynamic limit is obtained from the interface velocity method. We introduce a method by which the chemical potential in dense liquids can be measured. There is neither a need to locate the interface nor to compute the anisotropic interfacial tension to obtain nucleation barriers. Therefore, our analysis is appropriate for nuclei of arbitrary shape. Monte Carlo simulations over a wide range of nucleus volumes yield to nucleation barriers independent from the total system volume. The interfacial tension is determined via the ensemble-switch method, hence a detailed test of classical nucleation theory is possible. The anisotropy of the interfacial tension and the resulting non-spherical shape has only a minor effect on the barrier for the Asakura-Oosawa model.

Evaluation of a bolus/infusion protocol for 11C-ABP688, a PET tracer for mGluR5

(11)C-ABP-688 is a selective tracer for the mGluR5 receptor. Its kinetics is fast and thus favourable for an equilibrium approach to determine receptor-related parameters. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the pattern of the (11)C-ABP688 uptake using a bolus-plus-infusion (B/I) protocol at early time points corresponds to the perfusion and at a later time point to the total distribution volume. METHODS: A bolus and a B/I study (1 h each) was performed in five healthy male volunteers. With the B/I protocol, early and late scans were normalized to gray matter, cerebellum and white matter. The same normalization was done on the maps of the total distribution volume (Vt) and K(1) which were calculated in the study with bolus only injection and the Logan method (Vt) and a two-tissue compartment model (K(1)). RESULTS: There was an excellent correlation close to the identity line between the pattern of the late uptake in the B/I study and Vt of the bolus-only study for all three normalizations. The pattern of the early uptake in the B/I study correlated well with the K(1) maps, but only when normalized to gray matter and cerebellum, not to white matter. CONCLUSION: It is demonstrated that with a B/I protocol the (11)C-ABP688 distribution in late scans reflects the pattern of the total distribution volume and is therefore a measure for the density pattern of mGluR5. The early scans following injection are related to blood flow, although not in a fully quantitative manner. The advantage of the B/I protocol is that no arterial blood sampling is required, which is advantageous in clinical studies.